Term
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Definition
| a dynamic state or condition of the human organsim that is multidimensional in nature, a resource for living, and results from a person's interactions with and adaptations to his or her environment; therefore, it can exist in varying degrees and is specific to each individual and his or her situation |
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Term
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Definition
| a group of people who have common characteristics; communities can be defined by location, race, ethnicity, age, occupation, interest in particular problems or outcomes, or other common bonds |
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Term
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Definition
| things that society does collectively to assure the conditions in which people can be healthy |
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Definition
| the organizational mechanism of those activities undertaken within the formal structure of government and the associated efforts of private and voluntary organizations and individuals |
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Definition
| the health status of a defined group of people and the actions and conditions to promote, protect, and preserve their health |
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Term
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Definition
| the health status of people who are not organized and have no identity as a group or lacality and the actions and conditions to promote, protect, and preserve their health |
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Definition
| a process through which communities are helped to identify common problems or goals, mobilize resources, and in other ways develop and implement strategies for reaching their goals they have collectively set |
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Definition
| the resistance of a population to the spread of an infectious agent based on the immunity of a high proportion of individuals |
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Term
| spiritual era of public health |
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Definition
| a time during the Middle Ages when the causation of communicable disease was linked to spiritual forces |
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Term
| modern era of public health |
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Definition
| the era of public health that began in 1850 and continues today |
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Term
| bacteriological period of public health |
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Definition
| the period of 1875-1900, during which the causes of many bacterial diseases were discovered |
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Term
| reform phase od public health |
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Definition
| the years of 1900-1920, characterized by social movements to improve health conditions in cities and in the work place |
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Term
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Definition
| government health insurance for the elderly and those with certain disabilities |
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Term
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Definition
| government health insurance for the poor |
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Term
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Definition
| the third set of health goals and objectivies for the US that defines the nation's health agenda and guides its health policy |
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Term
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Definition
| the threatened or intentional release of biological agents for the purpose of influencing the conduct of government or intimidating or coercing a civilian population to further political or social objectives |
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Definition
| a method of funding in which funds are transmitted from federal or state government to the local level |
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Term
| governmental health agencies |
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Definition
| health agencies that are part of the governmental structure (federal, state, or local) and that are funded primarily by tax dollars |
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Term
| World Health Organization |
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Definition
| the most widely recognized international governmental health organization |
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Term
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Definition
| a body of delegates of the member nations of the WHO |
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Term
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Definition
| legislation enacted to deal with the cleanup of hazardous substances in the environment |
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Term
| core functions of public health |
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Definition
| assessment, policy, development, and assurance |
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Term
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Definition
| the scale used to determine the fee for services based on the ability to pay |
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Term
| quasi-governmental health organizations |
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Definition
| organizations that have some responsibilities assigned by the government but operate more like voluntary agencies (ex. American Red Cross) |
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Term
| Voluntary Health Agencies |
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Definition
| nonprofit organizations created by concerned citizens to deal with a health need not met by governmental health agencies |
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Term
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Definition
| an endowed institution that donates money for the good of humankind |
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Term
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Definition
| the study of the distribution and determinants of health-related states or events in specified populations |
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Term
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Definition
| an unexpectedly large number of cases of an illness, specific health-related behavior, or other health related event in a particular population |
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Term
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Definition
| a disease that occurs regularly in a population as a matter of course |
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Term
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Definition
| one who pracices epidemiology |
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Term
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Definition
| an outbreak of disease over a wide geographical area such as a continent |
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Term
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Definition
| people afflicted with a disease |
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Term
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Definition
| the number of events that occur in a given population in a given period of time |
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Term
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Definition
| the number of live births divided by the total population |
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Term
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Definition
| the rate of illness in a population |
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Term
| mortality (fatality) rate |
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Definition
| the number of deaths in a population divided by the total population |
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Term
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Definition
| those in the population who are susceptible to a particular disease or condition |
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Term
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Definition
| the number of new health-related events or case of a disease in a population exposed to that risk during a particular period of time, divided by the total number in that same population |
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Term
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Definition
| a disease that lasts three months or less |
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Term
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Definition
| the number of new and old cases of a disease in a population in a given period of time, divided by the total number in that population |
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Term
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Definition
| a disease or health condition that last longer than three months |
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Term
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Definition
| an incidence rate calculated for a particular population for a single disease outbreak and expressed as a percentage |
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Term
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Definition
| a rate in which the denominator includes the total population |
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Term
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Definition
| the number of live births per 1000in a population at a given period of time |
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Term
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Definition
| the number of deaths (from all causes) per 1000 in a population in a given period of time |
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Term
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Definition
| rate used to make comparisons of relative risks across groups and over time when groups differ in age structure |
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Term
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Definition
| a rate that measures morbidity or mortality for particular populations or diseases |
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Term
| cause-specific mortality rate |
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Definition
| the death rate due to a particular disease |
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Term
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Definition
| the percentage of cases of a particular disease that result in death |
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Term
| proportionate mortality ratio |
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Definition
| the percentage of overall mortality in a population that is attributable to a particular cause |
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Term
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Definition
| infectious diseases for which health offiials request or require reporting for public health reasons |
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Term
| National Electronic Telecommunications System |
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Definition
| the electronic reporting system used by state health departments and the CDC |
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Term
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Definition
| the average number of years a person from a specific cohort is projected to live from a given point in time |
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Term
| years of potential life lost |
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Definition
| the number of years lost when death occurs before the age of 65 or 75 |
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Term
| disability adjusted life years |
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Definition
| a measure for the burden of disease that takes into account premature death and loss of healthy life resulting from disability |
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Term
| health adjusted life expectancy |
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Definition
| the number of years of healthy life expected, on average in a given population |
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Term
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Definition
| the enumeration of the population of the US that is conducted every 10 years |
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Term
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Definition
| statistical summaries of records of major life events such as births, deaths, marriages, divorces, and infant deaths |
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Term
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Definition
| an epidemiological study that describes an epidemic with respect to person, place, and time |
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Term
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Definition
| a graphic display of the cases of disease according to the time or date of onset of symptoms |
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Term
| point source epidemic curve |
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Definition
| an epidemic curve depicting a distribution of cases which all can be traced to a single source of exposure. |
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Term
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Definition
| the period between exposure to a disease and the onset of symptoms |
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Term
| propagated epidemic curve |
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Definition
| an epidemic curve depicting a distribution of cases traceable to multiple sources of exposure |
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Term
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Definition
| an epidemiological study aimed at testing hypotheses |
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Term
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Definition
| factors that increase the probability of disease, injury, or death |
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Term
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Definition
| an analytic, epidemiological study in which the investigator observes the natural course of events, noting exposed and unexposed subjects and disease development |
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Term
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Definition
| a study that seeks to compare those diagnosed with a disease with those who do not have the disease for prior exposure to specific risk factors |
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Term
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Definition
| an epidemiological study in which a cohort is classified by exposure to one or more specific risk factors and observed to determine the rates at which disease develops in each class |
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Term
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Definition
| a group of people who share some important demographic characteristic (year of birth, for ex.) |
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Term
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Definition
| a probability statement about the association between a particular disease and a specific risk factor, resulting from a case/control study |
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Term
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Definition
| a statement of the relationship between the risk of acquiring a disease when a specific risk factor is present and the risk of acquiring that same disease when the risk factor is absent |
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Term
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Definition
| analytic studies in which the investigator allocates exposure or intervention and follows development of disease |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| an illness caused by some specific biological agent or its toxic products that can be transmitted from an infected person, animal, or inanimate reservoir to a susceptible host |
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Term
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Definition
| a disease that cannot be transmitted from infected host to susceptible host |
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Term
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Definition
| the ability of a biological agent to enter and grow in the host |
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Term
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Definition
| the capability of a communicable disease agent to cause disease in a susceptible host |
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Term
| communicable disease model |
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Definition
| a visual representation of the interrelationships between causative agent, host, and environment |
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Term
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Definition
| the cause of the disease or health problem |
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Term
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Definition
| a person or other living organism that affords subsistence or lodgment to a communicable agent under natural conditions |
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Term
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Definition
| a model to conceptualize the transmission of a communicable disease from its source to a susceptible host |
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Term
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Definition
| a person who is sick with a disease |
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Term
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Definition
| a person or animal that harbors a specific communicable agent in the absence of discernible clinical disease and serves as a potential source of infection to others |
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Term
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Definition
| a communicable disease transmissible under natural conditions from vertebrate animals to humans |
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Term
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Definition
| a disease that infects only humans |
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Term
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Definition
| the immediate transfer of an infectious agent by direct contact between infected and susceptible individuals |
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Term
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Definition
| communicable disease transmission involving an intermediate step |
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Term
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Definition
| inanimate materials or objects that can serve as a source of infection |
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Term
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Definition
| a living organism usually an arthropod (ex mosquito) that can transmit a communicable agent to susceptible hosts |
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Definition
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Definition
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Term
| multicausation disease model |
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Definition
| a visual representation of the host together with various internal and external factors that promote and protect against disease |
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Term
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Definition
| achronic disease characterized by damage to the coronary arteries in the heart |
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Term
| cerebrovascular disease (Stroke) |
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Definition
| a chronic disease characterized by damage to blood vessels of the brain resulting in disruption of circulation to the brain |
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Term
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Definition
| uncontrolled new tissue growth resulting from cells that have lost control over their growth and division |
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Term
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Definition
| the spread of cancer cells to distant parts of the body by the circulatory or lymphatic systems |
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Term
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Definition
| the planning for and taking of action to forestall the onset of a disease or other health problem |
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Term
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Definition
| efforts to control a disease in progress |
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Term
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Definition
| the complete elimination or uprooting of a disease (Ex. smallpox) |
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Term
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Definition
| preventive measure that forestall the onset of illness or injury during the prepathogenesis period |
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Term
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Definition
| preventive measure that lead to an early diagnosis and prompt treatment of a disease or injury to limit disability and prevent more severe pathogenesis. Ex: health screenings! |
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Definition
| measure aimed at rehabilitation following significant pathogenesis |
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Definition
| the separation of infected persons from those who are susceptible |
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Definition
| limitation of freedom of movement of those who have been exposed to a disease and may be incubating it |
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Term
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Definition
| the killing of communicable disease agents outside the host, on counter tops, for example |
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Term
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Definition
| disease agents, such as HIV, that are transmissible in blood and other body fluids |
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Term
| bloodbourne pathogens standard |
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Definition
| a set of regulations promulgated by OSHA that sets forth the responsibilities of employers and employees with regard to precautions to be taken concerning bloodborne pathogens in the workplace |
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Term
| unmodifiable risk factors |
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Definition
| factors contributing to the development of a noncommunicable disease that cannot be altered by modifying one's behavior or environment |
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Term
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Definition
| factors contributing to the development of a noncommunicable disease that can be altered by modifying one's behavior or environment |
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