Term
| Protein is composed of what elements? |
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Definition
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Term
| building blocks of proteins |
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Definition
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Term
| which part of an amino acid contains nitrogen? |
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Definition
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Term
| what kind of bonds hold proteins together? |
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Definition
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Term
| blood proteins are what shape? |
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Definition
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Term
| lipo proteins are what shape? |
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Definition
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Term
| proteins that make up tendons are what shape? |
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Definition
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Term
| steps to protein synthesis: |
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Definition
1. uncoil DNA, copied by RNA
2. mRNA leaves nucleus -> ribosome
3. mRNA attaches to ribosome
4. tRNA clusters around ribosome and moves into place
5. amino acids line up
6. strand is produced |
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Term
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Definition
| process of uncoiling proteins so they can be broken down (occurs in the stomach) |
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Term
| Small intestines roll in digestion of proteins |
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Definition
| breaks proteins into peptides, which is absorbed by villi and travels through blood as single amino acids. |
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Term
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Definition
support growth and maintenance
enzymes
peptide hormones (insulin)
structural proteins
transport proteins
immuno proteins
maintain acid-base balance
blood clotting
energy |
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Term
| how much energy does 1 gram of protein provide? |
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Definition
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Term
| how many amino acids are essential? |
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Definition
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Term
| how many amino acids are nonessential? |
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Definition
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Term
| how many other amino acids can one bond with? |
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Definition
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Term
| fate of amino acid depends on... |
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Definition
state of health
food source (how digestible is it?)
other nutrients ingested
composition |
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Term
| most digestible source of protein |
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Definition
animal foods (90%)
........then legumes (80%)
grains (60-90%) |
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Term
| what percent of your daily calories should be from protein? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| protein deficiency. body looks frail. |
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Term
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Definition
| protein deficiency. body is swollen (edema) |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| fat soluble vitamins require this to be broken down |
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Definition
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Term
| where do fat soluble vitamins travel? |
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Definition
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Term
| where are fat soluble stored? |
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Definition
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Term
| this vitamin can be produced naturally from exposure to sunlight |
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Definition
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Term
| this vitamin can act as a hormone and affect blood calcium & phosphorus levels. |
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Definition
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Term
| deficiencies of this vitamin can cause rickets in kids and osteomalatia in adults |
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Definition
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Term
| Toxicity of this vitamin can cause calcification of soft tissues -> kidney stones. |
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Definition
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Term
| Food sources of Vitamin D |
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Definition
| fortified milk, salmon bones, egg yolks, shrimp and sunlight |
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Term
| this vitamin is synthesized by the intestinal lining |
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Definition
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Term
this vitamin has a blood clotting factor (coagulation)
also has some to do with bone protein formation |
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Definition
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Term
| Vitamin K deficiencies are most likely for... |
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Definition
| infants, people on antibiotics |
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Term
| Vitamin K deficiencies can cause |
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Definition
| hemorrhage, abnormal bone formation. |
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Term
| Vitamin K toxicities are most likely for... |
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Definition
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Term
| Vitamin K toxicity can cause |
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Definition
| red blood cells to break and release pigment & can interfere with blood clotting meds. |
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Term
| Food sources for Vitamin K include... |
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Definition
leafy green veggies
canola oil
soy beans |
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Term
| this vitamin was the first to be discovered |
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Definition
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Term
| 3 forms of Vitamin A are.... |
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Definition
| retinol, retinal, retinoic acid |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| where is Vitamin A stored? |
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Definition
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Term
| Functions of Vitamin A include |
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Definition
| vision, bone growth, immune, and maintenance of body linings |
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Term
| Deficiencies of Vitamin A |
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Definition
keratinzation (reversible)
xeropthlamia (permanent blindness)
night blindness |
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Term
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Definition
| death, fractures, liver failures, birth defects, bone abnormality |
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Term
| Food sources for Vitamin A |
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Definition
| fortified milk, carrot, mango, apricot, spinach, sweet potato, beef liver, bell pepper |
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Term
| Vitamins that are antioxidants |
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Definition
A, C, E
(vitamin C is the only water soluble) |
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Term
Functions of this vitamin include:
nerve development & working with the immune system |
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Definition
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Term
| Deficiencies for Vitamin E (RARE)but most likely found in... |
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Definition
| premature infants, people with fat malabsorption diseases, chronic low fat diets |
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Term
| Toxicity of this vitamin can lead to interference with Vitamin K, and increase oxidation |
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Definition
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Term
| Food sources for Vitamin E |
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Definition
| Safflower oil, canola oil, wheat germ, mayo, sunflower seeds |
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Term
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Definition
| fat stored withing the abdominal cavity |
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Term
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Definition
| fat just underneath the skin |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| feeling of fullness after eating |
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Term
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Definition
| hormone that tells you "you're full" |
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Term
| More fat in blood steam, more leptin, true or false? |
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Definition
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Term
| number one cause of fatigue for athletes |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Anaerobic energy system lasts for.... |
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Definition
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Term
| Aerobic energy system lasts for |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| lipids and fat are stored.. |
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Definition
| under the skin and in muscles. |
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