Term
| blood gasses, ion conc/water, blood pressure, hormones |
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Definition
| homeostasis regulates 4 things |
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Term
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Definition
| two examples of positive feedback |
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Term
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Definition
| diffusion of fluid to interstitial space depends on _____ thus capillaries must be nearby |
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Term
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Definition
| diffusion depends on a _____ or ______ difference |
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Term
| 142 mEq/L outside, and 10 inside |
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Definition
| concentration of sodium outside the cell and inside |
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Term
| outside 4 mEq/L, inside 140 |
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Definition
| Concentration of K+ inside/outside cell |
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Term
| outside 2.4 mEq/L, insidee 0.0001 |
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Definition
| concentration of calcium inside/outside cell |
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Term
| 103 mEq/L outside, 4 inside |
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Definition
| concentration of Cl- inside and outside cell |
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Term
| nucleus, because they diffuse easily through the membrane |
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Definition
| location of lipid/steroid receptors |
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Term
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Definition
| ions and water must go through the membrane via |
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Term
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Definition
| where are receptors for charged molecules? |
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Term
| voltage gating & chemical gating |
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Definition
| how are gated channels gated (2 ways) |
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Term
| changes in the membrane potential cause a conformational change in the protein gate |
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Definition
| how does voltage gating work? |
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Term
| some protein channel gates are opened by binding of another molecule with the protein (causing conf change to open/close the gate) |
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Definition
| how does chemical gating work? |
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Term
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Definition
| whats one of the most important examples of chemical gating? |
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Term
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Definition
| what is significant about the 4th transmembrane loop of a voltage gated channel? |
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Term
| part of a voltage gated channel that changes the selectivity/specificity |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| how many gates are on the sodium channel? |
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Term
| sodium and potassium channels |
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Definition
| what are the 2 examples of volage gated ion channels? |
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Term
| -90mV, activation gate closed, inactivation gate open |
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Definition
| when the sodium channel is resting, what is the voltage, and what is the gate doing? |
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Term
| -90mV - +35mV, both gates are open |
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Definition
| when is the sodium channel activated, and what gates are open? |
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Term
| +35 to -90mV, the inactivation gate is closed , activation gate still open(to re-activate the gates switch) |
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Definition
| when is the sodium channel inactivated, and what gates are open? |
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Term
| it has an inactivation gate |
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Definition
| why does the sodium channel open/close faster than the K+ channel |
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Term
| receptor operated, and G-protein linked channels |
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Definition
| what are the 2 types of chemical gated channels? |
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Term
| acetylcholine nicotinic receptor, the channel must bind 2 acetylcholine molecules to open, sodium flows through (K+ can too) seratonin type 3 receptor |
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Definition
| what is the example of receptor operated ion channels (describe it) |
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Term
| acetylcholine nicotinic receptor |
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Definition
| what is an example of an ionotropic receptor? |
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Term
| cardiac acetylcholine muscarinic receptor |
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Definition
| example of g protein linked ion channel with chemical gating |
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Term
| potassium, the inside of the cell is made more negative because potassium flows out |
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Definition
| what flows through the cardiac acetylcholine....channel, and what happens |
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Term
| beta and gamma subunit of the g protein |
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Definition
| what opens the cardiac acetylcholine... channel? |
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Term
| the cardiac acetylcholine muscarinic receptor |
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Definition
| what is the example given of a metabotropic receptor? |
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Term
| DAG activates protein kinase C, then stuff gets phosphorylated |
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Definition
| what is the 2nd example of G protein linked channels, and how does it work |
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Term
| ionotropic-metabo has to go through a long signaling path to change the metabolism |
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Definition
| which receptor is faster? ionotropic or metabotropic? |
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Term
| glut1 glucose transporter |
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Definition
| what is the example of carrier mediated diffusion? |
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Term
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Definition
| what transporter is sensitized in diabetes? |
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Term
| d = p * a (diffusion = permeability * total area of membrane) |
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Definition
| what is the equation for diffusion coefficient? |
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Term
| thickness of membrane, lipid solubility of compound, water solubility of compound, temperature, molecular weight (how many holes/channels in membrane) |
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Definition
| what affects membrane permeability (5 things) |
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Term
| diffusion coefficient, membrane permeability, concentration difference, electrical potential, pressure |
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Definition
| what 5 things affect the net rate of simple diffusion? |
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Term
| facillitated diffusion, its the maximum rate of diffusion determined by the concentration of carrier molecules and rate of movement of carrier molecules across the channel ex: glut 1 or glut 4 |
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Definition
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Term
| movement of molecules against a concentration gradient. all forms require E and a carrier protein, yes has Vmax |
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Definition
| what is active transport? does it show a vmax? |
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Term
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Definition
| source of energy is ATP breakdown directly |
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Term
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Definition
| what is the main example of primary active transport? |
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Term
| since 2 K+ go in the cell and 3Na go out (both against their gradients), there is a net negative charge in the cell. |
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Definition
| what is the charge result of the Na/K+ pump? |
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Term
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Definition
| what maintains osmotic pressure |
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Term
| inhibit the Na/K+ pump, important in excitability of cardiac myocyte membrane |
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Definition
| what do digoxin and oubain do? |
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Term
| secondary active transport |
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Definition
| uses energy of one solute moving with the concentration gradient(created with primary active transport earlier) to move another substance against the concentration gradient |
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Term
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Definition
| symport, both ions in the same direction one "uphill" one "downhill" |
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Term
| exchangers/coutertrasport |
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Definition
| antiport, ions move in separate directions (one uphill and one downhill) |
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Term
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Definition
| what molecule do secondary active transport pumps usually use? |
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Term
| sodium/aminoacid transporter, sodium/phosphate transporter |
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Definition
| what are the 2 examples of cotransport? |
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Term
| sodium calcium 3:1, and sodium hydrogen 1:1 |
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Definition
| what are the examples of countertransport exchangers? |
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Term
| 4 unit proteins called aquaporins |
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Definition
| how does water move into a cell? |
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Term
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Definition
| solvent moving from area of high solvent concentration to low |
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Term
| semipermeable membrane, concentration of solute(osmolarity) determines movement |
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Definition
| membrane where water can move, ions cannot, how is movement determined? |
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Definition
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