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| government takeover, the Constitution of 1917 permitted the nationalization of natural resources |
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| most Mestizos or Indian peasants worked on haciendas, large plantations, controlled by the landowning elite |
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| emphasis on home control of the economy |
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| pride in one’s own culture, reflected in the revival of mural painting |
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| United States pledged to lessen its interference in the affair of Latin American nations |
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| policy of rigid segregation that became a law in Africa in 1948 |
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| emphasized the unity of Africans and people of African descent worldwide, it nourished the nationalist spirit and strengthened resistance in the 1920s |
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| writers expressed their pride in their African roots and protested colonial rule |
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| the Turkish peninsula between the Black Sea and the Mediterranean Sea, here Turks resisted Western control and fought to build a modern nation |
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| a nationalist movement that was built on the shared heritage of Arabs who lived in lands from the Arabian Peninsula to North Africa |
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| the British tried to gain support of European Jews during World War I by issuing the Balfour Declaration in which the British advocated the idea of setting up a national home for the Jewish people in Palestine |
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| on April 13, 1919, a large but peaceful crowd of Indians who opposed British rule gathered. They did not hear of the order that banned public meetings, and were fired upon openly. This killed 400 people and wounded 1,100. This convinced them that India needed to govern itself. |
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| a policy embraced by Gandhi and his followers, it means nonviolence and reverence for all life |
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| Henry David Thoreau’s idea, the refusal to obey unjust laws, studied by Gandhi |
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| members of the lowest caste |
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| refusal to buy, Gandhi called for Indians to boycott British goods |
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| presented to Yuan Shikai by Japanese officials during WWI. It was a list of demands that sought to make China a Japanese protectorate. Yuan gave into some of the demands because China was so weak |
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| a cultural and intellectual ferment spread by student protesters. Its goal was to strengthen China. Reformers sought to improve China’s position by rejecting Confucian traditions and learning from the west. |
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| Sun Yixian’s nationalist party, established a government in south China |
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| Guomindang harassed Mao’s retreating communist army from 1934 to 1935 |
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| Emperor of Japan, pledged to “preserve world peace and benefit the welfare of the human race”. He ruled from 1926-1989, during which Japan experienced remarkable successes and appalling tragedies. |
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| extreme nationalists, condemned politicians for agreeing to western demands to stop overseas expansion. |
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| Japanese nationalists wanted this Chinese area of land as an outlet for growing population and a source of natural resources. This region was rich in natural resources and Japanese businesses had already invested heavily there |
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