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| A collection of 282 laws. Written by Hammurabi for the lands of Mesopotamia. Penalties for criminal offenses were severe and varied according to the social class of the victim. |
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| Amenhotep Iv changed his name to Akhenaten which means Servant of Aten (Egymptain god of the sun disk). He closed the temples of other gods and lessened the power of the priests. His steps within the Egyptain religion were soon undone by his successor the boy-pharoh Tutankhamen. Who put things back to the way they were by restoring the old gods and returning the government to Thebes. |
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| Became leader of the Persians,united them and went on the offensive against Medes in 550 B.C. A ruler who was rare for his day, He was compassionate and wise. He died in 530 B.C. |
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| Persian king who massed a gigantic army of 150,000 troops and seven hundred naval ships against the greeks. He was defeated by the Greeks in 490 B.C. and again in 480 B.C. |
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| Dominated by the Athenians from the beginning. It's main headquarters was on the island of Delos, sacred to the Ionian Greeks. This group was a collection of all the Greek states that combined to destroy the persians in a war which the greeks won in 469 B.C. |
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| Athenians favored new imperial policy when an aristocrat named Pericles began to play an important role in politics. He tried to expand democracy at home while severing it's ties with Sparta and expanding it's new empire abroad. The height of Athenian power and the culmination of it's brilliance as a civilization. |
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| A greek historian, which modern historians consider the greatest of the ancient world. Was an Athenian who participated in the Peloponnesian war. Had been elected a general but a defeat in battle sent him into exile. |
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| The first tragedian whose plays are known to us. He wrote ninety tragedies, only seven have survived. |
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| Great Athenian playwright whose most famous play is "Oepidus the King". His plays were also tragedies. |
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| Outstanding Athenian Playwright. His plots were more complexed than others. His most famous one is Bacchae. |
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| A group of philosophical teachers in the fifth century who argued that understanding the universe was beyond the human mind. Their thing they stressed to learn the most was rhetoric (the art of persuasive speaking) |
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| Was a stoneman-son but his true love was philosophy. He taught a number of pupils but his most famous was Plato. He developed the Socratic method of teaching which employs a question-answer technique to lead pupils to see things for themselves using their own reason. |
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| Socrate's most famous pupil. Considered by many to be the greatest philosopher of Western Civilization. He wrote many things unlike his teacher which modern day historians use to tell who he was. Opened a school in Athens known as the Academy. |
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| One of Plato's pupils who studied at the academy for 20 years. He later became the tutor for Alexander the Great. |
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| Was only twenty when he became king of Macedonia. In the next twelve years, he achieved so much that he has ever since been called Alexander the great. He went on many campaigns to expand the Macedonian empire. He died at the age of thirty two. He achieved his father's dream of taking over the persian empire. He claimed to be a descendant of Heracles, the greek hero who came to be worshiped as a god. |
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| One of the most famous scientists of the Hellenistic period. |
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| The founder of Epicureanism. He established a school in Athens near the end of the fourth century B.C. He did not deny that there were gods but he did not believe that they played any active role in the world. His idea was happiness was the goal of life. |
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| A belief in a doctrine of "pleasure" and the pursuit of a life filled with happiness. Gods: The gods created the world and they now have no affect on the world. We control our own destiny/fate. Death: Don't worry with death because you are living and once your dead it is no longer a worry because your dead... |
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| Stoicism eventually overshadowed Epicureanism. It became the most popular philosophy of the Hellenistic world and continued in the Roman empire as well. It was also the belief of lifelong happiness but thought it should be achieved through the supreme good, and through virtue, which meant living in harmony with divine will. |
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| A teacher who came to Athens and began to teach in a public colonade know as the Painted Portico(the Stoa Poikile-hence the name Stoicism) |
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| A great city of the early world. According to Roman legend, was founded by the twin brothers Romulus and Remus in 753 B.C. Of course, the Romans invented this story to provide a noble ancestry for their city. |
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| Roman playwright who used plots from Greek New Comedy for his own plays. |
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| A Roman Playwright who was born in Carthage and brought to Rome as a slave by a Roman Senator who freed him. |
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| A Roman praetor(the commander of an army, usually in the field, or the named commander before mustering the army), who hated the thought of greek society intervening with Roman society. Although he hated this he sent his son to learn Greek because it was becoming a necessity in Roman upper class society. |
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| A Roman Emperor who's victories in the civil war made him dictator for life after already being declared dictator in 47 B.C. |
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| Octavian(Julius Caesar's grandnephew)--Mark Antony( Caesar's ally and assistant)--Marcus Lepidus(Commander of Caesar's calvary |
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| A great Roman writer who was not originally from Rome. |
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| Important poet of the late Roman Republic who followed an old Greek tradition of expounding philosophy in the form of poetry. |
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| Roman writer who brought Oratory(the ability to persuade people in public debate) to perfection. Possibly the greatest prose writer of his time. |
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| Roman guard of roughly 9,000 men, had the important task of guarding the person of the princeps. The princeps were the Roman emperors. |
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| In 27 B.C. the senate awarded him the title of Augustus "the Revered one". He established what is sometimes called the principate, which means conveying the idea of a constitutional monarch as coruler with the senate. His time as emperor became known as the age of Augustus. Dominated the Roman empire for 45 years and died in 14 A.D. |
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| The most distinguished poet of the Augustan age. Wrote during the time of the Golden age. |
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| A good Augustan poet. Wrote during the golden age. |
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| The last of the great poets of the golden age. |
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| The most famous latin prose work was written by the historian her. |
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| The emperor that took the place of Augustus. Also was his stepson. He was a competent general and an able administrator. served (14-37). Julio-Claudians Tiberius, Caligula, Claudius, Nero |
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| The grandnephew of Tiberius. Served as emperor from 37-41. He showed tyrannical behavior. Julio-Claudians Tiberius, Caligula, Claudius, Nero |
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| Roman emperor (41-54) A.D. Julio-Claudians Tiberius, Caligula, Claudius, Nero |
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| Roman emperor (54-68) The end of the Julio-Claudian reign. Tiberius, Caligula, Claudius, Nero |
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| The Roman peace that lasted about 200 years. |
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- Nerva (96-98) AD
- Trajan (98-117) AD
- Hadrian (117-138) AD
- Antonius Pius (138-161) AD
- Marcus Aurelius (161-180) AD
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| The century and a half after Augustus is often labeled the "silver age". The literary standards of this age were good but just not as good as the golden age ( the age of Augustus). |
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| Tutored Nero and began to run the government during the first five years of Nero's reign. In 65 He was charged with involvement in a conspiracy against Nero and committed suicide at Nero's command. |
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| The greatest historian of the silver age. His main works consisted of the "Annals and the Histories". Also, he wrote the Germania and the Agricola. He criticized Roman politics and society in his works very subtly to make sure not to get in trouble. |
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| Was a Roman military leader who rose through the ranks and after someone murdered the previous emperor his men hailed him as ruler of the Roman Empire. |
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| After Diocletian's retirement in 305. Constantine took control of the entire west. 12 years later constantine established himself as sole ruler. |
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| Home of the sumerian city states (4000 B.C.) Land between the rivers (tigris and Euphrates) |
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| King of Babylon (1792-1750 B.C.) He came up with the code of Hammurabi which was a set of 282 laws. |
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| A civilization that thrived off of the river of the Nile. Their empire had natural barriers such as the red sea, the medeteranian sea, the saharah desert, the rapids and waterfalls in the southern nile. They had a pharoh instead of an emperor |
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| An oligarchy and a military state in the greek empire. |
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| The war between Persia and the king Xerxes and Athens and Sparta. The battle of Thermopylea the spartan king and 300 troops fought the persian "immortals". |
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| one of the first of his time to relate diseases to something natural in the body rather than blaming it on the gods. Of this time they believed that if there was no medicine or cure for the disease then it was sacred or divine. |
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