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| System for excercising authority |
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| goverment controlled by one person |
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| state ruled by the noble class |
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a goverment ruled by a few powerful people |
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Idea that people can govern themselves |
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| government in which the citizens rule directly and not through representatives |
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| government in which citizens elect leaders who make government decisions |
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| aristocratic brnach of romes government |
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| release from punishment due from a sin |
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| 16th century movement for religious reform, leading to the founding of new Christian teachings |
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| a member of a protestant church founded on the teachings of martin luther |
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| member of the christian church founded on the princables of the reformation |
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| agreement in the 1555 declaring that the region of each german state would be decided by its ruler |
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| relating to the church of england |
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| famous renaissance writer |
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| german craftsberg who develoed the printing press |
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| religion founded by jesus |
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| religion founded by the profit muhammed |
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| church that developed from christianity |
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| 16th century religious reform movement |
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| period of rebirth of art and learning in europe lasting from about 1300 to 1600 |
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focus on human potential and acheivements |
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| concer with worldly rather that spiritual matters |
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| people who financially supported artists |
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| art technique taht recreates three dimensions |
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| use of native language instead of classic latin |
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| doctorine that god has decided all things beforehand, including which people will be saved |
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| religious techings based on the reformer john calvin |
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Definition
| goverment controlled by religious leaders |
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| member of a protestant church governed by elders and founded by john knox |
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| mamber of protestant group during the reform tha tbelieved only adults should be baptized also believed that church and state should be seperate |
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| 16th century catholic reform movement in respons to protestant reformation |
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Definition
members of the society for jesus , a roman catholic religious order founded |
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Definition
| Meeting of Roman Catholic leaders to rule on the docrines criticized by the protestant reformers |
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| Body of english law that reflected the customes and princables established over time |
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Document drawn up by nobles in 1215 guaranteeing basic political rights in england |
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Definition
| administration of law in known, orderly ways to protect peoples rights |
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Definition
| bloodless overthrow of king james 2 of england and his replacement by william and mary |
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Definition
| monarchy in which the rulers powers is limited by the law |
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| list of rights and freedoms considered essenial to the people |
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Definition
| law making body of england |
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| theory that a monarchs power came from god |
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| member of the sh'ia muslim group that built a nempire in persia |
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Definition
| safavid warriror who mostly seized what is now iran |
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Definition
| Persian title maning king |
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Definition
| leader during the safavid golden age |
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| Capital city if the safavid empire |
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| intellectual movement that started in europe |
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Definition
| agreement between citizens and goverment |
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Definition
| rights that all people have |
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Definition
| division of goverment into seperate branches |
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Definition
| americas fight for independence with britain |
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Definition
| goverment in which citizens elect representatives to make laws |
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Definition
| goverment in which powers are divided between federal and state goverments |
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Definition
| french peoples fight for democratic freedom |
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Definition
| international organazationa esttablished in 1945 |
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Definition
| founder of the mughal empire |
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Definition
| one of the nomads who invaded the indian subcontinent an estaablished a powerful empire there |
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Definition
| mughal ruler with a genius for cultural blending, military conquest, and art |
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Definition
| nonviolent religious gruop that became the enemys of the mughals |
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Definition
| mughal ruler who built the taj mal |
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Definition
| tomb built by shah jahan for his wife |
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Definition
| Last important mughal ruler |
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Definition
| succesful ghazi who built a small state in anatolia |
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Definition
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Definition
| conquerer of persia and russia |
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Definition
| conquerer who made istanbull his capital |
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Definition
| ruler who brought ottoman empire to its hight |
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Definition
| policy for creating the sultans army |
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Definition
| soldier slave drawn from conquered christian territories |
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Definition
| portugese explorer who rounded the tip of africa |
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Definition
| portugese supporter of exploration |
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Definition
| explorer who gave portugal a direct sea route to india |
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Definition
| treaty between spain and portugal dividing newly discovered lands them |
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Definition
| dutch company that establihed and directed trade throughout asia |
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Definition
| commander of the rebel army that drove the mongols out of china |
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Definition
| chinease dynasty from 1368-1644 |
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Definition
| ming ruler, son of hongwu |
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Definition
| muslim admiral that led seven voyages of exploration during the ming dynasty |
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Definition
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Definition
| chinease dynasty that followed the ming dynasty and was begun by the manchus |
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Definition
| powerful machu emperor of the qing dynasty |
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Definition
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Definition
| daimyo who hoped to control all of japan and seized tokoyo |
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Term
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Definition
daimyo who took control of almost all of japan |
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Term
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Definition
| dynasty that ruled japan from 1603-1863 |
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| itlian explorer who landed in the americas |
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Term
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Definition
| land controlled by another nation |
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Definition
| conquistador that defeated the aztecs |
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Definition
| Spanish explorers in the amercias |
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Definition
| conqistador who defeated the incas |
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Definition
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Definition
| person with mixed spanish and native american blood |
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Definition
| system of mining and farming using natives as slave labor |
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Term
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Definition
| global transfer of food , plants and animals during the colonazation of the americas |
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Term
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Definition
| economic system based on the private ownership and the investment of wealth for profit |
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Term
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Definition
| company in which people pooled their wealth for a common purpose |
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Term
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Definition
| economic policy of incresing wealth and power by obtaining large amounts of gold and silver and selling more goods than bought |
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Term
| favorable balance of trade |
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Definition
| condition resulting from selling more goods than are bought |
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Term
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Definition
| area of the americas explored and claimed by france |
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Term
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Definition
| first permenent settlement in america |
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Term
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Definition
| group of english people who founded a colony in plymouth |
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Term
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Definition
| people who did not agree with the practices of the church of england |
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Definition
| dutch colony begun in modern new york city |
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Term
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Definition
| war between britain and france over the land in north america |
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Definition
| native american leader who led an attakck on the villages of massachusets , also called king phillip |
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Term
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Definition
spanish king who took control of portugal but failed in his invasion of england |
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Definition
| king or queen with complete control |
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Term
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Definition
| idea that rulers recieves thier right from god |
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Term
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Definition
| buying and selling slaves of africans for work in the americas |
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Term
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Definition
| european trade between the americas, africa, and europe involving slaves and other goods |
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Term
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Definition
| voyage that brought captured africans to the west indies and the americas |
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Term
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Definition
| order that gave huguenots the right to live in catholic france |
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Term
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Definition
| chief minister of france who reduced the powers of nobles |
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Term
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Definition
| belief that can be known for certain |
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Term
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Definition
| french king who was an absolute ruler |
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Term
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Definition
| official of the french goverment |
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Term
war of the spanish succesion |
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Definition
| Was fought by other european nations against france and spain when those two states tried to unite their thrones |
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Term
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Definition
| chief minister of finance under louis xiv |
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Term
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Definition
| conflict over religion, territory, and power among european ruling families |
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Definition
| empress of austria whose main enemy was prussia |
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Term
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Definition
| leader of prussia who sought to increse its territory |
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Term
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Definition
| conflict from 1756 to 1763 in which the forces of britain and prussia battled those of austria, france, and other countries |
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Term
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Definition
| ruler who added lands to russia, gave it a code of laws , and also used his secret police to execute traitors |
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Term
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Definition
| russian noble who owned land |
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Term
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Definition
| important leader of russia who started westernazation |
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Term
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Definition
| use of western europe as a model of change |
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Term
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Definition
| king of england wh was executed |
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Term
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Definition
| war fought from 1642to 1649 between the royalists, or cavaliers and the puritan suppoters of england |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| period after the monarchy was restored in england |
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Definition
| law giving prisoners the right the obtain a document a document saying that the prisoner cannot go to jail without being brought before a judge |
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Term
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Definition
| new way of thinking about the natural world basd on carefull observation and wilingness to question |
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Term
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Definition
| theory that the sun is at the center of the universe |
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Term
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Definition
view which hel the earth at the center of the universe |
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Definition
| Scientist who was forced by the catholic church to take back scientific ideas that disagreed with the churches view |
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Term
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Definition
| logical procedures for gathering an testing ideas |
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Term
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Definition
| Scientist who dicovered the laes of motion and the laws of gravity |
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Definition
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Definition
| Thomas hobbes: agreement people make with the goverment |
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Definition
| philosopher who wrote about goverment |
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Definition
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Definition
| writer who fought for tolerance freedom of religious belief and freedom of speech |
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Definition
| french writer concerned with goverment an political liberty |
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Term
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Definition
| enlightenment thinker who championed freedom |
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Definition
| Author who wrote about womens rights |
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Definition
| social gathering for dicussing ideas or buying art |
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Definition
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Definition
| simple style that borrowd ideas fraom classical greece and rome |
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Term
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Definition
| ruler who supported enlightenment ideas but did not give up power |
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Term
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Definition
| russian ruler who took steps to reform modern day russia |
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Term
| Declaration of Independence |
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Definition
| Document declaring tAmerican independence from britain |
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Definition
| Author of the declaration of independence |
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Term
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Definition
| System in which each branch of the goverment checks, or limits, power of the other two branches |
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Term
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Definition
| system of goverment in which power is divided between the national and state goverments |
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Term
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Definition
| First ten commandments to the constitution; protection of basic rights for individuals |
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Definition
| assembly that replaced the national assembly in 1791 |
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Term
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Definition
| nobles and others who left franc during the peasant uprisings and who hoped to come bak and restore the old system |
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Definition
| radical group of parisian wage earners |
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Term
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Definition
| member of the jacobin club ,a radical and poliical organazation |
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Term
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Definition
| machine for beheading people |
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Term
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Definition
| revoltionary leader who tried o wipe out every trace of francs past and monarchy and nobility |
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Term
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Definition
| period of robespierres rule |
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Definition
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Definition
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Definition
| weak king who came to french throne in 1774 |
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Definition
| unpoular queen, wife of louis xvi |
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Definition
| assembly of representatives from all three states |
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Definition
| french congress established by representatives of the third estate |
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Term
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Definition
| promise made by third estate representatives to draw up a new consttution |
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Definition
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Definition
| Military leader who seized power in france |
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Definition
| A sudden take over of the goverment |
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Definition
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Definition
| gverment run public school |
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Definition
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Definition
| complete set of laws set up by napolean that eliminated many justices |
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Term
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Definition
| british defeat of napoleans forces at sea |
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Definition
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Definition
| napolean policy of preventing trade and communication between great britain and other european countries |
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Definition
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Definition
| war that napolean fought in spain |
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Term
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Definition
| poicy of burning and fields and slaughtering livestock so that enemy troops would find nothign to eat |
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Term
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Definition
| battle in belgium that was napoleans final defeat |
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Term
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Definition
| napoleans last bid for power, which ended at waterloo |
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Term
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Definition
| meetings in vienna for the purpose of restoring order to euope |
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Definition
| key leader at the congress of vienna |
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Definition
| condition in which no one country becomes a threat to the other |
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Definition
| bringing back power the kings that napolean had driven out |
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Definition
| league formed by russia, prussia, and austria |
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Term
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Definition
| series of alliances to help prevent a revolution |
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Term
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Definition
| latin americans born in spain |
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Term
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Definition
| spaniards born in latin america |
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Term
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Definition
| africans or people of mixed european and african anscestory |
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Term
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Definition
| leader of venizualin independence movement |
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Term
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Definition
| leader who helped win independence for chile and argentina |
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Definition
| priest who began the revolt against spanish rule in mexico |
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Term
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Definition
| leaer of the mexican revolt after hidalgo was defeatd |
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Definition
| people who supported a monarchy |
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Term
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Definition
| people who wanted to give more power to the legisslative |
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Term
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Definition
| people who wanted to end the rule by kings and give full voting power to all of the people |
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Term
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Definition
| belief that a perons loyalty belongs to the nation itself instead of the nations ruler |
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Term
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Definition
country with its own independant goverment |
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Definition
| region including all of present day greece, albania bulgaria, turkey , romania and yugoslavia(former) |
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Definition
| winner of the presidential election 1848 ; later emperor |
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Term
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Definition
| ruler of russia who freed he serfs |
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Term
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Definition
| a policy of forcing russian culture on ethnic groups in the russian empire |
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Definition
| prime minister who unified modern italy |
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Term
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Definition
| leader of the red shirts who won control over parts of southern italy |
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Term
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Definition
| leader who workerd to expand prussia |
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Term
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Definition
| wealthy german land holders |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| movement in art and ideas that focused on nature, and the thoughts and felings of individuals |
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Term
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Definition
| moement in art that ried to show life as it really was |
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Term
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Definition
| stlye of art using light and light filed colors to reproduce an impression |
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Term
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Definition
| great increse in machine production that began in England int he18th century |
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Term
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Definition
| large closed-in field for farming |
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Term
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Definition
| planting a different crop in a differnet field each year |
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Definition
| praocess of developing machine production of goods |
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Term
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Definition
| conditions needed to produce goods and services |
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Definition
| building where goods are made |
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Definition
| person who organizes, manages and takes on the financial risk of buisness enterprise |
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Term
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Definition
| city building and the movment of people to cities |
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Term
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Definition
| a social class of skilled workers, proffesionals, buisness people and wealthy farmers |
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Term
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Definition
| right of ownership in a company called a corporation |
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Term
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Definition
| buisness owned by stockholders who share its proits but are not responsible for its debts |
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Term
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Definition
| economic theory that argues that goverments should not interfere with buisness affairs |
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Definition
| philosopher who defended laissez faire economice |
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Term
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Definition
| economic system in which people invest moneyy to make a profit |
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Term
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Definition
| belief that an idea is onlu as good as it is useful |
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Term
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Definition
| belief that busnesses should be owned by societies as a whole |
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Definition
| economic thinker who wrote about a radical for of socialism |
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Term
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Definition
| form of socialis in which all production is owned by the people |
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Term
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Definition
| organized groups of workers that bargain with business owners to get better pay and working conditions |
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Term
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Definition
| organized refusal to work |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| movement in england to give the rght to vote to more people and obtain other rights |
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Term
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Definition
| leader of britain when democratic hanges were occuring |
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Term
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Definition
| goverment formed in frnce after napolean was exiled |
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Term
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Definition
| events surroundind the framing of ajewish officer in the french army |
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Term
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Definition
predjudice against the jews |
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Term
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Definition
| movement to establish a seperate homeland in palestine for the jews |
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Term
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Definition
| nation in the british empire allowed to govern its own domestic affairs |
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Term
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Definition
| polysein people who settled in new zealand |
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Term
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Definition
| natibe people of australia |
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Term
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Definition
| place where convicts are sent to serve thier sentences as an alternate to prison |
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Term
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Definition
| local control over domestic affairs |
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Term
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Definition
| unofficial militar6y force seeking independence |
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Term
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Definition
| belief that the US would rule the land from the Pacific cean to the atlatic ocean |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| war fought between the North and South from 1861- 1865 |
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Term
| emancipation proclamation |
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Definition
| proclamation tofree saves in the confederate states |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| arrangement by which a product in a factory is moved from worker with each worker completing a simple step in the task |
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Definition
| scientist who developed thea theoy of evolution |
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Term
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Definition
| the theory that all life on earth developed from silpler life forms |
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Term
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Definition
| form of energy released as atoms decay |
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Term
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Definition
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Definition
| art and entertainment appealing to a large audiance |
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