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Definition
| propogation where you find a natural part of the plant to use. |
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| Side shoots off plants you can use to propogate |
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Term
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Definition
Propogation that does not involve exchange of genetic material so it almost always produces plants that are identical to a single parent.
ex. cuttings, layering, division, grafting, budding, and tissue culture. |
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Term
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Definition
| Requirements for fruit trees, nut trees, bulb plants, shrubs, and other plants, measured in the terms of the total hours needed during a dormant or winter period in which the temp. is below 45 and above 32. Meeting these requirements will result in normal growth and bloom in the succeeding growing season |
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Definition
| The slow and prolonged growth of vegetative buds that may occur after insufficient winter chilling. |
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Term
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Definition
Death tissue
split bark
dessicate "Leaf Burn"
Heave (freezing and thawing push plants and roots above ground.) |
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Term
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Definition
| Long term weather patterns of a fairly broad geographical area |
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Term
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Definition
Average conditions of weather over a smaller area.
ex. a valley |
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Term
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Definition
| relates to climatic variations existing within a larger area usually the result of a topographical feature, could be as small as the area around a particular plant, leaf, or stomata |
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Definition
| The temperature at which plants function best |
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Definition
| The temperature below in which plants can not grow |
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Definition
| The temperature where plants cease to grow and physiological damage occurs. |
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Term
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Definition
Name given to fern because of its form
Spores are on the underside of the fern, they reproduce. They are not dieing.
Brown things on the leaves of fern are insects and will kill the fern |
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Term
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Definition
Temperature Range
Moisture/Percipitation
rain snow
light
sky conditions
humidity |
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Term
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Definition
First frost in fall is the end of the growing season
The last frost in spring is the beginning. |
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Term
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Definition
form of vegetative propogation in which an inact branch develops as the result of contact with the soil or rooting medium.
Works well with vines and flexible plants that touch soil. |
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Term
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Definition
The art of joining plants parts together so they unite and continue growth as one.
-difficult other ways
-pest resistant
-change size
-repair damage |
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Term
| Tissue Culture-Micropropogation |
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Definition
| massive propogation from sample of tissue from the mother plant |
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Term
| Leaf Cuttings Propogation |
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Definition
| entire leaves with or without petioles which have neither buds nor roots, so they must develop both. |
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Term
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Definition
| detached vegetative plant parts which, when placed under conditions favorable for regeneration will develop into a complete plant with characteristics identical to the parent plant. |
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Term
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Definition
Sexual Reproduction- Reproduction of plants through a sexual process involving meiosis (seeds)
Asexual Reproduction- The duplication of a whole plant from any cell, tissue, or organ of that plant. |
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Term
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Definition
-Succulent leaves- on plants that store a lot of water
-spines are sharp leaf modifications that often work by reflection light and condensing water
-used for protection
-Less surface area
-Tendrils are long thin grasping leaf modifications used for support
-Bracts are small modifications below flowers that attract polenators.
-Storage Leaves are fleshhy leaves that store water and carbs. |
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Term
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Definition
| have an axillary bud at the base of the leaf and each leaf breaks into many leaf-lets |
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Term
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Definition
veins run parallel to each other
ex. grasses, lillies, ginko leaves |
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Term
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Definition
Central point from which radiate
ex. maple leaf |
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Term
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Definition
feather like leaves
ex. oak |
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Term
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Definition
| Small cells on either side of the stomata that regulate the opening and the closing of stomata |
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Term
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Definition
| pores or openings in the leaf that allow gasses like CO2 and H20 vapor |
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Term
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Definition
| Flat, thin, expanded part of the leaf |
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Term
Bud Placement
Alternate-
Oppopsite |
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Definition
alternate-buds are placed alternatley along the stem
Opposite- buds are located opposite of each other on the stem |
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Term
| Modifications of stem and leaf |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Short thickened compressed stems that grow underground |
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Term
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Definition
| have fleshy overlapping leaves that resemble scales |
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Term
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Definition
| enlarged fleshy terminal portions of underground stems or rhizomes. |
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Term
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Definition
| stems that grow horizontally at least partially if not completely underground. Act as storage organs. |
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Term
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Definition
| Cuttings consisting of a leaf blade, petiole, and a short piece of the stem, with the attached axillary bud placed with the bud end in the medium and covered enough to support the leaf so new roots must form. |
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Term
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Definition
| Formed by concentric circles or rings and are covered by an outer layer called a tunica that serves as a dry protective covering |
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Term
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Definition
Cuttings that already have terminal or axillary buds. Must develop new roots at the base of the cutting before a new plant will be formed.
Downside of the stem cutting is that it is seperated from the mother plant. |
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Term
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Definition
| Root cuttings are cuttings 5-15cm long made from root sections in the fall or winter. Must produce a new adventitous shoot and continue growth of the existing root section, or develop roots from the base of a new shoot. |
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Term
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Definition
stems that grow horizontally above ground and may produce root or shoots at the nodes
runner is a specialized stolon |
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Term
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Definition
| highly compressed underground stems |
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Term
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Definition
| Stems with short internodes, usually from older woods that usually bear leaves, fruit, or both. |
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Term
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Definition
| Lateral portion of the tree that originates from the trunk or from another branch that gives rise to shoots, twigs, and sometimes leaves |
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Term
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Definition
| A one year old stem that has no leaves |
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Term
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Definition
| a one year old stem that has leaves |
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Term
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Definition
| the main axis of the stem |
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Term
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Definition
| small pores on the stem that permit gas exchange |
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Term
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Definition
| Portion of the stem where the leaf once attached to the stem. |
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Term
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Definition
Covers the tip of the root
aids in the roots penetration of the soil
controls the response of the root to gravity |
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Term
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Definition
located behind the region of cell division
cell walls stretch and become more permeable to water |
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Term
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Definition
place where cells become differentiated into various functional parts of the root
root hairs are produced here |
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Term
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Definition
Responsible for most of the water taken up by the plant
greatly increase the surface area of the roots
live 2-3 days |
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Term
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Definition
| Vegetative part of the axis of the plant which develops from the epicotyl of the embryo or from a bud of an existing stem or room. Supports the leaves and conduct water and nutrients between roots and leaves |
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Term
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Definition
| Enlarged region or joint of the stem where the leaves are attached and the buds are located |
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Term
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Definition
| Region of the stem between two successive nodes |
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Term
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Definition
| Embroyonic stems surrounded by embroyonic leaf and/or flower tissue that will develop from the buds. |
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Term
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Definition
| located at the tips of stems and are responsible for terminal growth |
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Term
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Definition
| buds that are borne laterally on the stem in the axils of the leaves |
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Term
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Definition
| Buds that originate at places on the plant other than nodes |
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Term
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Definition
| Protective outer layer of small, leathery, modified leaves which typically develop on buds of woody temperate zone shrubs and trees |
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Term
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Definition
| scar that remains where bud scales were attached to them |
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