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| A group of people who share a culture and a territory. |
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| stresses the sociological conyext in which people live.or were raised incl |
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| the corners in life that people occupy, because of where they are located in a society |
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Using objective, systematic observations to test theories
-was being tried out in chemistry and physics. |
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| The study of society (from the greek logos,"study of", and the latin socious." "companion' or "being with others")began in europe in the mid 1800s |
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| By Auguste Comte (1798-1857) suggested that we apply the scientific method to the social world. |
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By Karl Marx
the engine of human history |
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the capitalist who own the capital, land, factories, and machines
by Karl Marx
natural enemy : proletariat |
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the exploited workers
by Karl Marx |
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The degree to which people are tied to their social group: Found that people who have weaker ties are more likely to commit suicide.
By : Emile Durkheim |
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| analyzing some aspect of society, with no goal other than gaining knowledge. |
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| using sociology to solve problems |
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| American Sociological Association is promoting a middle ground between research and reform. |
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| is that -symbols- things to which we attach meaning - are the key to understanding how we view the world and communicate with one another. |
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| is a general statement about how some parts of the world fit together and how they work. |
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| is that sociaty is a whole unit, made up of interrelated parts that work together. |
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| that is, they examine large scale patterns of society |
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| focus usually on symbolic interactionists |
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| what people do when they are in one another's presence |
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| (gestures use of spaace and so on ex: silence of a homeless shelter |
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| the behaviors, obligations and privilages attached to a status - were already set up for you. |
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| consists of people who interact with one another and who feel that the values, interests and norms they have in common are important. |
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the standard or usual ways that a society meets its basic needs- vitally effect your life
ex: family, religion , education,economy,medicine,politics,law,science,military,mass media,technology |
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positivisn = applying the scientific method to the social world
wondered about social order
believed sociology should guide social reform
'armed sociology" |
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Herbert Spencer
(1820-1883) and Social Darwinism |
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Believed societies evolve from lower to higher form
believe charity and helping the poor were wrong
armchair sociology |
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Karl Marx
(1818-1883) and class conflict |
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social reformer believed econ. class conflict was behind all human history.
controling class of capitalist, who own the means of production vs. the exploited class who provides the labor
supported revolution to achive utopia of a classes society
viewed religion as a means to keep the exploited in thrall |
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Modern socs.
Max Weber (1864-1920) and the protestant Ethic |
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religion was the central force of social change
catholics = church= salvation
protestants =signs = financial success
--- they lived frugal lives saving money and investing in surplus which nrought out capitalism
capitalism flurished in protestant countries. |
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Emile Durheim
(1858- 1917) and social Integration |
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succede in getting sociology recognized as a separate academic discipline
demostraited that social forces affect peoples behaivior in a classic study of suicide
showed that suicide was correlated to a group's level of socialintergration, it didnt occur randomly |
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| when was social security formed ? |
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| when did england first industrialize ? |
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| where did manufacturing 1st beging ? |
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| in a meat factory in Chicago IL. |
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a testible verifiable of fasiable proposition concerning the relationship between particular sets of variables in collected data
eithe rejected or not but never accepted |
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| data that changes from case to case |
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| interconnected hypothesis that offer general explanations for naturals or social phenomena |
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| To improve the spiritual condition among young men in the drapery and other trades |
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| society is composed of groups that engage in competition, sometimes fierce, for scarece resources |
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| behaiviors depend on how we define ourselvs and others |
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| society is a whole unit it is made up of interrelated parts that work together |
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defined by wealth , income , education, occupation, opportunity
and parents variables count too |
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| in preindustrial sociaties |
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| Lineage matters class did not exist |
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| editor of the american journal of sociology for 30 years |
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| first chief of u.s. children's burreau |
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| first to hold cabinet position for 12 years as secretary of labor unders president franklin roosevelt |
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| fist african american to earn doctorate at hardvard studyed relations between black and whites naacp founder social reformer editor of crisis |
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nobel peace price winner for peace
worked on behalf of poor immigrants
founded hull house a center to help immigrants in chicago
leader in womens rights |
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| Talcott parsons 1902 - 1979 |
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| developed abstract models of society that influence a generation of sociology |
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| is an action intended to help some part of a system |
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| unintended consiquences that help a system adjust. |
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| human unintended actions that hurt a system. |
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dismissed the organic theory analogy, maintained the essence of functionalism - image of society as a whole being composed of parts that work together
used functions to refer to the benefecial consequences |
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| who is Harriet Marineau ? |
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translated comte
published a discription of american sociaty |
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| when did the first apartment exist and where was it constructed ? |
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| failure or success in a city depended on |
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| coke from coal was likely used to |
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| 3 downfalls of city living |
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| lack of privacy, conformaty , people weren't nice |
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| 4 things fossil fuels lead to ? |
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| production of goods, transportation, electricity, accompleshing work tasks |
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| why do symbols change over time ? |
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| eviormental and sociaty changes |
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| what did karl marx looked at class conflict as and what do we view it today as ? |
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marx: between social classes
today: amoung social classes |
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| what does functionalism examine ? |
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| sociaty as a whole working out interelated parts or social institutions working together. |
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| what is protestestant ethic and who did it? |
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if you worked hard god will give you a sign that you are saved
max weber. |
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| who invented the stock market ? |
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| what two religions did max weber notice a big difference in ? |
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catholics = merchantile
prolestans= capitalism |
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| who argued "social darwinism " meaning societies go from primitive forms to more advanced forms ? |
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| what are the 6 steps in the scientific method ? |
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1theory/ general observation
2hypothesis
3empirical observation
4analysis- statistics and probability
5 explanation
6 theory |
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| who where the socail philosiphers? |
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| who were social reformers? |
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| w.e.b. dubois. addams . durkhime |
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| what is the deffenition of factory production ? |
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| specialized labor- knowing how to do one task not the whole process |
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| what was the purpose of minimum wage ? |
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| it was desingned to have a minimum amount of pay to survive. |
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| what was the key invention to indudtrilazation ? |
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| what do the most industrialized nations have incommon? |
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| are europe or at some point where colonized by europe |
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| original need of the steam engine was to ? |
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| pump water out of the deep mines |
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