Term
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Definition
| 1865-77, the period following the civil war during which states of the confederacy were controlled by Federal government and social legislation, such as the granting of new rights to African Americans, was introduced |
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Term
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Definition
| Also known as the War Plan or 10% plan, it was a model for reinstatement of Southern states. It decreed that a state could be reintegrated into the Union when 10% of voters had taken an oath of allegiance to the U.S. and pledged to abide by emancipation, formally elect a state government and write a new state constitution, but it had to abolish slavery forever. |
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Term
| Presidential Plan (Johnson): |
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Definition
| Like Lincolns plan, Johnson agreed to pardon Confederate who takes an oath of loyalty except southerners who owned over $20,000 in assets, who need to write a letter asking him personally to pardon them (ultimately 13,000 confederates). The 13th amendment was established along with the freedman’s bureau. |
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Term
| Congressional or Radical Reconstruction Act of 1877: |
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Definition
| Federal government took control of southern state government, selected governors, required states to re-write state constitution that abolished slavery, gave the freedmen the right to vote and ratified the 14th Amendment. |
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Term
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Definition
| Benjamin Wade and Henry Winter Davis wrote a plan for reconstruction requiring 50% voter allegiance, and in order to rejoin congress, a Confederate had to vow that they never willingly supported the Confederacy. This bill put Congress in charge of Reconstruction. |
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Term
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Definition
| Lincoln’s assassinator, Friday after Appomattox courthouse surrender |
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Term
| Joint Committee on Reconstruction: |
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Definition
| A committee led by Radical Republican formed to decide if the Southern States were entitled to be represented in either house of congress |
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Term
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Definition
| Congress established this agency in March 1865, which provided food, clothing, and fuel to destitute former slaves and white refugees, as well as advice on negotiating labor contracts. It attempted to oversee new relations between freedmen and their former masters. It was the first federal welfare agency. |
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Term
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Definition
Codes that were passed in former slave states that restricted the Freedmen, who were emancipated but not yet full citizens. The codes:
1. Denied blacks voting rights
2. Restricted where they could live
3. Restricted what jobs they could have
4. Stated that they couldn’t own fire arms
5. Stated that if you didn’t have a job, you went to jail
The Black codes were abolished in 1866 |
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Term
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Definition
| Marked the end of Johnson’s influence? |
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Term
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Definition
| Stated that the President can’t fire cabinet members without the Senate’s approval. This was passed in response to Johnson wanting to fire Secretary of War Edwin Stanton |
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Term
| Impeachment of President Andrew Johnson: |
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Definition
| Johnson decides to fire Stanton, a man acting as a mole for Congress, defying the Tenure of Office Act. Congress impeached him but did not succeed in convicting him (off by one vote) |
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Term
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Definition
| A war hero very honest man, a-political, but ran as a Republican, served 2 terms, had a very corrupt cabinet |
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Term
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Definition
| A group of Ex-Confederates advocating white supremacy and acting as terrorists while hidden behind conical hats, masks and white robes. The KKK has a record of terrorism, violence, and lynching to intimidate, murder, and oppress African Americans. |
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Term
| KKK Acts or Enforcement Acts: |
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Definition
| Destroyed the KKK (1870) passed by Congress to limit, if not cease, actions of the Ku Klux Klan |
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Term
| General Amnesty Act 1872: |
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Definition
| Signed by Ulysses S Grant when he was elected, gave rights to all ex-confederates to hold office |
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Term
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Definition
| In exchange for becoming president, Rutherford agreed to withdraw federal troops from South, to allow Southerners to hold federal jobs, and to appoint a southerner to his cabinet. This would fully reintegrate the South back into the United States and end reconstruction. |
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Term
| Scalawags (A) and carpetbaggers (B): |
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Definition
| (A) white southerners who were loyal to the union. (B) corrupt northerners who were supposedly taking advantage of the south when they were down |
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Term
| Impact of Reconstruction: |
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Definition
| Reconstruction created economic weakness in the south because the southern economy was completely dependant on agriculture and therefore the labor force of the slaves, and it also failed the freedmen |
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Term
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Definition
| It established that “separate but equal is okay” |
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Term
| Who was the leader of the New South Movement: |
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Definition
| Henry Grady was the stimulus behind the New South Movement and pushed for the south to become more industrialized like the North |
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Term
| Settlement of the West: Miners |
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Definition
1. paved the way for the next settlers to expand to the West
2. attracted attention to the West
3. Gold and silver from the West stimulated the economy |
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Term
| Settlement of the West: Cattlemen |
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Definition
o Emerged after the war to drive cattle to Kansas in order to end the meat shortage, the idea of a cattle drive came from Joseph McCoy
o Cattle drive’s peaked in 1871
o The invention of barbed wire and the expansion of railroads to Texas caused cattle driving to end |
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Term
| Settlement of the West: Farmers |
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Definition
| o Came as the result of land policies, but it was extremely difficult to sustain yourself on the land because it was so harsh and dry |
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Term
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Definition
| A community of 200 freedmen, led by Benjamin ‘Pap’ Singleton that expanded over 7,600 acres. The freedmen were leaving the south to make better lives for themselves in the west |
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Term
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Definition
| Panning for gold on a larger scale, also known as Longtom and slough mining |
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Term
| Shawnee or Sedalia Trail: |
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Definition
| First cattle drive trail, essentially along modern day I-35 |
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Term
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Definition
| Cattlemen Charles Goodnight and Oliver Loving established this trail in 1866, followed a route of Butterfield Overland Mail, joining their herds to that of John S. Chisum in New Mexico |
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Term
| Joseph Glidden & Barbed Wire: |
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Definition
| The invention of barbed wire caused people to fence land and eventually caused cattle drives to end, because it wasn’t open range and caused the range wars of West (war over water between big rancers and little ranchers) |
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Term
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Definition
| 20,000 acres of land to states who would create an agricultural college, example A&M Aggies |
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Term
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Definition
| 160 acres, buy land for $1.25 an acre outright or work it for 5 years |
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Term
| Transcontinental Railroad: |
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Definition
| U.S Railroad also known as the Pacific Railroad completed in 1869 between Omaha Nebraska and Sacramento California. This railroad connected the Atlantic to the Pacific and meets at Promontory Summit, Utah. This RR established a transcontinental mechanized transportation network that revolutionized the population and economy of the American West |
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Term
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Definition
| A company designed to limit the liability of stockholders and maximize profits from construction with the hefty fees being paid by federal subsidies. There was a huge scandal, and the people a part of it got fabulously rich, seeing as the railroad cost $50 million to build and the government paid $94 million to build it |
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Term
| Western Indians: Plains Indians |
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Definition
o Sioux, Comanche, Blackfoot, etc
o Warlike Indians, nomadic because of the introduction of horses |
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Term
| Western Indians: South Western Indians |
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Definition
o Pueblo, Zuni, Navaho, Hopi
o Herded sheep, some farmed, dessert seed |
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Term
| Col (Reverend) J.M. Chivington: |
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Definition
| Responsible for the Sand Creek Massacre, while Indians in Colorado meeting to discuss peace with the Governor, Chivington massacred the sleeping tribes and slaughtered over 500 Indians, most of them women and children. It was a disgusting act that was not supported by the government or any military officer |
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Term
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Definition
| While patrolling in Eastern Montana and scouting the Indians, Brevet General/Lt. Col George Armstrong Custer decided to take on a group of 50 Lakota-Northern Cheyenne warriors for no reason at all, unknowingly taking on the entire tribe who was just down the river. The counter attack wiped out the entire American troop , 268 men killed, including Custer and two of his brothers |
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Term
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Definition
| This act was passed when the government decided to be humane towards the Indians and began to assimilate them into American society and give them land (mainly in Oklahoma), they dissolved tribal autonomy, put Indian children in boarding schools, etc. |
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Term
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Definition
| A policy set by the United States Congress in the 1950s and 1960s to assimilate the Native Americans (Indians) into mainstream American society. The intention was to terminate the US government's trusteeship of Indian reservations and make Indians assume all responsibilities of full citizenship, this act almost destroyed numerous tribes and was eventually reversed by Nixon |
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Term
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Definition
| Invented vulcanized rubber used for car tires |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Credited with the invention of the lightbulb, the moving picture, and the phonograph |
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Term
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Definition
| Revolutionized steel, super heated steel in order to burn out the carbon and other impurities to make the steel stronger |
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Term
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Definition
| the perfect example of living the “American Dream”. Created the largest steel company (named after himself), was the first to vertically and horizontally monopolize. In 1941, he retired as one of the richest men in the world |
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Term
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Definition
| : Created Standardized oil, went into oil business in 1863 and by 1870 he had the largest oil company because of his use of verticle and horizontal monopoly. The benefits of standardized oil was that it lowered prices and made oil more available |
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Term
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Definition
| Survival of the fittest applied to business and workers. Companies who work the hardest will survive, those best able to adapt and change with the times will succeed, the reason that people fail is due to their own laziness, stupidity and/or carelessness |
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Term
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Definition
| Responsible for applying Darwin’s theory of survival of the fittest to the business world |
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Term
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Definition
| the problems with monopolies is that there was no attempt to control them, and as a result of monopolies prices go up and quality goes down because there is no competition |
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Term
| Triangle Shirtwaist Factory Fire: |
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Definition
| 1911, NYC, 600 immigrant women worked in a textile factory on the top three floors of the factory, a fire broke out due to unknown reasons, possibly due to open flame lamps or smoking and the highly flammable lint floating in the air, and the 9th floor of the building was not warned. The fire exits were not clearly marked and the stairwells were blocked, so they had to use the fire escape off the side of the building, which broke under the weight of the women, causing 146 deaths. This got the attention of the people and began the radicalized work movement for better labor conditions |
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Term
| Sherman Anti-Trust Act, 1890: |
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Definition
| Established to prevent monopolies, any attempt to constrain trade was considered illegal, eventually this act was used against the Unions because strikes were considered attempted constraint on trade |
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Term
| Interstate Commerce Commission: |
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Definition
| First independent regulatory agency created by federal government made for railroads |
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Term
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Definition
| People moved out of the rural areas and into the urban cities in order to work in factories |
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Term
| American Federation of Labor (AFL): |
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Definition
| Started by Samuel Gompers, a cigar roller, it was an organization of many unions of skilled workers, seldom women and blacks, they thought that capitalism is good but needs reform, wanted the workers to get more, bigger piece of the pie |
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Term
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Definition
| Peaked in the 1880s, there was a million members, led by Uriah Stephens, pushed for health and safety laws, 8 hours work day, open to black/white, male/female, closed to bankers, lawyers, alcoholics, gamblers, liquor salesmen, pimps, it was a generally violent organization, failed by the 1890s, killed by strike failures and lack of communication and American fear of radicals |
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Term
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Definition
| Leader of Knights of Labor |
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Term
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Definition
| A cigar roller who led the American Federation of Labor |
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Term
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Definition
| A Carnegie steel plant had such horrible working conditions that 300 men were killed and 200 wounded in one year, union threatened to strike, Carnegie left to Henry Frick in charge, an avid union hater, Frick locked out workers, workers refuse to leave, Frick hires Pinkertons in boats, stand off for multiple days, National guard called to end the strike |
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Term
| Haymarket Riot, Chicago 1886: |
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Definition
| Railroad workers strike demanded safer working conditions, and a shorter workweek, Federal government broke up the strike because they were obstructing the mail, railroad workers had a demonstration to protest the violence, but unbeknownst to the workers, the protest was organized by Anarchists, they gathered in Haymarket Square, bombs went off, 8 policemen dead and 4 bystanders dead, turned American people against the Unions |
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Term
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Definition
| Went on strike, 12 people killed in riots, this strike sets precedent for injunctions to prevent the Union form gong on strike |
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Term
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Definition
| Wanted to end isolation on farms, bring culture to farms through dances, concerts, libraries, educate farmers by giving them new and improved farming techniques, wanted to use politics to improve economic status of farmers, very powerful in Midwest (Great Lakes) and in the state government |
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Term
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Definition
| 5 million members, over production and soil loss, co-ops all in this together to get a higher price, screwed over the brokers, brokers sued |
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Term
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Definition
| came from the Famers Alliance, originated in Omaha, Nebraska, first to come up with specific platforms and claims |
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Term
| Populist Party targeted Supporters: |
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Definition
| Farmers and Urban Factory Workers |
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Term
| What were the planks designed to get the support of the farmers? |
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Definition
a. Federal ownership of railroad, telegraph, telephones
b. Graduate income tax, the higher the income, the higher the tax
c. Flexible federal spending
i. Free silver is the cause of the depression |
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Term
| What were the planks designed to get the support of the urban factory workers? |
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Definition
a. Shorter work week
b. Restrict immigration
c. Make government more responsive
d. Wanted to require the Australian ballot, or secret ballot
e. Right for initiative and referendum, you could put whatever you want on the ballot
f. Popular election of senators, used to be through legislature |
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Term
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Definition
| A political coalition in the Southern United States during the Reconstruction era, who sought to oust the Republican coalition of freedmen, carpetbaggers and scalawags |
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Term
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Definition
| Location of the first flakes of gold found in California that started the Gold Rush craze |
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Term
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Definition
| The first major U.S. deposit of silver ore, discovered under what is now Virginia City, Nevada. After the discovery was made public in 1859, prospectors rushed to the area and scrambled to stake their claims. Mining camps soon thrived in the vicinity, which became bustling centers of fabulous wealth. |
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Term
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Definition
| After huge immigration to the North, there was a meat shortage, so Joseph McCoy came up with the idea to drive the cattle to the northern railroads to sell in the North. The men that drove the cattle were a type of cowboy and became known as _________? |
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Term
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Definition
| It gave squatters a chance to participate in the homestead act before the public. It permitted squatters on government land who were heads of households, widows, or single men over 21; who were citizens of the United States, or intended to become naturalized; and who had lived there for at least 14 months to purchase up to 160 acres (65 hectares) at a very low price (not less than $1.25 per acre) before the land was offered for sale to the public. |
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Term
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Definition
| The process of social and economic change whereby a human group is transformed from a pre-industrial society into an industrial one |
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Term
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Definition
| The general name for a movement between 1867 and 1896 remarkable for a radical socio-economic propaganda that came from what was considered the most conservative class of American society. |
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