Term
| two major points of a watering system |
|
Definition
| get water to the plants(all), reduce or limit water runoff/waste |
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Term
|
Definition
can be the most accurate method
person needs to be knowledgable
need to use a water breaker(extension, etc)
keep the end of the hose of the ground(sanitation/disease issue) |
|
|
Term
| disadvantage of hand watering |
|
Definition
labor intensive(costs)
person not knowledgeable can over/under water |
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Term
|
Definition
require time clocks, still need to check system
3 TYPES-drippers, capillary, nozzles |
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Term
|
Definition
each pot/plant has emitter
tubing needs to be low pressure
time and labor to keep in pots
EXAMPLES: chapin, water loops, spray stakes |
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Term
|
Definition
bottom of the pots are flooded by some method, water is soaked up into pots
possibility of build up if salts
EXAMPLES: Ebb&Flow, capillary mat |
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Term
|
Definition
| rectangle box, fills up with water, drains with plug, most have slope to drain, higher allgie and disease possibilities |
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Term
|
Definition
| mat with tubing, soak water up through tube, like sponge, no runoff, more potential for rootrot, diseases, good for not getting leaves wet |
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Term
|
Definition
| sprinklers water a bench or area, waste of water, plants grow and can block the spray, increases humidity and possibly disease |
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Term
|
Definition
poor quality can cause poor crop
2 major factors- pH and soluble salts |
|
|
Term
| groundwater contamination measures |
|
Definition
| use a closed irrigation system, water and fertilize only when necessary, limit leaching time, select water holding media, plan ahead for zero runoff |
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Term
|
Definition
| jelly type substance to absorb more water |
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Term
|
Definition
mainly used in propagation, intermittent mist-set automatic clock
weighted leaf-water on/off leaf turns system on/off |
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Term
|
Definition
| monitor environmental factors-temp,light,relative humidity |
|
|
Term
| greenhouse structure placement |
|
Definition
| should be placed north to south since sunbeams go east to west |
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Term
|
Definition
| none, specific to your and your plants needs |
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Term
|
Definition
| growing plants in the air by spraying nutrients periodically onto the roots |
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Term
|
Definition
| in plants, the vegetative rasther than the sexual stage of development |
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Term
|
Definition
| enclosed area equipped with a fan that pulls air through it |
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Term
|
Definition
| movement of water upward through tiny tubes in the root medium |
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Term
|
Definition
| growing plants with water as a root medium |
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Term
|
Definition
| a disease causing organism |
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Term
|
Definition
| amount of water in the air at a given temperature expressed as a percent of the total water the air can hold at that temperature |
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Term
|
Definition
| outer wall or edge of a greenhouse or bench |
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Term
|
Definition
| electronic device used by greenhouse environment comtrol computers to monitor the moisture level in root media |
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Term
|
Definition
| plant condition of "crispiness" of stems and leaves |
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Term
|
Definition
| combonation of methods used to control pests safely and efficiently, keep pest populations low enough to be negligible, each crop requires its own IPM program |
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Term
|
Definition
| greenhouse sanitation, physical control, biological control, pesticides |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| weeds need to be controlled, removal of all debris, fllors, benches and work areas need to be cleaned, remove unhealthy plants |
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Term
|
Definition
| prevent infestation, use screens over doors and openings, use yellow sticky traps, regulate the growing environment |
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Term
|
Definition
| micro organisms, parasites, predators |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| use newer soft pesticides, use sparingly, apply only to the location of the pest |
|
|
Term
| setting up an IPM considerations |
|
Definition
| how many different crops, types of crops, will crops be seperated, will the greenhouse be under continuous production |
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|
Term
| one ppm is equivelent to? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a pesticide such as horticultural soap or oil that is relatively harmless to the environment |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| small parasitic wasp used for biological control of greenhouse whiteflies |
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Term
|
Definition
| Environmental Protection Agency |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| chemical applied to a greenhouse as a fog or smoke to control pests and diseases |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| an organism that obains its nutrients by living off of another living organism |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| organism that feeds off another organism |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| pesticide that is relatively harmless to the environment |
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Term
|
Definition
| green pigment in plants that is responsible for photosynthesis |
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|
Term
|
Definition
abbr-Difference
manipulation of plant height by regulating the difference between day and night temperatures |
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|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
2nd most popular pot plant
natural fall flower
short day plant
grow or purchase year round
good keeping quality
easy to grow
many varieties and types |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
year round
tip stem cuttings
softwood - 2 1/2 - 3 1/2"
temp 70deg day, 60-62deg night
roots in 10-14 days
mist and bottom heat needed |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
well-drained soil
pH 6-7, pasteurize
temp 72-75deg day, 62-65deg night
too warm causes heat delay
lower temp as color shows to increase intensity |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
high water requirement
dont let dry out or overwater |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
response groups from 6-15wks
shading from march -sept, cloth, 2ftc and below
light sept - march 160w bulb 5-6' above bench every 6' |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
constant feed 200-300ppm of N, stop 3 wks before sale
plant @ 45deg, 1 cutting fer 4" pot |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| pythium, rhizoctonia(over water) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
pinch to encourage branching
remove to 1"
done 2 wks after planted |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
removal of lateral buds to make large flower
remove center bud for more flowers(spray mums) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
spray with grwth regulator to shorten
spraying depends on variety
cause of tall plants; crowding, too cool of night, pinch too high, too hot, no black cloth
too many long days |
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|
Term
|
Definition
removal of lateral buds to make large flower
remove center bud for more flowers(spray mums) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
pot rooted cuttings
grow 2 wks/ pinch
shade for needed time
disbud during shading as needed |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
yellows 60-75%
sell when flowers @ 1/2 - 3/4 open flower |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
3 types
thanksgiving, christmas and easter
different stem segments |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| native to south and central america |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Poinsettia bottanical name |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
#1 pot plant
named for Joel Poinsettia, US ambassador to mexico
grown for colorful bracts(coloring leaves to attract insects for pollination)
photoperiodic - needs light to grow, 12hrs plus of dark to flower
sept 15 days get shorter so need light to grow and trick into not flowering yet |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
produce own cuttings
purchase callus or rooted cuttings
if patented its against the law to propagate without permission, have to pay royalties
usually says patented on label(PPAF)
have to sell with label stating patented
newer varieties better(not as much dark time, more disease and insect resistent) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
2-3 1/2" tip cuttings, to grow straight up
taken from june to sept
need bottom heat and mist
60 degree nights
can be rooted or direct stuck
3-4 wks to root |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
needs to be light and well drained
pH 5.5-6.5 (acid conditions)
most growers use peat-lite soil less mix |
|
|
Term
| Electric Conductivity (EC) |
|
Definition
how much salt is in soil
more salt- less fertilizer
less salt- more fertilizer
salt conducts electricity |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Soluble salts are minerals dissolved in water. Fertilizer dissolved in water becomes a soluble salt. When water evaporates from the soil the minerals or salts stay behind. As the salts in the soil become more and more concentrated, plants find it harder and harder to take up water. If salts build up to an extremely high level, water can be taken out of the root tips causing them to die. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Reduced growth, brown leaf tips, dropping of lower leaves, small new growth, dead root tips, and wilting are all signs of high soluble salts. These salts will accumulate on top of the soil forming a yellow to white crust. A ring of salt deposits may be formed around the pot at the soil line or around the drainage hole. Salts will also build up on the outside of clay pots. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Salinity problems can be caused by too much fertiliser, salty irrigation water or saline ground water. Salts can be leached out with rainfall or low salinity irrigation water without affecting soil pH. Because of its high rainfall, the North Coast generally does not have a great problem with soil salinity except in some low, poorly draining soils close to tidal rivers. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
night 65-68
day 75-80
color - drop temperature
if growing too fast drop temperature
temps in greenhous will affect other plants(houseplants)
finish temperature 60deg, lower 1-2deg a day over a 7-10 day period to intensify color
after plant is size you want, will also harden them off |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
addition of light depends on variety
but is used to increase the size(height) of the plant
done from 10-2p
needs 2-3mos of 12hr plus of darkness to flower
use black cloth as needed |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
require high amounts
200-250 ppm of 20-10-20 constant food
stop 2wks before sales to harden off for homeowner sales
can be manesium and molybdenum deficiency
add 1-3 applications of epsom salts(magnesium sulphate)
if gets too much salt, flush it with water
keep it balanced by testing
dont always need fungicide
organic doesnt use fertilizer or pesticides |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
by sept 25th plants need to be in the final pot
see chart pg 260
spacing pg 263 |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
allow the surface to dry out between watering
overwatering causes root rot
wilting causes loss of quality
flood once a wk
light sprinkle-3x a wk |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
whitefly biggest problem
use yellow sticky card-MONITOR
count bugs document weekly
marathon -a systemic insectide
currently used in the last 6-8wks of growth |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
stem and root rot
prevention is the best-dont over water
apply fungicides
gray molds-attacks leaves-dont get leave wet cause by wet foliage and cool temperatures |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
removal of the top 1/2-1" of stem
done 2-3 wks after transplanting
causes branching and more flowers
allow for growth after pinching 2-3wks |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
hard-1"
medium-1/2-1"
soft-less than 1/2" |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
low light or close spacing can cause tall weak stalks
internode distance increases as difference between day and night temps increase
use growth regulators is neccessary
do not use after oct 15th
when use too much fertilizer stems may not be strong enough |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
pot rooted cuttings aug to sept
grow for 2-3wks, then pinch
more established will grow better
grow and light for 3-4wks
stop lighting and flowers in 8-10wks(variety specific |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
source of nutrients
supply a source of water
support the plant
provide adequate aeration and drainage |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| commercial purchase-convenience, shipped in 4-6cuft bags OR mix your own-require labor and equipment, better control and lower cost |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| from living sources, improve water holding, drainage and aeration, decompose slowly, improves exchange capacity(moves fertilizer better, reduces compaction |
|
|
Term
| Organic Ingredients Examples |
|
Definition
| Sphagnum Peat Moss, Composted Bark, Composted yard waste |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| come from non-living sources, improve aeration and drainage, improve cation exchange |
|
|
Term
| Inorganic ingredients Examples |
|
Definition
| Perlite, vermiculite, calcined clay(powder), rock wool, sand |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| media needs to be clean and free of harmful organisms from humans, tools, watering and soils, can be done by-chemical or steaming |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
soil/media needs to be the correct pH for plants to be healthy
normally at a slightly acidic level |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| clay pots, plastic containers |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| breaths, heavy, water alot |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| cheaper, not heavy, not water as much |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| standard, azalea, pan or bulb, flats |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| height x width=same ex:6"x6" |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| pan or bulb container type |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
industry standard-rectangle, bedding 10"x20"
houseplants, groundcovers-20"x20" |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| various mixtures of sand, silt and clay |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| how soil particles are arranged in clumps |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| extremely small and therefore hold water |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| 3-non-fertilizer nutrients, 3 primary nutrients, 3-secondary nutrients |
|
|
Term
| non fertilizer nutrients(macroelements) |
|
Definition
| come from air and water-hydrogen(H), Oxygen(O), carbon(C) |
|
|
Term
| how many essential elements |
|
Definition
| 17-9 macroelements, 8 microelements |
|
|
Term
| primary nutrients(macroelements) |
|
Definition
| nitrogen(N), Phosphorus(P), Potassium(K) |
|
|
Term
| Secondary nutrients(macroelements) |
|
Definition
| Calcium(Ca), Magnesium(Mg), Sulfur(S) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| iron(Fe), Copper(Cu), Zinc(Zn), Manganese(Mn), Boron(B), Molybdenum(Mo), Chlorine(Cl), Nickel(Ni) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| any substance mixed into a root medium that improves one or more of its physical properties |
|
|
Term
| cation exchange capacity (CEC) |
|
Definition
| measure of the ability of a root medium to attract and hold nutrients for plant use |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| small worm-like organism that commonly feeds on plant roots |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| heating soil at 140-160deg for 30 min in order to kill harmful organisms |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| grow a quality plant as quickly as possible |
|
|
Term
| primary elements/nutrients |
|
Definition
| nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| not currently used for greenhouse production-difficult to use(inconsistent nutrient levels), do not dissolve in water well |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| obtained from the earth or man made, easily dissolved, convenient to work with, easy to calculate the amount |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| dry, slow release(usually dry), liquid(#1 used in greenhouses) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| constant feed, intermittent, fertilizer injector |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| applied with every watering, low amounts used, also known as fertigation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| applied at regular intervals, amount of fertilizer in root system varies, constant better than spurts |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| small amount injected into water, dilution rate can be changed, stock tanks hold concentrated fertilizer |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| how fertilizer is measured, very accurate |
|
|
Term
| nitrogen deficiency symptoms |
|
Definition
| there is general chlorosis(yellowing) of the plant. as time progresses, the lower leaves turn brown and fall off. growth of the plant is stunted. |
|
|
Term
| phosphorus deficiency symptoms |
|
Definition
| there is stunting of the plant and poor bud formation. dark green foliage takes on a purplish cast, especially on lower part of the plant |
|
|
Term
| potassium deficiency symptoms |
|
Definition
| leaf margins first develop chlorosis and then turn brown in color. leaf tissue eventually dies. besides on the margins, discolored spotting may be scattered across the leaf, thes symptoms begin in the lowest part of the plant and progress upward |
|
|
Term
| calcium deficiency symptoms |
|
Definition
| young leaves are prominently malformed and often chlorotic. development of the stems growing point is arrested; root growth is poor |
|
|
Term
| magnessium deficiency symptoms |
|
Definition
| interveinal chlorosis(yellowing of the leaf between the veins) occurs in lower or older leaves and eventually progresses toward the top of the plant |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| young leaves develop intervenial chlorosis. damage is confined to upper portions of the plant |
|
|
Term
| boron deficiency symptoms |
|
Definition
| symptoms vary according to the affected species. death of the growing point followed by growth of many side shoots below it(called a witch's broom); young leaves becoming thick and leathery and often chlorotic; and young leaves becoming very wrinkled. damage is confined to upper portions of the plant |
|
|
Term
| molybdenum deficiency symptoms |
|
Definition
| symptoms, usually found only in poinsettias, develop in october. first margins of the middle leaves turn chlorotic. as chlorosis spreads inward, leaf margins turn brown and curl inward |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| yellowing of leaves from lack of chlorophyll |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| green pigment in plants that is responsible for photosynthesis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| elements essential to healthy plant growth, in relatively large amounts |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| elements essential to healthy plant growth in minute amounts |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| dissolved charged particles such as fertilizer chemical nutrients in water |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| procedure used on a fertilizer injector to verify the accuracy of its performance |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| dehydration of living tissues |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the three numbers of a fertilizer label that correspond to the percent weight of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| instrament used to measure the soluble salts concentration in root media and irrigation water |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| specified ratio of a fertilizer injector |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| assists in converting the sun's energy and other chemicals, such as nitrogen, into usable food for plants. A phosphorus deficiency will lead to stunted, sickly looking plants that produce a lower quality fruit or flower. must be mixed with water to absorb it from the soil |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
start seeds in flats
purchase plugs |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
largest area of floriculture
popular for instant color
used in parks, buildings and homes |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
little equipment required
good use of space
good for small growers |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
disease spread fast
seeds compete for nutrients and sunlight
transplanting can cause root damage
transplanting takes high labor |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
seeding machine for seed
each plant in its own cell
disease confined to cell area
evenly spaced
little to no transplant shock
transplanting faster
highly automated, seeding machine |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
requires specialized equipment
need more area
skilled personnel needed
usually large growers |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
soil pH 5.5-6.0
need good drainage and aeration
1:1 mix sand/peat moss or prelite/peat moss |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
keep moist but not soaked
temperature 70-80deg
bottom heat |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
overwatering/underwatering
damping off
transplanting timing |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| do not grasp by stem- use leaves |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
sow date
germination period
transplant date
sell date |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Chrysanthemum morifolium
pot and garden
2nd most popular(points 1st)
natural fall color
short day plant
you can get and grow year round
good keeping quality
easy to grow
variety of types and colors |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
done year round
tip stem cutting
2.5-3.5" long
70day, 60-62night
roots in 10-14 days
mist and bottom heat needed |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
needs well drained soil
pH 6-7
pasteurized before use
72-75day, 62-65night
too warm of temps causes heat delay
lower temp as color shows to increase intensity
have a high water requirement
dont let dry out
must have 12hrs plus of dark
shade march -sept
light from sept-march
constant feed fertilizer |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
4-5 plants per 6"pot @ 45deg angle
aphids, main one
leaf miner
disease-pythium and rhizoctonic
pinching to encourage branching
done 2wks after cutting is planted |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
removal of lateral buds to create one large flower
remove center bud for spray mum
done as soon as you can remove bud |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| crowding, pinch too high, too hot of temp or no black cloth can cause too tall of plants |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
pot rooted cuttings
grow 2wks and pinch
shade for needed time period
disbud during shading |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
christmas-schlumbergera bridhessi
easter-rhipsalidopsis
thanksgiving-schlumbergera truncata
tell them apart by leaf segments |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
cuttings
8-12mo from cutting to crop
peat-lite or perlite; well drained |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
pH 5.5-6
potting 3-4 cuttings per 4"pot
long nights-12hrs+dark
55deg
start in sept-oct
pest
root and stem rot
scale
mealybug |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
grown from bulb
cooling causes flowering
divide bulblets or leaf scales
2-3yrs from field to selling size
pH 6.5-6.7
peat lite mix
cooled 6wks at 40deg
dont let soil dry out
constant feed
aphids most common
root rot |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
grows from corm
well drained medium
pH5.5-6
never let dry out
too much fert gives leaves only
50-50night
seed sowin april for dec-jan flowers
cyclamen mite, aphid and spidermite
thrips, crown and root rot |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
rooted cuttings
stem tip cutting
bottom heat
55-60temp
5-10wks to root
can be grafted
pH 5-5.5
pure peat moss or peat sand mix
6wks at 45 or below
12wks at 65deg
day temp not over 85deg
constant feed
add iron once a mo
leaf miner, spider mite aphids
chlorosis, leaf spot, stem rot
pinch for more flowers |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
steady warmth
good constant light
high air humidity
regular feeding
careful watering
pH 6-7
constant feed
high sunlight burns leaves
69-70 day and night
leaf cuttings
mites, aphids, thrips, mealybugs
crown and root rot |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
prop from division or seeds
bark based soil
scale and root rot
fert-need some rest period
flowers only once a yr |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
prop from cuttings
75day, 65night
well drained soil
pH 6-6.5
fert 150-300ppm |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
division after flowering
pups develop
only flower once a yr
scale |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
cuttings
3-4 cuttings in 4" pot
usually mini type
aphids; leaf spot |
|
|
Term
| Quonset greenhouses can have no sidewall to a short sidewall |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The poinsettia was named for Joel Poinsett the Mexican ambassador to the U.S. |
|
Definition
| F, U.S. ambassador to Mexico |
|
|
Term
| most careers in greenhouse production required 4-year degrees |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| EC is for testing the level of nitrogen in the soil |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| an even span greenhouse can be made into a ridge and furrow by just adding more greenhouses |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| black cloth material should replace the light intensity to less than one or two foot candles |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| double poly is a layer of 2 films of plastic and filled with air |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| florida is the number 2 state in floriculture production due to the amount of cut flowers they grow |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| most pot plants will grow satisfactorily at a pH of 6.0-6.5 |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| aphids are the biggest pests of poinsettias |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| poinsettias are the number one grown pot plant |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| fiberglass is now the industry standard for greenhouse covering |
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Definition
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Term
| the primary heat source of any greenhouse is natural gas |
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Definition
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Term
| when watering by hand you should use a water breaker |
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Definition
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Term
| a headhouse can be an unused greenhouse or a specialty built building |
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Definition
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Term
| the saw tooth greenhouse is made to take advantage of the weather |
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Definition
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Term
| epsum salt is added to mums to improve the magnesium level |
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Definition
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Term
| lowering of the temperature 4 weeks before sales helps improve the poinsettias color |
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Definition
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Term
| on average it takes one week to root poinsettia cuttings |
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Definition
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Term
| the most common type of evaporative cooling system is the pad and fan system |
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Definition
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Term
| points are considered long day plants because of the needed long periods of darkness |
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Definition
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Term
| bench heating is more popular due to the increase in heating cost |
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Definition
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Term
| there are 2 major poinsettia physiological disorders; splitting and nutrient deficiencies |
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Definition
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Term
| there is no best type of greenhouse |
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Definition
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Term
| greenhouse shading is used to reduce the solar energy entering a greenhouse |
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Definition
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Term
| poinsettias are sold for their large colorful flowers |
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Definition
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Term
| gutter connected and ridge and furrow are the same type of greenhouses |
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Definition
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Term
| finger plan greenhouse ranges are the most land efficient greenhouses |
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Definition
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Term
| the controlling of the amount of light is the most important factorin the controlling of the flowering date of poinsettias |
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Definition
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Term
| the headhouse is used for storage of plant materials |
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Definition
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Term
| greenhouse heat is lost by conduction and radiation |
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Definition
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Term
| poinsettias like a lower pH then most pot plants |
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Definition
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Term
| photoperiod is the amount of light experienced in a 24-hour period |
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Definition
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Term
| both cyclic lighting and continuous lighting is used to break the dark cycle of long day plants |
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Definition
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Term
| greenhouse heating is based on the square feet of the area |
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Definition
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Term
| wooden framed greenhouses are the most popular because of the low cost |
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Definition
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Term
| even span greenhouses have more roof heat than quonset type |
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Definition
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Term
| greenhouse ventilation and cooling serves to |
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Definition
reduce excessive heat
maintain the optimum carbon dioxide level
reduce relative humidity |
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Term
| poinsettia cuttings root in |
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Definition
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Term
| wood is used for greenhouse frames because of |
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Definition
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Term
| greenhouse heating systems depend on |
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Definition
climate
fuel cost
size of greenhouse |
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Term
| height control can NOT be done by |
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Definition
| spacing, growth regulator, temperature |
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Term
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Definition
has a high profit
is done year round |
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Term
| who is credited with making the poinsettia the crop it is today |
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Definition
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Term
| what is the purpose of pinching poinsettias |
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Definition
| to encourage more side branches and ultimately more bracts(which grow at the end of each stem |
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Term
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Definition
| by the square footage, in a roll as one big piece that needs to be cut to specific size(around doors etc) |
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Term
| what is the purpose of bench heating systems, why use it |
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Definition
| conduct heat to the root zone of the plants, and improve air movement through the canopy |
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Term
| explain the difference between hard and soft pinch |
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Definition
soft-1/2-1"
hard 2-3"
taking a larger or smaller piece off the top/leader |
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Term
| why is grenhouse ventilation important |
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Definition
cut down or regulate humidity
too much of anything can be bad even air
too much moisture can cause pests and disease |
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Term
| what is the best way to prevent poinsettia disease |
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Definition
dont over water
apply fungicides
dont get leaves wet
gray molds caused by too wet of foliage and too cool of temps |
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Term
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Definition
| most transparent, not affected by UV rays so lasts longer, does not expand/contrast-no warping problems, readily available, expensive, breaks easily, heavy |
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Term
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Definition
double layer sheets, lightweight, dead air space insulates, not easily broken, good light transmission(82%)
not easily broken |
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Term
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Definition
fiberglass reinforced plastic
usually corugated
only last a few years before light transmission drops
surface of plastic becomes etched and then collects dust and debris which reduces light |
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Term
| selection of the righ medium is one of the most important factors in producing quality plants in the greenhouse |
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Definition
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Term
| if you have high soluble salts you most likely have a ferilizer problem |
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Definition
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Term
| DIF is a method of plant growth height control |
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Definition
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Term
| hydrated lime and dolomite limestone are used to raise the soil pH |
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Definition
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Term
| cost is the main reason for using commercially mixed soils |
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Definition
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Term
| pH governs the availability of fertilizer elements |
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Definition
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Term
| the temperature that soil needs o be heated to for disease control is 200deg |
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Definition
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Term
| fluctuation of ferilizer results in a more natural growing method |
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Definition
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Term
| a good complete pesticide application results in a complete control of greenhouse pests |
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Definition
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Term
| a fertilizer injector injects small amounts of concentrated liquid fertilizer directly into the water line or hose |
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Definition
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Term
| you can find the cost of a plastic container by looking up the price per hundred |
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Definition
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Term
| sterilization of soil is done before planting of crops and is done to kill weeds and bacteria |
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Definition
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Term
| besides flats of media, plants are propogated in peat disk, synthetic foam and rock wool |
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Definition
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Term
| one method of reducing growing cost is to use a tappered pot |
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Definition
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Term
| ideally a soil should be composed of 50 percent solid matter, 25% air and 25% water |
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Definition
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Term
| a positive DIF is best for controlling a plants height |
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Definition
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Term
| clay pots are better for plant growth than plastic pots |
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Definition
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Term
| media is pasteurized before use |
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Definition
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Term
| nitrogen and potassium are the most important nutrientss to pot plants |
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Definition
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Term
| coc mulch is being used to replace redwood bark in greenhouse soil mixes |
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Definition
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Term
| island benches are the best for retail sales |
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Definition
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Term
| slow release fertilizer is commonly mixed into the soil before use |
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Definition
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|
Term
| compare intermittent fertilizer to constant feed fertilizer |
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Definition
intermittent
applied at regular intervals
amount of fertilizer in root system varies
constant is better than intermittent
constant use
applied with every watering
low amounts used |
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Term
|
Definition
75% peat moss-to hold water
with
25% perlite-to create space for air and drainage |
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Term
| 3 functions of root media |
|
Definition
supply nutrients
supply water holding capacity
support the plant
provide aeration, drainage |
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Term
| explain the steps in finding the cost of the soil in a pot |
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Definition
| total amount of soil -divided by-total pots potted |
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Term
| how does a fertilizer injector work |
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Definition
add fertilizer at target rate to tank
set ppm gauge to appropriate setting
add water(if granules, mix till liquified) |
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Term
| 2 advantages and disadvantages of plastic pots |
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Definition
adv-
cheaper
light weight
disadv-
not as environmentally friendly
pots dont breath |
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Term
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Definition
greenhouse sanitation
physical control
biological control
pesticides |
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Term
| why are organic fertilizers not usually used in greenhouse production |
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Definition
not a consistent source, always varies
doesnt break down quickly enough |
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Term
| explain the difference between standard and azalea pot |
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Definition
standard-h x w =same
azalea- width larger than height |
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Term
| what is the best bench system and why |
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Definition
| rolling benches- creates largest production space for maximum plants to be grown and sold |
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Term
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Definition
| pinches out terminal bud to promote side shoots and denser flowering |
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Term
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Definition
| stem can become weak and not be able to hold/support flowers |
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