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HLZ
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140
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Professional
04/10/2015
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Term
Technical considerations are the considerations that pertain the what?
 Definition
The technical aspect of selection of a day or night HLS.
Term
What are 7 technical consideration factors?
 Definition
size of the HLP, landing formations, surface conditions, obstacles, approach and departure routes, atmospheric conditions, and type of load.
Term
The size of the HLP or TDP is based on what 4 considerations and decided by who?
 Definition
size and type of aircraft, pilot/unit proficiency, day/night ops, and atmospheric conditions. decided by the aviation unit commander.
Term
What type of A/C need 25 meters for a TDP?
 Definition
OH-6, OH-58, MH-6, AH-6, UH72A
Mainly the aircraft with skids.
Term
what type of aircraft need 35 meters for a TDP?
 Definition
AH-1W/Z, UH-1Y/N
All the AH/UH with skids
Term
What type of aircraft need 50 meters for TDP?
 Definition
AH-64,UH-60A/L/M, SH-60
these are AH/UH/SH with wheels
Term
what type of aircraft need 80 meters for a TDP?
 Definition
All CH A/C, to include MV/CV-22B
Term
Aircraft for a 100 meter TDP?
 Definition
All slingload A/C daytime, and A/C of unknown origin and you don't know what it is.
Term
Aircraft for a 125 meter TDP?
 Definition
All slingload aircraft using long lines.
Term
Aircraft that need 150 Meter TDP?
 Definition
All slingload aircraft at night. 1800-0559 for test purposes.
Term
What are the nine standard aircraft formations?
 Definition
trail, staggered trail left and right, echelon left and right, heavy left and right, Vee, Diamond.
Term
what is the most secure aircraft formation?
 Definition
Diamond
Term
describe how the surface conditions at the site should be to be considered firm.
 Definition
firm enough to support the weight of an aircraft and free of loose sand, snow, or debris. should be able to hold the weight of a 2.5 ton truck or heel stomp
Term
A TDP must never contain what?
 Definition
Obstacles
Term
How should obstacles be treated?
 Definition
They should be removed, reduced, marked in red, or radioed to the pilot (advise the pilot).
Term
No advisory is required and all aircraft can land when a slope measures what?
 Definition
7 degrees or less
Term
When a slope exceeds 7 degrees, what aircraft must terminate at a hover?
 Definition
OH and UH aircraft that utilize skids.
Term
All lage UH and CH aircraft that utilize wheels for landing will be issued an advisory and land up slope when the slope is at what degrees?
 Definition
between 7 and 15
Term
All aircraft must terminate at a hover when the slope exceeds what?
 Definition
15 degrees
Term
Ideally approaches and departures are made how?
 Definition
along the long axis of the HLS, over the lowest obstacle and into the wind.
Term
How large is the buffer on the approach and departure ends of the HLS? And the left and right sides?
 Definition
100 meters or 10:1 ratio, 10 meters
Term
Always attempt to land an aircraft how?
 Definition
into the wind
Term
What is considered a head wind?
 Definition
A wind direction of 45 degrees left or right of the land heading.
Term
A pilot must land into the wind when wind speeds exceed what?
 Definition
9 knots
Term
depending on the aircraft capabilities, the A/C can land if the crosswind is between Blank and the tail wind is between Blank.
 Definition
0-9 knots and 0-5 knots
Term
Density altitude affects the aircraft ACL and is comprised of what 3 factors? What happens when these factors increase?
 Definition
humidity, altitude, and temperature.
the performance of the A/C reduces and the ACL is reduced
Term
what are the 2 types of loads?
 Definition
Equipment or personnel and Internal or external loads.
Term
the inverted Y will have how many lights for cargo aircraft?
 Definition
5
Term
the NATO T will be utilized when?
 Definition
A/C are approaching the site from over 500 feet AGl or above or it is coordinated for.
Term
Where are all measurements taken from when using the NATO T?
 Definition
The stem light.
Term
What is the TDP landing site light separation for Cargo and Non-cargo A/C?
 Definition
10 meters and 5 meters.
Term
a ground guide will mark the PZ or LZ for the lead A/C by use of what?
 Definition
signalman, or holding a rifle over his head, by displaying a folded VS-17 or by other identifiable means.
Term
How do you determine the land heading? (what 3 things do you look at)
 Definition
long axis of the site, wind direction and speed, and slope at the site.
Term
When placing your GTA, what 3 things should you consider?
 Definition
good 360 degree observation of the site
not placed inside a cleared area
opposite the CCP
Term
The SL point team leader selects the tentative location of the sling load point using what criteria?
 Definition
SL point will be located no less than 100 meters from the nearest active TDP in the formation for unlike/unknown A/C, and SL Point can be located no less than 80 meters from the nearest active TDP in the formation if all the A/C are alike.
Term
In reference to air loading and safety what are some things you should do to prepare troops and equipment for airlift?
 Definition
brief loading procedures, brief in flight procedures, and ensure all personnel have the appropriate gear. Also brief the method being used to approach the A/C.
Term
What approach method would you use for a UH-1?
 Definition
approach at 45 degrees off the front of the A/C.
Term
Use the "directly from the side approach" when preparing to enter what A/C?
 Definition
UH-60, OH-58, OH-6, and cargo helicopters when using the forward troop doors.
Term
When using the rear ramp when entering cargo helicopters, in what way should you approach them?
 Definition
from a 45 degree angle off the rear of the A/C.
Term
Approach only from the rear right of which helicopter in order avoid the tail rotor?
 Definition
CH-53
Term
Name as many loading and in flight actions for helicopters as possible.
 Definition
Load in reverse order (first in is last out), do not place equipment under the troop seats, all seat belts will be fastened and stay fastened throughout the flight, no smoking, muzzle up on UH-1Y/N and muzzle down on UH-60/OH-58/CH-47 and MV-22
Term
What are the 4 standard off loading procedures?
 Definition
Only off load when instructed to do so by the aircrew.
Do not move to the rear of observation and utility helicopters due to the tail rotor hazard.
Always exit down slope.
Take 2 to 3 steps then assume a prone position until the A/C departs.
Term
How many emergency exits are there on the UH-1 and what is there location?
 Definition
4 total: 2 pilot doors and 2 troop doors
Term
How many emergency exits are there on the UH-60 and what is there location?
 Definition
6 total: 2 cockpit doors, 2 troop cargo door windows, 2 gunner windows.
Term
How many emergency exits are there on the CH-47 and what is there location?
 Definition
11 total: 3 primary (ramp/doors)/8 secondary (windows)
Term
How many emergency exits are there on the MV-22B and what is there location?
 Definition
6 total: 1 crew door, 1 ramp, 2 pilot windows and 2 blow out windows.
Term
How many emergency exits are there on the OH-58 and what is there location?
 Definition
2 total: both crew doors
Term
What are the 3 preferred landing formations and why are they preferred?
 Definition
Echelon right/left and trail. These formations limit the amount of sand/snow sucked into the engines of the A/C.
Term
What is a run in landing and what formation will the A/C typically be in when doing so?
 Definition
It is when the A/C touches down and continues to roll so that brown out conditions are limited. They will typically be in an echelon formation.
Term
The UH-60M and CH-47F are armed with what new landing system?
 Definition
The Land-Safe System
Term
How does the Land-Safe System work?
 Definition
The pilot will arm the system when hovering over the site during a low visibility situation and it will use fiber optics to lower the A/C to the ground safely without the pilot having to see the ground.
Term
What is the recommended distance for all A/C and A/C with sling loads?
 Definition
100 meters and 150 meters
Term
What is an air assault operation designed to do?
 Definition
capitalize on speed and mobility of helicopters to achieve surprise.
Term
What is a pathfinders main mission during an air assault operation?
 Definition
provide navigational aid and advisory services to military air craft in ares designated by supported unit commanders.
Term
What is a pathfinders secondary mission during air assault operations?
 Definition
provide advice and limited aid to units planning air assault or airdrop operations.
Term
Pathfinders are employed on a short term basis for some missions by who and when can he redeploy them.
 Definition
The commander and pathfinders can be redeployed after they complete a major troop lift or airdrop.
Term
Non pathfinder qualified soldiers receive training from pathfinders and form into a what?
 Definition
company level pathfinder team.
Term
What type of unit can help pathfinders help improve landing zones?
 Definition
engineer unit
Term
Where do pathfinders remain when awaiting further missions?
 Definition
With their equipment, also near and in communication with the supported ground unit CP.
Term
While awaiting further mission the supported CP may task pathfinders with what?
 Definition
Helping control the aviation unit base airfield, perform minor demolition work, or in staff sections perform map and aerial photographic work.
Term
There are no existing units below what level that are capable of unilaterally conducting air assault operations.
 Definition
Division
Term
What is the lowest level that has has sufficient personnel to plan, coordinate, and control an air assault operation?
 Definition
Battalion
Term
When company size operations are conducted the bulk of the planning process takes place where?
 Definition
At battalion or higher headquarters.
Term
The foundation of a successful air assault operation is what?
 Definition
The ground unit commanders ground tactical plan.
Term
The ground tactical plan for an air assault operation is prepared to capitalize on what?
 Definition
speed and mobility in order to achieve surprise.
Term
Initially there may be no other friendly units in the area. The AATF must land prepared to do what?
 Definition
Fight in any direction
Term
What does the landing plan generally intend to accomplish?
 Definition
sequences elements into the area of operation, ensuring that units arrive at designated locations and times prepared to execute the ground tactical plan.
Term
Elements of the landing plan should include what 4 things?
 Definition
Availability, size and location of the landing site.
Offers flexibility for changes to landing direction and formations.
Supporting fires must be planned for around the landing site.
Should include MEDEVAC and re-supply contingencies.
Term
What are the advantages of using a single LZ?
 Definition
Allows concentration of combat power at one location.
Facilitates control of the operation.
Concentrates supporting fires in and around the LZ.
Provides better security for subsequent lifts.
Reduces the number of flight routes in the objective area.
Centralizes any required resupply operations.
Concentrates efforts of limited personnel on the LZ (control personnel and engineers).
requires less planning and rehearsal time.
Term
What are the advantages of using multiple LZs?
 Definition
Avoids grouping assets in one location and creating a lucrative target.
Allows rapid dispersal of ground elements to accomplish tasks in separate areas.
Reduces the enemy's ability to detect and react to the initial lift.
Forces the enemy to fight in more than one direction.
Reduces the possibility of troop congestion in one LZ.
Makes it difficult for the enemy to determine the size of the air assault tasks force and the exact location of supporting weapons.
Term
The air movement plan is based on what 2 plans?
 Definition
the ground tactical plan and the landing plan.
Term
What information does the air movement plan provide?
 Definition
It specifies the schedule and provides instruction for air movement of troops, equipment and supplies from PZs to LZs. It should also include the security and link-up locations.
Term
What are the 2 key elements of the air movement plan?
 Definition
1. Flight routes with flight route overlays.
2. Air movement table.
Term
Tentative flight routes are developed to do what?
 Definition
Control, protect and sequence aircraft movement.
Term
The basic methods of developing flight routes is by what?
 Definition
Considering the locations of friendly units, enemy dispositions /air defenses, LZs/PZs, and map study or photo review when time permits.
Term
What 3 parts make up a flight route?
 Definition
Start Point SP, Release Point RP, and a flight path between the two.
Term
Describe what a SP is?
 Definition
It is a topographic feature easily identifiable from the air that can be used as a navigational aid. It is normally located no closer than 3-5 Kilometers from the PZ. Planning time for this distance is 2 minutes.
Term
Describe what a release point is (RP).
 Definition
It is a topographic feature easily identifiable from the air that can be used as a navigational aid. It is normally located no closer than 3-5 Kilometers from the LZ. Planning time for this is 2 minutes. This will allow the flight leader time to reconfigure the formation and execute a tactical landing formation.
Term
What is an ACP (air control point)?
 Definition
It is a topographic feature easily identifiable from the air that can be used as a navigational aid. It is normally located at every point where the flight route changes directions.
Term
How many ACPs does a flight route contain?
 Definition
As many ACPs as necessary to control the air movement.
Term
If a pilot cannot approach the landing site straight on then he must set up what?
 Definition
Intercept Heading
Term
Where should you place an intercept heading if one is needed and why?
 Definition
1-2 miles to allow the helicopters to be in formation for the final approach.
Term
At the intercept point the pilots should turn at what degree or less?
 Definition
45 degrees or less
Term
Flight routes are? (name 5)
 Definition
1. short as possible but consistent with other considerations
2. provide ease of navigation day or night
3. avoid known enemy units and air defense positions
4. avoid masking friendly fires, particularly supporting fires
5. avoid over-flight of built up areas.
Term
A restricted flight route is described as what?
 Definition
a flight route where the aircraft are restricted to their heading and altitude.
Term
What is a flight corridor?
 Definition
The corridor reserves airspace around a flight route and prevents artillery, tactical air, and other elements form flying or firing through it when in use.
Term
What is the usual size for a flight corridor?
 Definition
200-300 meters on either side of the flight route and 500 feet above or below the flight altitude.
Term
Authority to establish a flight corridor is obtained from who?
 Definition
Brigade Commander and/or Division Commander
Term
What is flight axis?
 Definition
Flight axis has width like a corridor but does not have airspace reserved to a specific altitude like a corridor. It allows deviation laterally along the flight route.
Term
If a specific flight route is not designated, what 3 terrain flight modes may the pilot use?
 Definition
Nap of the earth, contour flight, low level flight.
Term
Describe nap of the earth flight.
 Definition
Flown at varying speeds and altitudes as close to the earths surface as possible.
Term
Describe contour flight.
 Definition
Flown at low altitude conforming generally to the contours of the terrain. Flight is varying in altitudes and speeds.
Term
Describe low level flight.
 Definition
flown at a low altitude with constant heading, airspeed and altitude to facilitate speed and ease of movement while minimizing detection. Normally used in rear areas.
Term
The loading plan is based on what two previous plans?
 Definition
air movement plan and ground tactical plan
Term
The loading plan ensures what are loaded on the correct aircraft?
 Definition
troops, equipment and supplies. Unit integrity is maintained when aircraft loads are planned.
Term
Describe tactical integrity when planning the loading phase.
 Definition
fire teams and squads are intact on the same aircraft and platoons are in the same serial. This ensures integrity as a fighting unit when hitting the ground.
Term
What are 3 examples of self sufficient loads?
 Definition
Every towed item is accompanied by its prime mover, ammunition goes with the weapons, crews are loaded with their vehicle or weapon.
Term
Tactical cross loading is planned so leadership and crew served weapons are not loaded on the same aircraft. Why is this done?
 Definition
So if an aircraft goes down it does not seriously hamper the mission.
Term
The staging plan is based on the loading plan and prescribes what?
 Definition
The arrival time of the units at the PZ in the proper order of movement.
Term
Units should arrive at the PZ when?
 Definition
1 hour prior to load time
Term
At what time should the the unit be in PZ posture?
 Definition
15 minutes prior to aircraft arrival
Term
To ensure success of the ground mission, pathfinders do what?
 Definition
Plan their own missions in detail. The more time they have to plan the more detailed a plan they can make.
Term
As soon as the senior pathfinder receives word of a pending operation what does he issue?
 Definition
Issues a mission alert and immediately follows that with a warno. He includes just enough information to allow the other pathfinder to start preparing for the operation.
Term
After the warno or alert the pathfinders begin doing what?
 Definition
Initial Preparation. This means inspecting and augmenting personnel and equipment.
Term
During initial preparation, pathfinders prepare what equipment in order from most to least important?
 Definition
radios, navigation aids (electronic and visual), weapons, essential individual equipment, assembly aids, and other items as needed (mission specific).
Term
During the initial preparation, the pathfinder element leader and the air mission commander begin coordinating with what units?
 Definition
The supported aviation units, ground units or both.
Term
As the pathfinders receive more information during initial preparation, they recognize personnel and equipment to better accomplish the mission. If time permits they do what?
 Definition
Conduct rehearsals. Using available briefing aids, they rehearse on terrain that most nearly resembles the AO.
Term
Ground and aviation commanders _____ and ______ the details of operation for which they require pathfinder assistance.
 Definition
coordinate and plan
Term
In any type of operation a pathfinder might have to recommend what 4 things?
 Definition
exact locations for DZs or LZs, a time schedule, landing formations, and employment techniques.
Term
What is an ALO?
 Definition
air liaison officer
Term
While preparing for an operation, air ALOs and GCUs coordinate with pathfinders to make what?
 Definition
air movement table
Term
The air mission briefing is what?
 Definition
the last coordination meeting of key participants in an air assault mission and ensures that key aviation personnel are briefed and that the details of each plan are finalized.
Term
The air mission briefing covers what specifically?
 Definition
the operation from beginning to end, which includes the five plans explained previously, and the completed air movement table.
Term
At a minimum, who must be present at the AMB?
 Definition
S2, S3 fire support officer, aviation liaison officer, ADA liaisons, aviation unit operations officer, AMC, battle team captains from air recon and attack helicopter units, and the ground tactical commander of the unit being inserted.
Term
A "load" is any single aircraft and may also be referred to as what?
 Definition
chalk, chalk number, and chalk load.
Term
What is the definition of a serial?
 Definition
A serial is a tactical group of two or more aircraft but no more than six under the control of a serial commander and separated from other tactical groupings within the lift by time or space.
Term
What is the definition of a "lift"?
 Definition
A lift is one sortie of all utility and cargo aircraft assigned to a mission. Each time all assigned aircraft pick up and deep off then that completes one lift.
Term
What is the UH-1N cruising speed and max speed?
 Definition
cruising: 110 KIAS Max: 120 KIAS
Term
What is the UH-1Y cruising speed and max speed?
 Definition
cruising: 158 KIAS Max: 164 KIAS
Term
What is the UH-60M/L cruising speed and max speed?
 Definition
cruising: 150 KIAS Max: 159 KIAS
Term
What is the SH-60 cruising speed and max speed?
 Definition
cruising: 146 KIAS Max: 180 KIAS
Term
What is the CH-47D/F cruising speed and max speed?
 Definition
cruising: 130 KIAS Max: 170 KIAS
Term
What is the CH-53E cruising speed and max speed?
 Definition
cruising: 150 KIAS Max: 200 KIAS
Term
What is the CH-53K cruising speed and max speed?
 Definition
cruising: 160 KIAS Max: 200 KIAS
Term
What is the V-22 cruising speed and max speed?
 Definition
cruising: 220 KIAS Max: 250 KIAS
Term
If the time required to fly and specific flight route is between one minute increments, do you round up or down to the nearest whole minute?
 Definition
Up
Term
Loading time is the time required before a lift off to load the aircraft. The time it takes to load is dependent on what 3 things?
 Definition
Prior training, equipment to be carried, and light conditions.
Term
How much time is required for day and night time loading operations?
 Definition
3 minutes for day and 5 minutes for night
Term
The time that the first aircraft on the first lift of the operation touches down on the LZ is referred to as what?
 Definition
H-hour
Term
The air loading table assigns specific chalk numbered aircraft to carry personnel and equipment to the objective area, it is also annotated to reflect the bump priority of loads. What is it also used for?
 Definition
Used as a loading manifest (one copy should stay with the stay behind element)
Term
At the company level who is responsible for devising and disseminating the bump plan?
 Definition
1SG or XO
Term
Bump priority ensures what 2 things?
 Definition
It ensures that the most essential personnel and equipment arrive the the objective area first. It specifies personnel and equipment that may be bumped and delivered later.
Term
What are the duties and responsibilities of the company commander during air assault operations?
 Definition
Has overall responsibility of the operation. He plans the operation, briefs subordinate leaders, issuers the OPORD, and conducts rehearsals.
Term
During an air assault operation, what aircraft does the company commander ride in and why?
 Definition
The AMCs aircraft to ensure better command and control.
Term
What are the duties and responsibilities of the chalk line up guides during air assault operations?
 Definition
There should be one per chalk and their primary duties are to assist in link up and movement of chalks from the unit AA to the chalk AA.
Term
What are the duties and responsibilities of the PZ control officer during air assault operations and who must he be?
 Definition
Must be either the XO, 1SG, or PL. Organizes, controls and coordinates operations in PZs selected by the AATFC.
Term
The aircraft troop commander/chalk leader is responsible for inspecting his load. He is also responsible for briefing his personnel on what 5 things?
 Definition
seating arrangement, loading procedures, use of safety belts, in flight procedures, and offloading procedures.
Term
What is the site team leader?
 Definition
the man who reconnoiters, establishes, and operates the landing site.
Term
What are some of the responsibilities of the site team leader?
 Definition
organizing an objective rally point, recons to determine the long axis, usable space, ground slope, and land heading.
Term
What are the 4 factors that determine the number of extra pathfinders employed?
 Definition
size of the landing site, expected density of air traffic, number and type of visual and electronic aids used, the tactical situation.
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