Term
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Definition
| A set of propositions that explain the relationships among phenomena. A model to explain what we observe, simplifies complex realities. |
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Term
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Definition
| Educated guess. Must be testable. It's what you think is going to happen. Hypotheses are developed from theories. The more hyp's we prove from theories, the stronger the theories become. |
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Term
| Descriptive Research Design |
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Definition
| Quantitative. Non-experimental. Simple descriptive information about the frequency or amount of something. |
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Term
| Comparative Research Design |
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Definition
| Quantitative. Non-experimental. Descriptions of the differences between groups. |
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| Correlational Research Design |
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Definition
| Quantitative. Non-experimental. Descriptions of the relationships between or among variables. |
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Term
| Ex post facto Research Design |
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Definition
| Identifies interventions that occurred in the past and subsequent responses in such a way that it may be possible to draw causal relationships between them |
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Term
| Quasi-experimental Research Design |
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Definition
| non-random assignment of subjects to groups |
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Term
| True experimental research design |
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Definition
| random assignment of subjects to groups |
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Term
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Definition
| Quantitative. Experimental. An investigation describing current status of a variable or the relationships, other than causal, among variables |
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Term
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Definition
| quantitative. Experimental. an investigation characterized by the direct manipulation of control of one variable (e.g. cause) so its effect can be seen on another variable (e.g. effect). All other variables are controlled. |
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Term
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Definition
| statistical procedures that summarize a set of numbers in terms of central tendency, variation, or relationships. Frequency Distributions, Central Tendency, Variability, Relationship. Mean, median, mode. |
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Term
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Definition
| Allow you to infer something about the population based on the findings in a sample |
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Term
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Definition
| Descriptive stat. an organization of the data set indicating the number of time (frequency) each score was present |
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Term
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Definition
| Descriptive stats. typical score. mean, mode, median. |
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Definition
| Descriptive stats. how different the scores are. standard deviation, range. |
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Term
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Definition
| descriptive stat. how two sets of scores related to each other (correlation, scatterplots) |
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Term
| Conceptual Definition of Variables |
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Definition
| the definition found in the dictionary. |
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Term
| Operational Definition of Variable |
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Definition
| Define variables based on how they are measured. e.g. define motivation by how often students attend class. |
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Term
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Definition
| The variable that comes first and influences or predicts. Variable you manipulate. |
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Term
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Definition
| Affected and predicted by the dependent variable |
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Term
| Extraneous/Confounding Variables |
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Definition
| External variables that mess up the data. |
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Term
| Human Participant Protection |
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Definition
| Autonomy, Beneficence, Justice |
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Term
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Definition
| Human Participant Protection. freedom of choice to participate in a study. Informed consent, disclosure of information, participant can drop out at any time. |
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Term
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Definition
| Human Participant Protection. protecting people by weighing the risk vs. benefit. |
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Term
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Definition
| Human Participant Protection. Make sure the participants receive the benefits of the research. Want to include as many types of people as possible so we can use study to apply results to many types of people and treat them all. |
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Term
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Definition
| Nominal, ordinal, interval, ratio |
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Term
| Nominal Measurement scale |
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Definition
| Categorical. Named categories.e.g. gender, race, religion. Bar graph. Mode |
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Term
| Ordinal Measurement Scale |
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Definition
| Categorical. ordered categories. e.g. finishing position in a race. ranks do not indicate differences between them. bar graph. Mode |
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Term
| Interval Measurement Scale |
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Definition
| Continuous data. equal intervals on a scale. subtraction makes sense, division doesn't. temperature in F or C, IQ. Arbitrary zero. Frequency polygon. histogram. median, mean |
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Term
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Definition
| Continuous Data. equal intervals and an absolute zero. subtraction and division make sense). height, weight, income. can say something is twice as big as something else. frequency polygon or histogram, median, mean |
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Term
| Measures of Central Tendency |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| range, standard deviation |
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Term
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Definition
| The extent to which inferences are appropriate, meaningful, and useful. can't say that a test is/isn't valid. have to say "its a valid/invalid test for___ for the purpose of ____. |
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Term
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Definition
| consistency of measurement. if not reliable, not valid. |
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