Term
| What is the key to carbohydrates? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The cecum is also known as a functional ____ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is found in green grass and is a good source of Vitamin A? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which mineral carries oxygen in the blood? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What makes up most of the blood? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What nutrient is both a lubricant and a regulator of body heat? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which of the energy-rich grains is safest and easiest to feed? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How much TDN does molasses contain? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The waste matter of digestion |
|
|
Term
| What is the main energy nutrient? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Total Digestable Nutrients |
|
|
Term
| It is estimated that a horse secretes how much saliva in 24 hours? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The important digestive action in the large intestine is because of ______ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Name the five basic horse coat colors. |
|
Definition
| Bay, black, brown, chestnut and white |
|
|
Term
| In addition to the five basic horse coat colors, what are the five major variations to these colors? |
|
Definition
| Dun (buckskin), grey, palomino, pinto and roan |
|
|
Term
| What is said to be the hardest color to describe, but the easiest to distinguish? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A sire's offspring are referred to as what? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the male parent or father? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The female parent in horses is referred to as the _____ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the scientific study of how characteristics are passed from parents to offspring? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What breed describes the ideal color as that of a newly minted coin? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are threadlike structures that appear in pairs of twins in body cells? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the units of inheritance? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the term for a mature female horse? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How many teeth does a mare have? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is it called when the lower jaw is shorter than the upper jaw? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How many teeth does a stallion or gelding have? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Teeth that are smallish and white with a distinct neck are called ______ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Does a horse have a gallbladder? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is a slow trot called? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A three-beat gait; a moderate, easy, collected gait |
|
|
Term
| How many inches make a hand? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The horny inside of a hoof is called ___ |
|
Definition
Laminae
(pronounce lamin-nee) |
|
|
Term
| Which gait is known as the foundation gait? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the three natural gaits of the horse? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Is the trot a lateral or diagonal gait? |
|
Definition
Diagonal
(where the diagonal pairs of legs move forward at the same time - right hind, left front, etc.) |
|
|
Term
| When loping, the horse's independent moving front leg is known as the ____ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the term for any mark or deformity that diminishes beauty but does not affect a horse's usefulness? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What term describes the period when a tooth breaks through the gum? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How many ribs does a horse have? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Why is a low center of gravity important? |
|
Definition
| It allows a horse to shift weight more easily to perform athletic maneuvers. |
|
|
Term
| What is a vertical crack on the side of the hoof called? |
|
Definition
| Quarter crack or sand crack |
|
|
Term
| The horse has what type of vision? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How are the horse's front legs attached to the rest of the body? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Can a horse see what he is eating? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Where is a horse's center of gravity? |
|
Definition
| At a point about 6 inches behind the elbow. |
|
|
Term
| At rest, which legs, front or rear, support more weight? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Where should a rider's weight be positioned to offer the greatest stability and least interference with a horse's motion? |
|
Definition
| As near as possible over the horse's center of motion |
|
|
Term
| Should withers be high and well defined or rounded? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Why would size of nostrils be important? |
|
Definition
| Large ones allow for maximum air intake. |
|
|
Term
| Is a sidebone a blemish or an unsoundness? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Is a cataract an unsoundness or a blemish? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What disease is the inflammation of the small navicular bone usually inside the front foot? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| If a horse has difficulty in breathing and/or lung damage, it is said to have ____. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Is navicular disease an unsoundness or a blemish? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What condition causes the hoof to turn up and develop rough, deep rings in the hoof wall? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Disease of the frog
(What is thrush? It's a bacterium that survives without the presence of oxygen, and thrives in moisture, and will eat your horse's frog. It can be almost always prevented with daily hygiene habits on your horse. It is common in the northeast, or anywhere there is a moist climate. It is also found in horses that have unclean areas to stand in.
Generally speaking, thrush is not deadly, but there have been times in the past where a horse has had to be put down due to the condition getting out of hand. Studies suggest that in minor cases, it takes about three days to arrive and see the symptoms, and about three days to get rid of it with proper measures and treatment.
The frog in your horse's foot has two layers, the external skin called "horn tissue" and the vascular layer underneath. Beneath the inner, sensitive layers lies a pad-like "shock absorber" that reduced impact for your horse's hoof and limb. This is called the deep digital cushion.) |
|
|
Term
| Is thrush an unsoundness or a blemish? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is a bog spavin and where is it found? |
|
Definition
| A meaty, soft swelling occurring on inner front part of the hock |
|
|
Term
| What is a bone spavin and where is it found? |
|
Definition
| A bony growth usually found on the inside lower point of the hock |
|
|
Term
| What is another term for a bone spavin? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A foal has a total of how many teeth? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Age can best be determined by examining what two aspects of the incisor teeth? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which teeth are used for determining the age of a horse? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Can canine teeth be found in a gelding? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is another name for canine teeth? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How many incisors are there in the upper jaw of the stallion? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Where in the mouth are the canine teeth located? |
|
Definition
| In the interdental space between the incisors and molars |
|
|
Term
| What does it mean if a horse has a full mouth? |
|
Definition
| The horse has a complete set of permanent incisors |
|
|
Term
| What is the interdental space? |
|
Definition
| The gum space between the incisor teeth and the molar teeth |
|
|
Term
| What is the star-shaped or circle-like structure near the center of the wearing surface of the permanent incisors? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| At what age is a horse normally referred to as being "smooth mouthed"? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Length of neck plays an important part in length of _____? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Mastication is also known as _____ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the first part of the digestive tract? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Where does bile come from? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the one-way action from the pharynx to the stomach called? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Compared to other farm animals, is the horse's stomach larger, smaller or about the same size? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Where is the horse's gallbladder located? |
|
Definition
| A horse has no gallbladder. |
|
|
Term
| Normally a horse voids how much feces per day? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What group registers and records thoroughbred horses? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The horse was reintroduced to North America by what group of people? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which Indian tribe developed the Appaloosa? |
|
Definition
Nez Perce
(pronounced nez purse) |
|
|
Term
| Before World War II, the horse's principal role was as a ______ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The horse had its beginnings about ____ million years ago. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Where did the horse originate? |
|
Definition
| North America (Great Plains) |
|
|
Term
| When did the Spaniards reintroduce the horse to North America? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How often should a horse be shod? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Filing of rough, irregular teeth to give a smoother grinding surface is called _____ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which side is the off side? |
|
Definition
| The right side of the horse |
|
|
Term
| What is the female foal up to 3 years old called? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What term is used when measuring the height of a horse? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the first stride in the lope or canter called? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which side is the near side? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How can a rider shift the center of gravity? |
|
Definition
| By shifting his or her weight from side to side or front to rear |
|
|
Term
| The horse is most useful between what ages? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A well-trained horse should travel at what speed when walking? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Horses that are stabled should be groomed how often? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Why is washing a poor substitute for regular grooming? |
|
Definition
| It removes the protective oil of the hair and skin |
|
|
Term
| What is the term for a castrated male horse? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| When cleaning the hoof, in which direction should the hoof pick be used? |
|
Definition
| From the heel toward the toe |
|
|
Term
| When should exercised horses be groomed? |
|
Definition
| Before leaving the stable or saddling and again when returned to the stable or unsaddled |
|
|
Term
| How often should an unshod horse have its hooves trimmed? |
|
Definition
| At least once a month (every 4 to 6 weeks) |
|
|
Term
| How much does a healthy hoof grow per month? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Shoes and trims horses' hooves |
|
|
Term
| What is the correct term for someone trained in horse shoeing? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which vice is known as biting or setting teeth against the manger or some other object while sucking air? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| One who rides a horse without control, letting the horse go as it wishes is know as _______ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the term for the lateral movement of the horse without forward or backward movement? |
|
Definition
| Side step, side pass or traverse |
|
|
Term
| One who is trained and skilled in the treating of diseases and injuries of animals is called a ____ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Name a material that currycombs are made of |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Name three grooming aids. |
|
Definition
| Currycomb, sweat scraper, body brush, mane and tail comb, hoof pick (also allow other items notlisted) |
|
|
Term
| What is the term for an acquired habit that is annoying, or may interfere with the horse's usefulness, such as cribbing? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| True neck reining is the response of your horse to the ____ of the rein against the neck. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A Shetland pony is disqualified from registration if it is over what height? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How many horses are used in a class for horse judging? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| True or False: Showmanship at halter is considered a halter class. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Should an exhibitor wear chaps during a showmanship class? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Is the confirmation of a horse considered a showmanship at halter class? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the three gaits performed in a western pleasure class? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is a perfect score in a horse-judging class? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the fifth gait requested of the American Saddle Horse? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A program of games on horseback |
|
|
Term
| Where is navicular disease found? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the common name for tetanus? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| When and where was Potomac horse fever first recognized? |
|
Definition
| 1979, in Maryland next to the Potomac River |
|
|
Term
| Potomac Horse fever has been confirmed in how many states? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| An animal's ability to resist or repel disease producing organisms is known as what? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What type of disease can be spread from one animal to another by direct or indirect contact? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is a means of artificially stimulating the immunity of an animal without actually giving it the disease? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| An animal capable of shedding disease causing organisms is know as a _____ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Can a vaccination provide permanent immunity? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the term given to acute abdominal pain that may be caused by a great variety of disorders? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the common name for encephalomyelitis? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Is tetanus caused by a virus or bacteria? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Name the three parts that compse the bridle. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The toothed wheels on spurs are called _______ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the wooden or metal frame of a saddle called? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the ownership dealine for competing in district and state 4-H horse shows? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| If you knock over a pole in Pole Bending, what is the penalty? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In state and district shows, how many horses can a 4-H owner enter in each qualifying division? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How many barrels are in barrel racing? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| True or False: In the timed event classes, the wearing of a hat is mandatory. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How many poles in the stakes race for 4-H? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How many cones are in the stakes race? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In Western Pleasure, which gait is not asked for: walk, jog, counter canter or lope? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How many poles make up the Pole Bending pattern? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In Pole Bending, how far apart, in feet, are the poles positioned? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In Western Pleasure, which direction should the horse be reversed toward? |
|
Definition
| The center of the arena, away from the rail |
|
|
Term
| In Pole Bending, how far from the starting line is the first pole? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In the Hunter Horsemanship class, when horses are worked on the rail, they should execute a reverse in which direction? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Name the three roping events of rodeo. |
|
Definition
| Calf roping, steer roping and team roping |
|
|
Term
| What is a stirrup cover called? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A displaced patella of the stifle joint is called ____. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the familiar name for the disease caused by the streptococcus equi bacteria? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is a cross between a jack and a mare? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| True or False: The slowest horse in a class should always win. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Name the five gaits of the five-gaited horse. |
|
Definition
| Walk, trot, canter, slow gait and rack |
|
|
Term
| What is the written record of the ancestry of an animal called? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the rising and descending of the rider with the rhythm of the trot? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How tall was the eohippus? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Name the original ancestor of the horse. |
|
Definition
| Eohippus (pronounced e - o - hippus) |
|
|
Term
| Name four natural aids used to control the horse. |
|
Definition
| Legs, hands, weight and voice |
|
|
Term
| What is an unbranded stray? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Name two of the glands secreting juices into the small intestine that influence digestion. |
|
Definition
| Pancreas, liver and intestinal glands |
|
|
Term
| What is the hollow tube that extends from the mouth to the anus? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A nervous disorder characterized by excessive jerking of the hind leg. |
|
|
Term
| Name two common areas where ruptures or hernias occur. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are bowed tendons and where are they found? |
|
Definition
| They are enlarged, stretched flexor tendons behind the cannon bones. |
|
|
Term
| What hoof condition is caused by overfeeding, severe concussion or disease, and abnormal management? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A cloudy or opaque appearance of the eye. |
|
|
Term
| Where is the horse's center of motion located? |
|
Definition
| Approximately over the 15th vertebra. |
|
|
Term
| Where do the muscles that control leg movements terminate? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Cannon, pastern and foot action are controlled by what two things? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| When referring to foot action, what is meant by height? |
|
Definition
| The amount of elevation in the stride, determined by the radius of the arc. |
|
|
Term
| What is the labial surface of a horse's teeth? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the five categories of judging a halter horse? |
|
Definition
| Balance, muscling, structure, quality and travel |
|
|
Term
| A well-balanced horse will divide into three equal parts. Name those parts. |
|
Definition
| Front shoulder, middle barrel and rear hip. |
|
|
Term
| What kind of tissue moves the skeleton? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What does "quality of muscle" refer to? |
|
Definition
| Muscle attachment pattern |
|
|
Term
| What are the two criteria in which muscles are evaluated? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which should be wider when viewed from the rear: the stifle or the top of hip? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Length of stride is best evaluated from what position of view? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The width between a horse's eyes affects its ____ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The main tube of the respiratory system is called the _______ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is a "cooled out" horse? |
|
Definition
| One that is neither hot to the touch nor breathing hard |
|
|
Term
| Name three parts of the hoof. |
|
Definition
| Toe, quarter, white line, heel, wall, frog, sole and buttress |
|
|
Term
| What is the horny growth on the inside of the horse's leg called? |
|
Definition
| Chestnuts, also called night eyes. |
|
|
Term
| What is the horny growth behind the fetlocks joint called? |
|
Definition
| Ergot (pronounced er-go in French; may be er-got in English) |
|
|
Term
| The top of a horse's head just behind the ears is called the _________ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Movement of stomach and intestines, and elimination of residue are called ________ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Name two parts of a horse's large intestine. |
|
Definition
| Cecum, large colon, small colon and rectum. |
|
|
Term
| How long is the large colon? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the capacity of the large colon? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the scientific name for the egg? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Much of the reproductive process is regulated by which gland? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Gestation requires how many days? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What does a follicle contain? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How do nutrients pass from the mare to the fetus? |
|
Definition
| From the mare into the placenta and then through the navel cord to the fetus. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Striking the undersurface of the front foot with the toe of the rear foot. |
|
|
Term
| What is monocular vision? |
|
Definition
| The ability to see separate objects with each eye at the same time. |
|
|
Term
| What is the area between the loin and the tail head called? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How many ovaries does a mare have? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A female organ that produces eggs. |
|
|
Term
| What is the placenta commonly called? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Where is the pituitary gland located? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the common term for parturition? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The pregnancy process is also known as _______ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Why is the mare called polyestrous (poly es-trus)? |
|
Definition
| Because she cycles continuously throughout the breeding season in the absence of conception. |
|
|
Term
| Mares that exhibit no outward signs of estrus during the winter months are said to be ______ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The unborn animal as it develops in the uterus is known as the ____________ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Name three of the five types of nutrients a horse needs. |
|
Definition
| Energy nutrients, proteins, vitamins, minerals and water |
|
|
Term
| An adult horse's body is about what percentage of water? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the three main types of feed? |
|
Definition
| Roughages, concentrates and mixed feeds |
|
|
Term
| All carbohydrates are made up of what three elements? |
|
Definition
| Carbon, hydrogen and oxygen |
|
|
Term
| Fat has how many times more energy per gram than carbohydrate? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What does PRCA stand for? |
|
Definition
| Professional Rodeo Cowboys Association |
|
|
