Term
| What is the leading COD for those aged 15-24 |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| If an injury is chronic it is a ___ |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| physical damage resulting from a brief encounter where outside energy exceeded the body's level of tolerance |
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Term
| Define level of tolerance |
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Definition
| amount of pain you can endure before injury |
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Term
| What are the 3 vital elements? |
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Definition
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Term
| Most injuries are a result of exposure to what? |
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Definition
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Term
| What month is safety month? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the purpose of the 9 core competencies? |
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Definition
| help implement and plan programs; provide a common base of knowledge |
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Term
| What are the 4 categories injuries are sorted by? |
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Definition
| mechanism (type of energy); intent, location, nature and severity |
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Term
| An injury is any ____ or ___ damage to the body resulting from ___ ___ to (name 5 types of energy) |
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Definition
| unintentional, intentional, acute exposure, thermal, electrical, mechanical, chemical, radiation |
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Term
| What are the 2 major attributes of unintentional injuries? |
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Definition
| unintended causes; undesirable effects |
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Term
| What is the purpose of intentional injury? |
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Definition
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Term
| Aside from exceeding the body's level of tolerance, injuries can also be the result of what? |
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Definition
| the disruption of the body's ability to maintain internal energy regulation due to absence of heat or oxygen |
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Term
| What are the 3 characteristics of unintentional injury? |
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Definition
| degree of expectedness avoidability, and intention |
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Term
| List and describe the 3 types of injury prevention |
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Definition
| primary, secondary, tertiary |
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Term
ID:
mitigation of death, disability and or property damage |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| If we can ___ injuries we can ____ injuries |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the proper name for an MVA? |
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Definition
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Term
| 75 percent of injuries are because of what kind of energy? |
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Definition
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Term
| Injuries are the leading COD for what age group? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the referent age used for YPLL? |
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Definition
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Term
| How do you calculate YPLL? |
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Definition
| Referent age- Age at Death |
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Term
| Why is eval often cut out of the program planning process? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the 4 steps of the public health model? |
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Definition
| define problem, id risk and protective factors, develop interventions, eval interventions |
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Term
T/F:
Evaluation only occurs at the end of a program |
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Definition
| False; it should occur throughout so the change in participants can be attributed to the program |
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Term
ID:
increases lijelihood of someone being a victim of unintentional injury |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| decreases chance of someone being a victim of unintentional injury |
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Term
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Definition
| decreases chance of someone being a victim of unintentional injury |
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Term
| What is the definition of injury epidemiology? |
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Definition
| study of why some get injured and some do not |
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Term
| Describe Dr. William Haddon (3) |
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Definition
| PH physician and epidemiologist; founder of injury prevention field; developed haddon matrix |
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Term
| Describe the Haddon Matrix |
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Definition
| does not only focus on prevention but on how to reduce losses due to injury |
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Term
| Describe the epidemiological triangle of infectious disease |
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Definition
| agent (disease organism); host (affected person); environment (physical and social) |
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Term
| What are the 3 time-course categories of an injury event? |
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Definition
| pre-event (will an event with the potential to cause injury occur), event (will injury occur), and post event (what will the outcome be)...Primary, secondary, and tertiary prevention |
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Term
| What is the value of the Haddon Matrix? |
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Definition
| encourages brain storming of wide range of possible factors the can increase or decrease likelihood of injury |
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Term
| How does the Haddon Matrix take the focus off the individual? |
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Definition
| discouraging victim blaming |
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Term
| What is the most important thing when using the Haddon Matrix? |
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Definition
| making a comprehensive list of risk factors |
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Term
| Describe the 10 Haddon Countermeasures |
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Definition
| Provides guidelines for possible control programs, centers on how to reduce damages, not a formula |
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Term
| What are the 3 E's of Injury Prevention? |
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Definition
| engineering Education and enforcement |
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Term
| What is the most important category used when classifying injuries? |
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Definition
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Term
| Where does injury rank on the leading CODs for the US? |
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Definition
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Term
| What questions are asked when analyzing fatal and non-fatal injuries? |
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Definition
| Who, What, Where, When, Why, How (mechanism) |
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Term
| What are the 3 levels of data systems? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the most comprehensive data system for mortality data? |
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Definition
| National Vital Stats System |
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Term
| What are 3 issues with state and community data? |
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Definition
| not complete, not available, and varies by location |
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Term
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Definition
| International Classification of Diseases System; standardizes data and promotes comparability through use of coding rules |
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Term
| What is the importance of standardized data? |
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Definition
| reliable data gives basis for prevention efforts; defines more precisely the domain of injuries; gives circumstances of the injuries |
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Term
| What method is most often used to gather qualitative data? |
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Definition
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Term
| Total injury and death figures do not become meaningful until they are transformed into _____ |
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Definition
| rates; (ratios or percentages) |
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Term
| An average of data is meaningless without what? |
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Definition
| info about the variation of measures that make it up |
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Term
| How many definitions of drowning are there? |
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Definition
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Term
| Correlation ____ ____ Causation |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the 4 possibilities that explain why 2 factors could be related? |
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Definition
| A causes B; B causes A; Both A and B are caused by C; A and B are independent and the association is by chance |
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Term
| A statistical association ____ IDs the cause |
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Definition
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Term
| Why does correlation not prove causation? |
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Definition
| It only proves that 2 things move together but does not state why |
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Term
| What is the first step of a needs assessment? |
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Definition
| collect data to determine need of population: ID goals,problems and conditions the program should address |
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Term
| What is the best way to present data? |
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Definition
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Term
ID:
formed when groups come together and work towards a common goal |
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Definition
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Term
ID:
groups of individuals that represent stake holders and members of the target pop |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the main benefit of a coalition? |
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Definition
| Bring in perspective of other experts |
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Term
| What are the 3 categories of coalition membership? |
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Definition
| Stakeholders, community opinion leaders, other interested parties |
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Term
| What are 3 types of planning tools used for injury prevention? |
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Definition
| Hanlon Method, Bracketology, and Haddon Matrix and countermeasures |
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Term
| Describe the Hanlon Method |
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Definition
| Basic Priority Rating System (BPRS); that prioritizes problems based on siz, severity an potential effectiveness of interventions |
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Term
| What are the 4 components of the Hanlon Method? |
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Definition
| Size, Seriousness, estimated effectiveness of intervention; PEARL factors (Propriety, Economic Feasibility, Acceptability, Resource availability, legality |
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Term
| What are the 3 categories of intervention? |
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Definition
| education, legislation/enforcement, and engineering/technology |
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Term
| What is the difference between a goal and an objective? |
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Definition
| goals are broad and immeasurable. Objectives are measurable and more specific |
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Term
| What is the SMART acronym? |
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Definition
| Specific, Measurable, Attainable, Realistic, Time frame |
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Term
| What 4 forces need to be considered when planning interventions? |
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Definition
| Social, cultural, political, and economic forces |
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Term
| Why is it important to evaluate programs? |
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Definition
| To determine if the program was appropriate, cost/time effective and what glitches there were |
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Term
| When should evaluation begin? |
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Definition
| at the beginning of the planning stage |
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Term
| What are the 4 types of evaluation? |
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Definition
| formative, process, impact, outcome |
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Term
ID:
the process of testing programs, etc before they are put into effect |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the purpose of a formative eval? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| tests whether the program reached the target population in the way they planned to; conducted as soon as program is implemented |
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Term
| Which type of eval is conducted as several points throughout the program? |
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| assessing program's progress toward its goals |
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Term
| Which evaluation method helps show the population's change in knowledge? |
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Definition
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Term
T/F:
The impact eval is done at the end of the program |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| measuring whether or not a program met its ultimate goal |
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Term
ID:
measures changes in preventative behaviors and in morbidity/death |
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Definition
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Term
| Which type of eval asses behavior change? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the 3 qualitative tools for eval? |
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Definition
| focus groups, interviews, participant observation |
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Term
| What is a quantitative tool for eval? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| What are 5 barriers to evaluation? |
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Definition
| money, staff and capabilities, length of time given to program, availability of consultants, policies limiting ability to get info from public |
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Term
| *What are the steps involved in any eval? |
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Definition
| statement of objective, target pop defined, collected info, suitable methods, design and test instruments, collect info, process info, analyze processed info, eval report |
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Term
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Definition
| Product, price, place, promotion |
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Term
| What is the difference between policy and laws? |
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Definition
| laws are policies all policies are not laws |
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Term
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Definition
| trying to influence policy makers in regards to a specific cause |
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Term
| What is the difference between education and lobbying? |
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Definition
| in education you don't want ppl to vote a certain way. Lobbying is about politics |
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Term
| What is the leading cause of unintentional death for all age groups? |
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Definition
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Term
T/F;
If a crash takes longer to make impact there is a greater chance for survival |
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Definition
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Term
| What areas of the body are involved in the leading causes of fatality? |
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Definition
| HEad, neck, chest, abdomen |
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Term
| What was an unlisted risk factor for MVC that should have been added? |
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Definition
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Term
| What 2 age groups are most likely to be involved in MVC? |
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Definition
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Term
| Why are females said to be the worst drivers? |
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Definition
| Because cars are made to cater to the body composition of men |
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Term
| During what time of day do most MVCs occur? |
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Definition
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Term
| Fatal crashes occur in what type of environment? |
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Definition
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Term
| Most MVCs occur on what type of surface? |
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Definition
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Term
| Seat belts reduce injury by ___ % and fatality by ___% |
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Definition
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Term
| What age group is most likely to speed by larger incriments? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the 3 stages of the license system for beginning drivers? |
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Definition
| learner's permit, provisional license, full license |
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Term
| What is the difference between the toxic dose of a poison and the threshold dose? |
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Definition
| Toxic: causes poisoning; Threshold is smallest amount that causes harm |
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Term
| Acute exposure to a poison is how long? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| How many unintentional poisoning deaths occur each year? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| Who is more accurate in treating poisons? Hospitals or the PCC? |
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Definition
| PCC (94%) vs the hosptial's 64% accuracy |
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Term
| Why is poisoning data incomplete? |
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Definition
| Not all poisoning results in seeking of medical care or death so data is incomplete |
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Term
| What are the 4 ways poison can enter the body? |
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Definition
| inhalation, absorption, ingestion and injection |
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Term
| What is the leading cause of poisoning in US for all ages? |
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Definition
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Term
| The majority of poisonings occur via what manner? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the 2 categories of injected poisons? |
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Definition
| intentional (drugs) and unintentional |
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Term
| What are the 2 types of effects of poisonings? |
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Definition
| Local and systemic (blocks O2, nerve messages, damages orggans) |
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Term
| What age group is most likely to suffer from a poisoning (children) |
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Definition
|
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Term
| What are 4 risk factors for a poisoning? |
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Definition
| Age, interruption of family patterns, gender, time of day |
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Term
| What age group is most likely to suffer from a poisoning? From a poisoning fatality? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| When did the Poison Prevention Packaging Act pass? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| Why is Ipecac Syrup no longer used to treat poisoning? |
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Definition
| because it brings the poison back up and can burn the GI tract |
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|
Term
ID:
Leading COD unintentional in US |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the 4 phases of CO poisoning? |
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Definition
| flu, delirium, coma, death |
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