Term
Gluconeogenesis RXN
2 Pyruvate + 4ATP + 2 GTP + 2 NADH + H + 6 H2O --> ? + 4 ADP + 2 GDP + 2 NAD + 6Pi |
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Definition
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Term
NON-CARBOHYDRATE SOURCES for the net synthesis of glucose:
?, ?, amino acids, glycerol, propionyl CoA, succinyl CoA |
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Definition
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Term
| Compounds which do NOT yield net synthesis of glucose: ? ?, even chain fatty acids, leucine, and lysine |
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Definition
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Term
| All amino acids (AA) can be used to synthesize glucose except ? & ? during prolonged starvation or high protein diet |
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Term
Four enzymes in GNG that circumvent the three irreversible steps in glycolysis and their subcellular location:
? ? - mitochondrial matrix
? ? - cytosol & mito matrix
? ? - cytosol
? ? - endoplasmic reticulum |
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Definition
Pyruvate Carboxylase
PEP Carboxykinase
Fructose 1,6-bisphosphatase
Glucose 6-phosphatase |
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Term
Pentose Phosphate Pathway
Oxidative:
) Glucose 6-P + 2 NADP+ -->
? + CO2 + 2 NADPH + 2 H+ |
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Definition
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Term
Pentose phosphate Pathway
Non-oxidative
3 Pentose 5-P --> ? + 1 Triose 3-P |
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Definition
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Term
| Pentose phosphate pathway is NOT IN ? |
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Definition
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Term
| In the Pentose phosphate pathway going from 6-Phosphogluconate to Ribulose 5-phosphate is where NADPH + H is created as well as where ? is reduced |
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Term
What catalyzes the breakdown of glycogen?
Its cofactor is ? ? |
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Definition
Glycogen Phosphorylase
Pyridoxal Phosphate |
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Term
| Going from Glycogen (n residues) to Glucose 1-phosphate + glycogen (n-1 residues) is a ? rxn and is highly regulated |
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Definition
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Term
| In muscle glycogenolysis is to provide energy for ? ? |
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Definition
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Term
| Glycogen synthase requires a primer which is ? |
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Definition
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Term
| Glycogenin catalyzes the addition of ? glucose residues from UDP-glucose in an autoglycosylation |
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Term
| What causes the increase of solubility of glycogen and increases the rate of synthesis and degradation |
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Definition
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Term
| The addition of one glucose residue to glycogen uses ? ATP equivalents. |
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Definition
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Term
| High blood glucose, through ?, stimulates glycogenesis and inhibits ? in liver and muscles |
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Definition
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Term
| Glycogenesis is regulated by ? |
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Definition
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Term
| Glycogenolysis is regulated by ? ? |
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Definition
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Term
| Protein kinase A and phosphorylase kinase activate ? ? and inactivate ? ? by phosphorylation |
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Definition
glycogen phosphorylase
glycogen synthase |
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Term
| ? ? ? inactivates glycogen phosphorylase and activates glycogen synthase |
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Definition
| Protein phosphate 1 (PP1) |
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Term
| ? ? ? ? is the glucose sensor (receptor) |
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Definition
| Liver glycogen phosphorylase a |
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Term
| ? allosterically inhibits the liver phosphorylase a (more active phosphorylated form) |
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Definition
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Term
| ? ? ? ? (less active dephosphorylated form) is allosterically activated by AMP (NOT cAMP) |
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Definition
| Muscle glycogen phosphorylase b |
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