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History to 1865 Final EXam
Exam Questions
62
History
Undergraduate 1
03/01/2011
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Term
The ancestors of the Native American Peoples
 Definition
Migrated by land from northeastern Asia
Term
The first peoples who migrated to the Americans
 Definition
were bands of hunter-gatherers
Term
The Mayan peoples of Mesoamerica
 Definition
devised a calendar system that predicted solar and lunar eclipses accurately
Term
The Hopewell peoples were
 Definition
Mound builders in the Mississippi Valley who flourished around A.D. 100 to A.D. 400
Term
Which of the Pueblo peoples built hundreds of miles of straight roads across the desert in the American Southwest to facilitrate trade?
 Definition
Anasazis
Term
Which of the following statements most accurately describes Native American peoples east of the Mississippi River?
 Definition
The increase in farming led to an emphasis on a matrlineal inheritance system.
Term
On the eve of European colonization of the Americas, most Western Europeans lived in
 Definition
small, relatively isolated, rural communities
Term
In traditional European peasant societies, deaths
 Definition
peaked in January and February and again in August and September.
Term
The social order in Europe around 1450 is most accurately described as being
 Definition
hierarchical and authoritarian
Term
Before the Europeans made significant contact with West Africa,
 Definition
slaves were sometimes sold into bondage by their families
Term
The European trade in African slaves was initiated in the fifteenth century by the
 Definition
Portugueese
Term
Christopher Columbus's success in reaching North America can be attributed primarily to his
 Definition
luck, because he had seriously underestimated the size of the globe and the width of the Atlantic Ocean.
Term
In October 1492, Columbus, his men, and his ships reached
 Definition
an island in the Bahamas
Term
The Spanish conquistadors who followed Columbus to the Americas in the early sixteenth century we primarily driven by
 Definition
a thirst for battle and riches as well as land in the conquered territory and titles of nobility.
Term
Typically, when an English woman of the fifteenth century married, she
 Definition
gave up ownership of her property to her husband.
Term
Following the conquest of the Aztecs, the Spanish were able to extend their control mostly because of
 Definition
smallpox and other epidemics that decimated the native inhabitants
Term
The number of Indians living in Mesoamerica declined from about 30 million in the fifteenth century to approximately 3 million by 1650 because
 Definition
disease carried by Europeans decimated most Indian tribes who came into contact with Europeans
Term
Martin Luther believed that
 Definition
people could be saved only by grace, which was a gift from God.
Term
Martin Luther
 Definition
discouraged peasants' resistance to their manorial lords.
Term
King Henry VIII initiated the English Reformation by
 Definition
declaring himself supreme head of the Church of England but making few changes in traditional religious dogma, organization, or ritual.
Term
The Puritans in late sixteenth-century England
 Definition
championed literacy so the everyone could read and interpret the Bible.
Term
Martin Luther's challenge to the Catholic Church most closely coincided with
 Definition
Cotes's invasion of Mexico
Term
By the 1560's, Spain main policy in North America was to
 Definition
prevent other European states from establishing bases there, which could threaten Spain's power
Term
Which of the following statements most accurately characterizes Native Americans' response to enforced Christianization in the Spanish Francisan missions during the seventeenth century?
 Definition
They tolerated the teachings of the missionaries but returned to their traditional deities when disaster struck their communities
Term
As a result of the presence of French traders and explorers in the Great Lakes region during the seventeenth century,
 Definition
a devastating series of wars erupted among tribes vying for the opportunity to trade animal skins for European-manufactured goods.
Term
After the first English settlements in North America failed,
 Definition
merchants took charge of English expansion
Term
During the first couple years in the Jamestown colony, the English migrants
 Definition
suffered from famine and diseases that killed more than half the population.
Term
The Virginia colonists John Rolfe
 Definition
introduced tobacco production in the colony.
Term
Which of the following statements most accurately characterizes the response of England to tabacco from the New World?
 Definition
The English developed an insatiable appetite despite the king's disapproval of the habit.
Term
Which of the following statements most accurately characterizes life in the seventeenth-century Chesapeake region?
 Definition
Disease took such a toll that most families were affected, and both parents rarely survived to see their children reach adulthood.
Term
In early Virginia and Maryland, most indentured servants
 Definition
did not escape form poverty
Term
By the late seventeenth century, the economic life of the Chesapeake region was dominated by
 Definition
planters-merchants
Term
Bacon's Rebellion
 Definition
showed how dissatisfied the western settlers of Virginia had become with the emerging planter-merchant elite.
Term
Bacons Rebellion contributed to the rise of slavery in the Chesapeake region
 Definition
by convincing the landholding elite that the presence of a large class of white indentured servants was dangerous and that the colony's labor needs should be met by black slaves.
Term
The Mayflower Compact
 Definition
was the first "constitution" adopted in North America.
Term
When they settled in the New World, the Puritans
 Definition
pictured themselves as a select few chosen by God to preserve true Christianity in America.
Term
In the 1630's, the Puritans of the Massachusetts Bay Colony
 Definition
Insisted that only men who were church members could vote.
Term
Puritan magistrates were angry with Anne Hutchinson because she
 Definition
claimed that believers recieved direct revelation form God.
Term
The majority of persons arrested on charges of witchcraft in Salem
 Definition
were women
Term
The Puritans justified their invasion of the Native Americans' land by
 Definition
interpreting epidemics that devastated Native American populations as a favorable sign from God
Term
The Puritans believed that Native Americans
 Definition
had been placed in America by "the devil" to prevent the spread of the Gospel there.
Term
As a result of the fur trade, most Indian tribes of the North American interior
 Definition

were eager to control it in order to obtain European goods.

 
Term
Farmwives throughout the colonies comtributed to their families by
 Definition
performing a wide range of duties both inside the house and in the familt fields; they were subordinate yet essential contributors to the families welfare.
Term
Which of the following statements most accurately describes inheritance in the colonial New England?
 Definition
Fathers had a cultural duty to provide inheritances for their children.
Term

Which of the following statements most accurately describes rural life in the New England colonies during the eighteenth century?

 Definition
European visitors found that the sense of personal worth and dignity in rural New England contrasted sharply with European peasant life. 
Term
Which of the following statements most accurately characterizes women's property rights in the English colonies?
 Definition
When a woman married, legal ownership of all her personal property passed to her husband.
Term
Which of the following statements most accurately describes sexuality in eighteenth century New England?
 Definition
Young people increasingly used premarital pregnancy to force their parents into allowing them to marry.
Term
Which of the following statements most accurately characterizes the socioeconomic status of families in the middle colonies during the eighteenth century?
 Definition
In some countries, half the white men were landless.
Term
Which of the following statements most accurately characterizes Quaker's social values in early Pennsylvania?
 Definition
Quaker's pacifism prevented friction with Native Americans until the 1750's.
Term
Settling in eighteenth-century America, most German immigrants
 Definition
tended to hold themselves culturally apart by marrying among themselves and speaking German; otherwise, they were loyal subjects.
Term
Pietism, which arrived in America at about the same time as the Enlightenment
 Definition
was an evangelistic movement that stressed humans' dependence on God.
Term
The evangelist George Whitefield's attitude toward slavery and Africans was that
 Definition
the brutality of slave owners was sinful, and Africans should be brought within the Christian fold.
Term
In protesting the Sugar Act in 1764, the speaker and various members of the Massachusetts House of Representatives
 Definition
shifted the terms of the debate from a squabble over revenue to a confrontation over the constitutional requirement that the imposition of taxes receive the people's consent.
Term
Which of the following statements most accurately characterizes the issues at stake in the debate over the Sugar Act of 1764?
 Definition
American critics were justified in suspecting that key British politicians and officials regarded the colonists as second-class citizens who had to accept-without protest- whatever decisions were made by Parliment
Term
Which of the following statements most accurately characterizes responses to the planned Stamp Act?
 Definition
British politicians, with the exception of William Pitt, refused to consider the idea of American representation in Parliment.
Term
At the same time that Parliment imposed the Stamp Act, it also passed the Quartering Act, which required
 Definition
colonial governments to provide barracks and food for British troops.
Term
The Stamp Act Congress held in New York in 1765
 Definition
protested loss of American rights and liberties and declared that only elected representatives could impose taxes on colonists.
Term
Members of activist groups, such as the Sons of Liberty, were typically
 Definition
artisans, shopkeepers, poor laborers, and seamen
Term
How did the outcome of the Stamp Act crisis of 1765 compare to that of the crisis of the Townshed duties in 1768?
 Definition
The stakes had risen: In 1765, American resistance to taxation had provoked an argument in Parliment; in1768 it produced a British plan for military coercion.
Term

The British government's resolve to punish the American boycotters faltered by 1768 because

 Definition
riots in Britain protesting food shortages and exploitation of the situation by Radical Whigs distracted the ministry.
Term
The Revenue Act of 1767
 Definition
reorganized the customs service and created four vice-admiralty courts in colonial cities, threatening American automony
Term
The restraining Act of June 1767
 Definition
suspended the New York assembly until the port of New York obeyed the Quartering Act.
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