Term
| who came up with the magnitude scale? |
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Definition
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Term
| what is the equation to determine the intesity ratio of two stars with different magnitudes? |
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Definition
| subtract the larger magnitude (dimmer) from the smaller magnitude and enter it into calculator as 2.512 ^ (answer from subtraction) |
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Term
| what is the equation to determine the magnitude difference of two stars? |
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Definition
| enter in calculator: LOG(dimmer star/brighter star) and multiple this by 2.512 |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| by their Greek letter for brightness in that constellation (alpha=brightest, beta=2nd brightest) |
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Term
| At what magnitude do we start to have difficulty seeing stars? |
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Definition
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Term
| what's ano word for zenith? |
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Definition
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Term
| what's ano word for zenith? |
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Definition
| altitude above the horizon |
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Term
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Definition
| it goes North to South and splits the sky east and west |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| 90 degrees from the zenith |
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Term
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Definition
the distance light can travel in a year
(about 10 trillion km) |
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Term
| how many arcminutes are in one degree? |
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Definition
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Term
| how many arcseconds are in an arcminute? |
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Definition
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Term
| what is one finger about equivalent to in degrees? |
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Definition
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Term
| what is a fist about equivalent to in degrees? |
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Definition
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Term
| what is a stretched out palm about equivalent to in degrees? |
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Definition
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Term
You live at a latitude of 73° N. What is the angle
between the northern horizon and the north celestial
pole? |
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Definition
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Term
| Where in the sky (North, South, East, or West) would stars appear to be moving counterclockwise at the north pole? |
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Definition
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Term
| Where in the sky (North, South, East, or West) would stars appear to be moving upwards (rising) at the north pole? |
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Definition
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Term
| Where in the sky (North, South, East, or West) would stars appear to be moving in a rainbow-shaped motion at the north pole? |
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Definition
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Term
| how much of the night sky is north of the celestial equator? |
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Definition
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Term
| to what degree is our earth's axis tilted? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| the "wobble" of the earth's rotation that occurs about every 26,000 years |
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Term
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Definition
| the sun's apparent path on the sky |
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Term
| What DOES NOT contribute to the changes in the seasons? |
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Definition
| the "distance" from the sun |
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Term
| What does determine the seasons? |
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Definition
| the amount of sun and the angle of the sun (more direct sunlight/longer day=warmer) |
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Term
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Definition
| the point when the earth is closest to the sun |
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Term
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Definition
| the point when the earth is furthest from the sun |
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Term
| What three factors contribute to the Milankovich hypothesis? |
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Definition
Eccentricity of Earth’s orbit around the Sun
(varies over period of ~100,000 years)
• Precession (period of ~26,000 years)
• Inclination of Earth’s axis versus orbital plane |
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Term
| what IS the Milankovich Hypothesis? |
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Definition
Changes in all
three of the factors are responsible for
long-term global climate changes (ice ages) |
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Term
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Definition
All planets in
almost circular
(elliptical) orbits
around the Sun,
in approx. the
same plane
(ecliptic) AND
Sense of
revolution:
counter-clockwise |
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Term
| Which planets are almost never visible with the naked eye? |
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Definition
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Term
| about when would you see Mars? |
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Definition
| shortly after sunset or shortly before sunrise for a short while |
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Term
| about when would you see Venus? |
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Definition
| for a few hours after sunset or before sunrise |
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Term
The moon has an angular diameter of 0.5°.
What is the moon's angular diameter in minutes
of arc? |
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Definition
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Term
| If you were standing on the moon, what phase would the earth be in? |
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Definition
| the opposite of the moon (if it's a new moon, it's a full earth, etc.) |
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Term
| in what direction does the moon across the sky? |
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Definition
| eastward (rises in the west) |
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Term
| at about what time does a last quarter (3rd quarter) moon rise? |
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Definition
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Term
The ____ moon is visible above the eastern
horizon a couple of hours before sunrise. |
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Definition
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Term
| how long is the synodic period? |
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Definition
| 29.5 days (how long it takes the moon to reach the same spot relative to the sun) |
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Term
| how long is the sidereal period? |
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Definition
| 27.3 days (how long it takes to orbit earth) |
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Term
On a clear night when an observer in Los Angeles
sees a first quarter Moon, an observer in London
would see _____. |
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Definition
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Term
| what is the lighter shadow the earth has called? |
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Definition
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Term
| what is earth's darker shadow called? |
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Definition
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Term
| if the entire moon enters the umbra we have a _____. |
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Definition
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Term
During a total eclipse, the Moon has a
faint, red glow, why? |
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Definition
it's reflecting sunlight
scattered in the Earth’s atmosphere. |
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Term
| what phase must the moon be in to have a total lunar eclipse? |
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Definition
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Term
| would the sun be hidden behind the earth if you were standing on the moon during a total lunar eclipse? |
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Definition
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Term
| true or false: the sun and moon have equal angular diameters? |
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Definition
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Term
| what can be seen during a total solar eclipse? |
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Definition
| the corona (chromosphere and prominence) |
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Term
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Definition
| when the moon is closest to the earth |
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Term
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Definition
| when the moon is furthest from the earth |
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Term
| what's another way of saying total solar eclipse? |
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Definition
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Term
| when does an annular solar eclipse occur? |
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Definition
| when the earth is at perihelion and the moon is at apogee |
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Term
| about how long is the saros cycle? |
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Definition
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Term
In early astronomy, it was almost universally believed
that ____________. |
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Definition
| the earth was at the center of the universe (geocentric) |
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Term
| What are some clues of ancient astronomy? |
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Definition
| Stonehenge, the Mayans, the Anasazi, etc. |
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Term
| If the Earth's tilt were 13.5 degrees instead of 23.5 degrees, the path of the Sun would be |
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Definition
| Not as far north in summer nor as far south in winter. |
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Term
| Just as the Sun sets, the shadows are: |
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Definition
| Always the same length BUT pointed to a different compass point according to the season. |
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Term
| how many degrees does the moon's position change from one day to the next? |
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Definition
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Term
| TRUE OR FALSE The full moon is never visible at noon. |
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Definition
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Term
| The amount of time between two solar eclipses visible from the same location is about |
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Definition
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Term
Imagine that Earth did not turn on its axis.
What would be true about the ecliptic? |
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Definition
| It would still be defined and could be seen from all points on Earth, but only when they faced the sun |
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Term
| Imagine the earth did not turn on its axis what else would be true? |
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Definition
| The day would be the same length as the year. |
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Term
| In one cycle of lunar phases, each crescent and gibbous phase has a duration of about how long? |
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Definition
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Term
| If you could see the sun and stars during the daytime for several weeks, you would notice that the sun is doing what? |
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Definition
| moving slowly eastward relative to the stars |
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Term
| About how many days must elapse between first-quarter moon and third-quarter moon? |
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Definition
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Term
| TRUE OR FALSE During a solar eclipse, the moon casts a shadow on Earth. |
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Definition
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Term
| The sun is about ____ times the diameter of Earth. |
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Definition
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Term
| Earth is about ____times the diameter of the moon |
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Definition
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Term
| What types of distances are typically listed in astronomical units (AU)? |
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Definition
| distances in the solar system |
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Term
| A total solar eclipse occurs when the moon is...? |
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Definition
| new and near the ecliptic |
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Term
| If the moon is at one of its nodes, it must be...? |
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Definition
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Term
| Where is the sun in the winter? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| a larger circle in Ptolemy's theory |
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Term
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Definition
| a small circle in Ptolemy's theory |
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Term
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Definition
| the planets' speeds vary because the circle is slightly off center in Ptolemy's theory |
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