Term
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Definition
| second messenger of the body, chemical messengers |
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Term
| what processes do hormones control? |
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Definition
-reproduction
-growth and development
-mobilization of body defenses
-maintenance of homeostasis
-regulation of metabolism |
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Term
| what are hormones composed of? |
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Definition
-amino acids
-protiens
-peptides
-amines
-steroids (cholesterol)
-prostaglandins (highly active lipids) |
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Term
| How does the steroid hormone enter the cell? |
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Definition
| lipid soluable, diffuses through the plasma membrane of target cells, enters the nucleus |
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Term
| How does a nonsteroid hormone enter the cell? |
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Definition
| binds to a membrane receptor, doesn't enter cell directly, activates enzymes |
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Term
| How are hormone levels maintained in the blood? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| hangs by hypothalamus, protected by the sphenoid bone, has two lobes: anterior and posterior |
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Term
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Definition
| Growth Hormone, Prolactin (PRL), Adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH), thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), Gonadotrophic hormones (FSH, Luteinizing hormone (LH) |
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Term
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Definition
| Oxytocin, Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) |
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Term
| Pituitary-Hypothalamus relationship? |
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Definition
release of hormones is controlled by hormones produced from hypothalamus
posterior pituitary not strictly endocrine gland, but does release hormones |
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Term
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Definition
Prolactin:
stimulates and maintains milk production following childbirth |
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Term
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Definition
| Adrenocorticotrophic hormone: regulates endocrine activity of thyroid |
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Term
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Definition
| Thryoid Stimulating Hormone: influences growth and hormonal activity of the thyroid |
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Term
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Definition
follicle stimulating hormone:
stimulates follicle development in ovaries
stimulates sperm development in males |
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Term
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Definition
| luteinizing hormone: triggers ovulation, causes ruptured follicle to become corpus luteum, stimulates testosterone production in males |
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Term
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Definition
| stimulates contractions of uterus during labor, causes milk ejection |
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Term
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Definition
| Antidiuretic hormone: can inhibit urine production, causes vasoconstriction leading to high blood pressure |
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Term
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Definition
| found at the base of the throat, consists of two lobes, produces thyroid hormone and calcitonin |
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Term
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Definition
| major metabolic hormone, composed of t4 and t3` |
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Term
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Definition
| decreases blood calcium levels by causing deposition on bone |
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Term
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Definition
| tiny masses on posterior thyroid, secrete PTH, stimulates osteoclasts and kidneys, raises calcium levels in the blood |
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Term
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Definition
| two glands, sits on top of kidneys, adrenal cortex and adrenal medulla |
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Term
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Definition
| mineralacarticoids, glucocorticoids, sex hormones |
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Term
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Definition
| regulate mineral content in blood, water, and electrolyte balance, target organ is kidney |
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Term
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Definition
| includes cortisone and cortisol, promote normal cell metabolism, helps resist long term stressers |
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Term
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Definition
| androgens for males and estrogen for females |
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Term
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Definition
| produces epinephrine and nonepinephrine, helps body prepare for short term stress |
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Term
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Definition
| produces insulin and glucagon |
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Term
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Definition
| allows glucose to cross plasma membranes into cells from beta cells |
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Term
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Definition
| allows glucose to enter blood from alpha cells |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| secretes melatonin (establishes body's wake and sleep cycles) |
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Term
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Definition
| produces thymosin which matures white blood cells |
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Term
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Definition
| Estrogen and Progesterone |
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Term
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Definition
| produced by placenta, stimulates development of secondary female characteristics, matures female reproductive organs, helps prepare uterus to recieve fertilized egg, helps maintain pregnancy, helps breasts produce milk |
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Term
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Definition
| produced by corpus luteum, acts with estrogen to bring about menstral cycle, helps with the implantation of an embryo in uterus |
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Term
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Definition
| responsible for male secondary sex characteristics, promotes growth and maturation of male reproductive system, required for sperm cell production |
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Term
| male secondary sex characteristics |
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Definition
| hair growth, deepening of the voice, muscle growth, sperm production |
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Term
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Definition
| menopause, reduced estrogen, decline on growth hormone production, many endocrine glands reduce output with age |
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Term
| What was wrong with Eric? |
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Definition
| tumor in the pituitary gland, caused weird abundance in growth hormone, FSH made him sterile in sperm production |
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Term
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Definition
| keeps blood sugar within normal levels |
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