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| know your place in society and act accordingly; an ethical imperative |
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| Chinese philosiphy advocating humility and religous piety; everything should be abandoned in favor of simplicity |
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| the most important text of Daoism; everything you do should be with a sense of balance and fairness |
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| balance; unity of opposites within a circle; harmonious balance of opposites |
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| collection of Confucius' short philosophical extracts; how to maintain happiness in your place in society and how to live comfortably with other people |
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| the changing of wine and bread into flesh and blood |
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| the visual imagery that conveys specific concepts and ideas; symbols have meaning |
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| earliest Christian symbol; fish |
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| underground complex consisting of burial chambers and galleries with recesses for tombs; under the streets of Rome |
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| resemble the cross and shepard's crook; first and last Greek letters of Christos |
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| first and last letters of the Greek alphabet |
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| infinity and resurrection; symbol of eternal life |
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| burial container for bodies |
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| bishop's ceremonial seat; bishop was the judge in legal cases; where he sat when giving judgment |
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| cross shaped architectural layout |
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| open, colonnaded court in front of and attached to Christian basilica |
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| porch or vestibule at the main entrance of a church |
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| central aisle of a church between the altar and the apse, usually demarcated form the side aisles by columns or piers |
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| part of a basilica-plan church that runs perpindicular to the nave |
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| head of the cross; separated from the nave with an arch |
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| portion of a basilica flanking the nave and separated from it by a row of columns or piers |
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| the arcaded gallery below the clerestory in a basilica |
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| upper part of the nave, whose walls contain openings for light |
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| supports the dome; smaller vaults that take the weight of the big vault down to the ground |
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| architectural layout in which the parts of the structure are of equal or almost equal dimensions around the center |
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| all heads are placed at one level; used in Byzantine art |
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| the image of a saint or other religious figure |
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| all things pervading from the divine spirit; God is everything |
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| all pervading, infinite cosmic force |
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| the self; the soul seeking unity with Brahman |
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| union of the Brahman and the Atman; rejection of the material world |
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| legacy of accumulated lives in cycle of reincarnation; rebirth of soul into another body |
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| the path to nirvana, comprising eight aspects in which an aspirant must become practiced |
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the four central beliefs containing the essence of Buddhist teaching
1. pain is universal
2. desire causes pain
3. ceasing to desire relieves pain
4. right conduct leads to release from pain |
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| an instructional chapter or discourse in any of the sacred books of Buddhism |
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| a symbolic gesture commonly used in Buddhist art |
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| a mount of earth encased by brick or stone; visit it to mediate and is a man-made mountain |
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| gate that marks the cardinal points of the compass and are carved with the symbols of the Buddha and his teachings at the stupa |
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| an east Asian shrine in the shape of a tower, usually with roots curving upward at the division of each of several stories |
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| beings who have reached enlightenment but who, out of compassion, have held back from entering nirvana until the very last soul has been brought to enlightenment |
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| the writing is the art of Islam since it was forbidden to depict the human body in Islamic art |
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| characterized by or decorated with regular lines and shapes |
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| decorated with or depicting flowers |
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| handwriting or penmanship, especially elegant writing as decorative art |
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| type of ornament featuring intertwined leaf and flower forms |
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| forms that are intricately laced together; detailed decoration |
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| place of prayer in Islamic worship |
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| towers form which muezzins call the faithful to prayer |
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| niche in the wall of a mosque marking the direction toward Mecca (east) |
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| gold-surfaced; covered with a thin layer of gold, gold paint or gold foil |
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| fine plater used for coating wall surfaces or molding into architectural decorations; textured; very complex and detailed |
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| site in Suffolk of a Saxon ship burial of the seventh century, containing magnificent grave goods |
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| an enameling technique produced by pouring molten colored glass between thin metal strips secured to a metal surface |
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| animal-shaped; having the form of an animal |
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| luxurious handmade book with painted illustrations and decorations |
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| pursued dream of restoring Roman Empire under Christianity; crowned the first "Holy Roman Emperor" (christian emperor); rebirth in lost wax casting; rebirth in literacy, art and culture, link with Baghdad, opened trade routes, encouraged scholarship |
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| writers of the 4 gospels (Matthew, John, Luke, mark) |
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| collection of Biblical psalms |
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| in feudal society, land or property given to a warrior in return for military service |
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| courtly love was cultivated by the aristocracy, and involved the longing of a nobleman for an unattainable woman |
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| communal way of living within the Church, apart from the world so monks could devote their lives and thoughts to God |
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| rules written by Saint Benedict for monks living communally under an abbot's authority; oath of poverty, chastity, and humility |
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| armed pilgrimages aimed at recapturing the Holy Land from people of the Islamic faith |
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| Bible says that the end of the world will happen at the millennium |
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| visionary set of mind that reflects an intuitive and direct knowledge of God and the supernatural |
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| in medieval churches, chapels for the display of relics that opened directly onto the ambulatory and the transept |
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| covered walkway outdoors (as in a church cloister) or indoors; especially the passageway around the apse and choir of a church |
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| a monastery courtyard, usually with covered walks or ambulatories along its sides; place for monks to walk, read and think during mediation |
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| doorway, gate or other entrance, especially a large and imposing one |
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| space enclosed by a lintel and an arch over a doorway |
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| in Romanesque or Gothic architecture, one of the series of concentric bands framing the tympanum |
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| in architecture, the side posts of a doorway |
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| in church architecture, the pillar or center post supporting the lintel in the middle of the doorway |
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| stories of the Bible and visions on the saints at the uppermost part of the column |
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| beginning of logical thinking and first questioning of Biblical truths; intellectualizing the world; Gothic era |
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| focal point for an urban community |
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| narrow arch of a pointed profile; allows for ceilings and arches to go higher |
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| the diagonal and transverse ribs compose a structural skeleton that partially supports the masonry web between them |
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| leaned against a wall and takes all of the weight of the wall down with it; allowed for walls to be higher and larger windows |
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| colored glass used for windows in Gothic architecture |
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| Three Part nave elevation |
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| arcade, triforium, clerestory |
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| vertical member that divides a window or separates one window form another; holds glass pieces together |
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| circular stained glass window that is large |
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| tall, narrow window ending in a pointed arch in Gothic architecture |
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| medieval association of craftsmen and merchants, often having considerable power; earliest capitalistic organization; paid for some lancet windows |
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| god of preservation in hinduism |
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| god of destruction and regeneration in hinduism |
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| Hindu representation of a male and female locked in passionate embrace; sexual |
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| a term for enlightened being, portrayed as a sage or mystic |
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| first book to be printed and mass produced; teachings of the Buddha |
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| in Asian art, a horizontal painted scroll that is unrolled to the left and often used to present illustrated religious texts of landscapes; view from right to left |
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| in Asian art, a vertical painted scroll that is unrolled from the bottom and often used to present illustrated religious texts of landscapes |
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| in Asian art, an album leaf is usually part of a book combining paintings and poems in sequence |
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| a military dictatorship in Japan head by shoguns |
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