Term
| How many times was America "discovered"? |
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Definition
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Term
| 1st time america was discovered was _____________ |
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Definition
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Term
| 1st people to find america ______________ from _______________ to _____________ |
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Definition
| migrated; Eastern Asia; Alaska |
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Term
| 1st people to find America walked across the _______________ a ____________ formed in the last ice age when ocean levels dropped. |
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Definition
| Bering Strait; land bridge |
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Term
| 1st people to find America made the journey in search of _____________ |
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Definition
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Term
| 1st people to find America became ____________________ |
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Definition
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Term
| 1st people to find America were _______________ |
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Definition
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Term
| 2nd people to find America were _________________ |
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Definition
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Term
| Vikings found America in _______________ |
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Definition
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Term
| A fierce group of non-christian conquerors and explorers who terrorized Europe. Discovered Iceland, Greenland, and North America. |
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Definition
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Term
| A Viking named_____________________ lead the colony in America called ________________ |
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Definition
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Term
| Why did the Vikings abandon Vinland? |
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Definition
| The Vikings abandoned Vinland over an arguement about who got to sleep in the good house. |
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Term
| Did Columus Know about the Vikings and Vinland? |
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Definition
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Term
| 3rd people to find America were ____________ |
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Definition
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Term
| When did Columbus find America? |
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Definition
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Term
| All the countries of Europe wanted ________ from Asia. |
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Definition
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Term
| _________ wanted to sail west from Europe around the back of the planet to get to Asia. |
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Definition
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Term
| How many times had Columbus' route been taken? |
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Definition
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Term
| _________ gave Columbus money to get ________ ships together? |
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Definition
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Term
| What were the names of Columbus' ships? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Where did Columbus think he arrived? |
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Definition
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Term
| Who realized that Columbus didn't land in Asia? |
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Definition
| The Spanish and other Europeans following him |
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Term
| Why didn't the Spanish and other Europeans following Columbus turn back when they realized he wasn't in Asia? |
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Definition
| Because they wanted to make colonies, and they did make colonies. |
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Term
| The movement of people from one area to another ... |
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Definition
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Term
| When a country sends some of its people outside the country to claim and live at a place the country controls, it is a _________. |
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Definition
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Term
| Something that can be eaten as food |
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Definition
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Term
| The study of human past before written records |
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Definition
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Term
| The Aztec and Maya were the most developed ________ cultures in North America. |
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Definition
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Term
| The Aztec and the Maya both lived in... |
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Definition
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Term
| The Aztec capital was called .... and was located where .... is today. |
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Definition
| Tenochtitlan; Mexico City |
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Term
| The Maya were in southeastern Mexico on the .... |
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Definition
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Term
| Four achievements of the Maya |
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Definition
1. They had a writing system
2. Excellent understanding of astronomy (movement of stars and planets)
3. Excellent calendar (comes to end in 2012)
4. Polytheistic religion involving many gods and rituals that called for human sacrifice. |
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Term
| Four achievements of the Aztec |
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Definition
1. They had a writing system
2. Polytheistic religion involving human sacrifice
3. They were wiped out by smallpox (actually brought by the Spanish)
4. The Spanish conquistador Cortex led the destruction of the Aztec.
4. |
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Term
| Four achievements of the Incas: |
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Definition
1. They were the largest, most complex native American society in South America.
2. They built a large network of roads to connect to towns and roads in their empire.
3. They grew potatoes.
4. Were wiped out by Spanish conquistador Pizzaro. |
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Term
| The secret mountaintop city of ________, which still stands today, was probably the most impressive achievement of Incas. It is located in the Andes Mountains in South America. The Spanish never found it. |
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Definition
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Term
| A European word for North and South America before they started calling in America. |
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Definition
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Term
| Europe (Europe is a continent, not a country!) was called.... |
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Definition
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Term
| The exchange of fruits, vegetables, plants and animals between the Old World and the New World following Columbus' voyage... |
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Definition
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Term
| The exchange of fruits, vegetables, plants and animals between the Old World and the New World following Columbus' voyage... |
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Definition
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Term
| The exchange of fruits, vegetables, plants and animals between the Old World and the New World following Columbus' voyage... |
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Definition
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Term
| Examples of Europe-to-America trade: |
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Definition
| horses, small pox (a devastating disease Europeans carried but were immune to) |
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Term
| Examples of America-to-Europe trades |
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Definition
| potatoes, tobacco, tomatoes, chocolate, corn, and syphilis (a disease not nearly as bad as smallpox) |
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Term
| In order to avoid getting into a fight over the new land they were exploring and colonizing, the countries of Spain and Portugal went to the head of the Catholic Church (the Pope) to draw up a treaty. Both countries were Catholic, so they had to listen to the Pope. The treaty drew a line from north to south about halfway across the Atlantic Ocean. Portugal got the east part, and Spain got the west. Spain got North and South America, and Portugal got Africa and Brazil. What is the treaty called? |
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Definition
| The Treaty of Tordesilles |
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Term
| An event in Europe around the year 1500 that had to do with religion. For 1,000 years, since the fall of Rome, the Catholic Church was the most powerful group in Europe, pretty much everyone in Europe was Catholic. The _______ happened, and a bunch of new religions started. About half of the Catholics switched to new religions, which often hated Catholics (and sometimes each other), and some came to America and founded colonies. |
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Definition
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Term
| The English would end up making _______ colonies in America. |
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Definition
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Term
| ________ is also called The Lost Colony. It failed and its people vanished off the face of the earth. It was the first colony England started. |
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Definition
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Term
| The second colony started by the English is _________. It was started in __________ in the year ________. |
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Definition
| Jamestown; in Virginia; in 1607. |
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Term
| The third colony started by the English was ________. It was founded by one of the religions that was started by the Protestant Reformation, the Puritans, in the year ________. On the journey over from England, aboard their ship, the ________, the people of the colony wrote and agreed to rules for the colony, which they called the ____________. |
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Definition
| Third colony = Plymouth, Massachusetts; in the year 1620; aboard the Mayflower; the rules were the Mayflower Compact. |
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Term
| Why was the Mayflower Compact important? |
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Definition
| The Mayflower Compact was the first time the colonists wrote their own rules. |
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Term
| The first crop grown in the English colonies was _______ from Jamestown. |
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Definition
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Term
| The 13 colonies were divided into three main sections. What were they? |
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Definition
New English
Middle colonies
Southern colonies |
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Term
| The largest city in the New England colonies is ________. |
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Definition
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Term
| New York was started by _______ as a fur-trading colony. New York City was originally called _________. |
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Definition
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Term
| Pennsylvania was started by _______, a Protestant religion that believed slavery was wrong, violence was wrong, women are equals, and Native Americans were humans, too. The largest city in Pennsylvania is ________. |
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Definition
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Term
| Bacon was a farmer living on the frontier in Virginia. In _____, native americans kept attacking him and his neighbors, and the governor wouldn't send any help (the governor was making money trading fur with native americans and didn't want to upset them.) Bacon and his neighbors marched to Jamestown and set it on fire. Bacon's men broke up, and Bacon died in a swamp. What was the name of this event? |
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Definition
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Term
| In the ______, agriculture (farming) was widespread. First the big crop was tobacco, and later it was _______. The cities weren't as big and there was little industry (manufacturing things). |
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Definition
| Southern colonies; cotton. |
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Term
| In the _____ colonies, people were more religious, education of children was more important, and people lived longer because of fewer diseases. Manufacturing was widespread and fishing was a big money-maker, as was shipbuilding. |
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Definition
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Term
| "_________" was the colonists' sarcastic name for the native american chief Metacomet. His tribe lived in Massachusetts. and the colonists got into a fight that broadened into a war. Many colonists were killed, but almost all the native americans in New England were killed in return. What was this event called? |
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Definition
| King Phillip; King Phillips War. |
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Term
| ____________ was a document the king of England was forced to sign which gave 1/3 of his power to the nobles in 1215. |
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Definition
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Term
| ________ was the group of people in England who make laws for the country. By the time of the colonies they had 1/2 the power of the King. |
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Definition
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Term
| in 1732-1740, in the colonies, alot of people became more religious. An ENGLISH PREACHER GEORGE WHITFIELD CAME OVER AND HELD LARGE RIVIVALS (out door religious gatherings). This was called _____________. |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the dates for the French and Indian War? |
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Definition
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Term
| The period in US History before we count are a country. From the start of Jamestown (1607)-The Revolution (1775) was called the ____________. |
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Definition
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Term
| A war in which the two sides were England vs. France. Both had Native American allies. George Washington got his first military experience in this war. England won. This war was ended by the Tready of Paris. The war was called _____________________. |
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Definition
| The French and Indian War. |
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Term
| name 4 results of the French and Indian War |
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Definition
-England gets all land east of the Mississippi
-Spain gets all land west of the Mississippi
-France losses all land except New Orleans :(
-England is in debt from money sent in the war |
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Term
| what is a word meaning "having to do with money"? |
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Definition
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Term
| what is someone during the colonial period who agreed to act as a slave for someone for a period of a few years, after which you are free . They usually agreed to do this in exchange for having passage over sea from Europe paid for. This replaced Slavery in the Colonial Period called |
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Definition
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Term
| when something is brought into a country, usually brought from an other country it is called ____________. |
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Definition
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Term
| when something is taken out of a country, usually bought by another country it is called _____________. |
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Definition
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Term
| what is the economic theory followed by England from the 16th - 18th centuries. It said it is important to export more than import and that colonists are there to enrich and send materials to its home country called? |
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Definition
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Term
| what were the laws passed by parlement in 1650-1697 that limited England's colonies to to only selling materials to England and only buying finished products from England. The colonists did not like this and violated laws by smugiling called? |
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Definition
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Term
| A trading pattern that came about during the colonial period in which ships would travel from America to Europe and trade ________ for guns, then travel from Europe to Africa and trade guns for _________, and then travel back to America and trade ________ for _________. And then the cycle repeats. |
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Definition
| Triangular trade; lumber for guns; guns for slaves; then slaves for lumber. |
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Term
| Illegal importing or exporting of things. |
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Definition
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Term
| A law passed by England's parliament just after the French and Indian War that said the colonists couldn't settle west of the Appalachain Mountains. England did this to save the land for their native american allies. The colonists saw new land being available to the west as a God-given right, so they settled west of the Appalachain Mountains anyway. This made England look too weak to enforce laws. |
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Definition
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Term
| The oldest and most awesome founding father. Before the Revolution, he was already famous. He was a Philadelphia printer whose newspaper (Poor Richard's Almanac) was very popular and widely read. His inventions included the lightening rod, bifocals, a new type of stove, a glass harmonica, etc. He mainly studied electricity. |
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Definition
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Term
| The name for the law-making bodies in each colony. They had to cooperate with the governor for that colony and often did not get along. |
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Definition
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Term
| A rich Virginia tobacco farmer. he fought in the French and Indian War. During the Revolution, he was the main general for our Army. After the Revolution, he was the first president. He was a good general and a good president, and a slave owner (nobody's perfect). |
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Definition
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Term
| A rich Virginia tobacco farmer. This man wrote the Declaration of Independence and was an ambassador to France. He also was the third president. |
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Definition
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Term
| The angriest colonist. He was the loudest voice calling for Revolution and he lived in Boston. |
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Definition
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Term
| A tax on sugar and molasses in 1764. |
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Definition
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Term
| This made colonists pay for stamps on most official documents (marriage licenses, bills of sale, dice, and a lot of other papers). The colonists were mad because they were now being taxed on things that were not imported or exported. |
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Definition
| Stamp Act, 1764, same year as the Sugar Act |
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Term
| The worst terrorist attack in U.S. history led by al Qaeda. Four planes invaded. Two flew into the Twin Towers (The World Trade Center), and one took on the Pentagon. Both of the Twin Towers collapsed after being burned by jet fuel, killing 2606. 125 people died in the Pentagon. In a fourth plane (United 93), passengers tried to take over the cockpit and U93 crashed in a Pennsylvania field, killing 40 people. As a result of this, George W. Bush invaded Afghanistan and Iraq. Afghanistan was the headquarters of Al Qaeda and most people would have a hard time explaining why Iraq was invaded. |
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Definition
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Term
| The King of England, from the French and Indian War through the American Revolution. |
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Definition
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Term
| A colonist who did not want a revolution. By the revolution, 25% of colonists did not want a revolution. |
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Definition
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Term
| Why did the colonists like the assembly? |
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Definition
| The assembly were colonists chosen by the colonists chosen to represent the colony. |
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Term
| In 1767, a series of new taxes from England made the colonists mad in three different ways. What were the taxes called? |
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Definition
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Term
| What were the three reasons colonists didn't like the Townsend Acts? |
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Definition
1. Before the act, the assembly collected taxes and paid the governor. The act changed this by sending English tax collectors to collect the tax and pay the governor directly. This meant the assembly lost the power of not paying the governor if they didn't like what he was doing.
2. The act empowered English tax collectors to search any colonist's house to search for smuggled goods, even if they had no reason to think you had smuggled goods.
3. Part of the money from the taxes paid for lots of English soldiers to be stationed in the colonies to make sure the colonists followed the rules. |
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Term
| In 1770, Boston was the angriest of the colonies with the most protestors against English taxes. Lots of English soldiers were stationed there. One night, an argument started between several soldiers and a crowd of colonists. Tempers rose. Snowballs and then oyster shells were thrown. Somebody shouted "Fire" and the soldiers did, killing five colonists, including Samuel Grey. The incident was news all over the colonies. Paul Revere made a picture on the platter showing the soldiers and bloodthirsty and the colonists as innocents. This picture became very famous. John Adams defended the soldiers at their trial and proved them mostly innocent. What was this incident called? |
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Definition
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Term
| A Boston, Massachusetts lawyer. During the revolution, he went with Franklin to France but was not as popular as Franklin. After the revolution, he was Washington's vice president and the second U.S. president. |
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Definition
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Term
| This was an idea that Franklin floated during the French and Indian War. It suggested that the 13 colonies should become one big colony to better fight the French. The colonists said no. |
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Definition
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Term
| In 1773, yet another law was passed by parliament. It was not a tax on tea. The British East India Company ran India for England and mostly made tea. They were losing money. This law gave them permission to go straight to America and not have to stop in England, making the voyage less expensive. When they got to America, they could sell the tea cheap by not adding tax. The catch was they could only sell to Tory tea merchants who had taken a loyalty oath. To the colonists, this made it seem like they were being bribed by cheap tea to give up their beliefs. They protested, leading to the Boston Tea Party. |
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Definition
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Term
| This was the main colonist response to the Tea Act. It started as a protest led by Sam Adams and quickly got out of hand. It adopted the idea of dumping the tea into the harbor as a protest. Sixty men disguised themselves as Native Americans (almost as a joke) and dumped the tea from the three English ships into the Boston Harbor. Similar smaller protests took place in other towns later. The English responded to this with the Intolerable Acts. |
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Definition
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Term
| When people stop buying a product in order to punish the business or group that made it. The colonists did this against England in response to things. |
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Definition
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Term
| A group of colonists in favor of a revolution. They were organized in Boston by Sam Adams. |
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Definition
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Term
| Pro-revolutionary colonists from different colonies who agreed to keep in regular touch with letters to keep each other informed of the activities of England. |
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Definition
| Committees of Correspondence |
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Term
| In 1776, Thomas Paine wrote a pamphlet which attempted to convince the colonists that a revolution was needed. It was widely printed and very successful. |
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Definition
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Term
| A protest slogan amongst the colonists aimed at acts. The idea was that since colonies didn't get to send anyone to parliament to vote on these acts and taxes, that it was unfair to ask the colonists to pay them. |
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Definition
| No taxation without representation. |
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Term
| In 1774, England directly and angrily responded to the Boston Tea Party. It had several parts, most of which were aimed at punishing Boston and Massachusetts. The English called it The Coercive Acts. What did the colonists call it? |
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Definition
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Term
| What were the five parts of the Intolerable Acts? |
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Definition
1. Boston Harbor was closed until the tea from the BTP was paid for. This impacted almost everyone in Boston.
2. British officials who were accused of crime in the colonies would go home to England to stand trial, facing a nicer jury.
3. Quartering Acts. Colonists were expected to house and supply English troops.
4. New governor of Massachusetts.
5. The governor decides if and when the assembly meets. |
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Term
| In 1774, the colonists directly responded to the Intolerable Acts. All of the colonies except Georgia sent delegates. Georgia didn't send any because the English army was helping them with a Native American uprising and they didn't want to make them mad. They drafted a letter of protest about the Acts, and sent it to England, which England ignored. They decided to meet in a year. What was this gathering? |
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Definition
| The first continental congress. |
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Term
| Pro-revolutionary colonists, usually members of the colonial militias who were willing to grab their rifles at a "minute's" notice and defend their colony from Indians or English. |
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Definition
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Term
| April 18, 1775: This was the night the revolution started. There were lots of British troops in Boston and things were getting worse. Patriots (pro-revolution peeps) Sam Adams and John Hancock left Boston to avoid arrest. Paul Revere volunteered to stay behind and keep an eye on the English. When the British started moving, it was clear they would want to capture the large number of rifles stored at Concord. On the night of April 18, the English started marching. Revere headed out. Later joined by two men named Dawes and Prescott. Revere had three goals. What was this event called and what were his three goals? |
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Definition
The Midnight Ride of Paul Revere.
1. To warn Hancock and Adams that the English were coming to arrest them.
2. To warn people in general that the English troops were coming.
3. To secure colonial militia weapons at Concord before the British got there and took them all. |
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Term
| A treaty between the U.S. and England drawn up by the same guy who wrote some of the Federalist papers. It happened during the Washington administration. It mostly concerned trade. It was not very good. the U.S. really needed England to buy our stuff, but England could get the same stuff from a number of countries, so they didn't need us very much. England used this to keep the U.S. from getting very much in the treaty. The treaty was ______. |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the five parts of the First Amendment? |
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Definition
1. Freedom of speech
2. Freedom of religion
3. Freedom of press - that is, the right of newspeople to report the news of fact without being arrested.
4. The freedom of protest - the right to protest if you don't like what the government is doing.
5. Freedom of assembly - the right to hang out with and be friends with whomever you want. |
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Term
| The _________ contains the right to bear arms in order to form a well-regulated militia. |
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Definition
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Term
| Born poor in the British West Indies (the Carribean), and orphaned at a young age, he moved to the American colonies, became a lawyer, gained Washington's respect during the Revolution, and became his first Secretary of the Treasury. In that job, he successfully pushed to start the Bank of the United States and the U.S. Mint. He was killed in a duel by Aaron Burr. |
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Definition
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Term
| Started during the Washington administration, it was given a 20-year charter (it had permission to run for 20 years and then it would go out of business unless voted to stay in business). Unlike most banks, this bank was not owned by regular rich guys. This bank was owned by the U.S. government to put its money in and help regulate the economy by granted towns. |
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Definition
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Term
| __________, so it could start coining money for the whole nation. |
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Definition
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Term
| Our nation's first political party, it believed in a strong federal government and weaker state governments. Its leaders were John Adams and Alexander Hamilton. They are the ________. |
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Definition
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Term
| Our second political party, its leaders were Jefferson and Madison. It believed in more power to the states and less power to the federal government. They were originally called the anti-federalists. |
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Definition
| The Democratic Republicans (nothing to do with the modern democrat or republican parties) |
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Term
| In 1778, France was seizing U.S. ships headed to the Carribean (just like England was before Jay's Treaty. John Adams sent several people to negotiate with France. The French leader refused to see them and three of his agents demanded a huge bribe just to arrange a meeting. The Americans returned and told Adams, who was outraged. Adams gave a speech about it in which he referred to the three agents as X, Y, and Z because he did not know their real names. What is this called? |
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Definition
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Term
| A Supreme Court case that happened at the beginning of the Jefferson administration. John Adams and the Federalists lost the election after the Alien and Sedition Acts made the Federalists unpopular. Adams was mad, so one of the last things he did as president was make a bunch of "midnight appointments" of judges he knew Jefferson would hate -- Federalist judges. It was up to Adams' Secretary of State, John Marshall, to deliver those jobs. Marshall was extra busy because he had just become Chief Justice of the Supreme Court and was doing both jobs. Because of this, Marshall never delivered some of the jobs, including one to William Marbury. The new president, Thomas Jefferson, told his secretary of state the tiny James Madison not to deliver those jobs. Marbury sued Madison to force him to deliver the jobs, and the case went to the Supreme Court. Marshall was in charge of the Supreme Court and had a tough choice either way. What he decided was that the law which said this kind of case comes to them was unconstitutional and destroyed it with the ...green eye lasers....This power of the Supreme Court to declare laws unconstitutional and destroy them is called ___________ and they created this power for themselves in the case of this case, since it was not given to them in the Constitution. What was the case called? |
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Definition
| Judicial review; Marbury vs. Madison |
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Term
| This note should have come before Marbury vs. Madison and after the XYZ affair. Adams and the Federalists in Congress passed the _______ and _______ Acts. The _______ part made it much harder for immigrants to become citizens. The ________ part made it a crime to criticize the president and his political party. That violated the First Amendment and made people very mad. |
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Definition
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Term
| In 1803, President Jefferson paid France $15 million for a lot of land, doubling the size of the U.S. This land included the areas that would become Lousianna, Arkansas, Kansas, Iowa, Nebraksa and more. Jefferson send out an exploration to explore this land which was led by two men, Lewis and Clark. They made it all the way to the Pacific Ocean (which exceeded the land of the purchase). They were guided by a young native american woman named Sacajawia. What was this land purchase called? |
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Definition
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Term
| By about 1800, the main crop grown in the south was no longer tobacco, but cotton. Cotton was king! Many slaves were used on the cotton plantations. However, as the ground grew tired (from years of having the same crop grown on it), the cotton industry was fading, along with the need for slaves. Then a well-meaning man named Eli Whitney invented this simple device. It removed the seeds from an unpopular type of cotton quickly and easily, making it profitable to grow. Cotton was king again, and the demand for slaves soared. What was the device called? |
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Definition
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Term
| In 1793-1794, a revolt against the government during the Washington administration had occurred in six states. The efficiency with which the federal government put the rebellion down was seen as proof that the constitution and the empowered federal government were more effective. What was the rebellion called and what caused it? |
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Definition
| The Whiskey Rebellion, caused by a tax on whiskey. |
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Term
| A written letter to the country from George Washington to the country at the end of his term. It was long, but it had three strong themes. What was the letter called? |
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Definition
| Washington's Farewell Address. |
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Term
| What were the three themes of Washington's Farewell Address? |
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Definition
1. America is a religious country.
2. America should avoid developing political parties
3. America should avoid permanent "entangling alliances" with other countries and stay out of their wars. |
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Term
Put these six events in order:
Louisiana Purchase, Washington's Farewell Address, XYZ Affair, Whiskey Rebellion, Marbury vs. Madison, Alien and Sedition Acts |
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Definition
1. Whiskey Rebellion
2. Washington's Farewell Address
3. XYZ Affair
4. The Alien and Sedition Acts passed
5. Marbury v. Madison
6. Louisiana Purchase |
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Term
| In 1812 - 1815, America fought another war with England. It was caused by English aggression against our ships at sea and messing with our trade plus our desire to take over Canada. Future presidents Andrew Jackson and William Henry Harrison became war heroes. The English briefly occupied and burned Washington, D.C., and the White House. (P.S. James Madison was president.) The war increased Europe's respect for America. Now they were less likely to push us around as they had in Jay's Treaty and the XYZ Affair. What was the war called and what was the treaty called that ended the war? |
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Definition
| War of 1812; Treaty of Ghent |
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Term
| How is a federal law born? -- Five steps |
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Definition
1. A senator or representative proposes or writes a possible law called a Bill. (They don't like to be called William.) Some types of Bills have to start in one house (of Congress) or the other. (Bills that have to do with money must start in the House of Representatives.)
2. The Bill gets debated by both houses of Congress and goes through Congressional committees. It may be rewritten and changed many times during this part.
3. Both houses of Congress vote separately on the bill. If 51% or more of both houses vote for it, it goes to the president.
4. If the president likey the bill, he signs it and it becomes a law. If the president no likey the bill, he doesn't sign it, it is vetoed, and it goes back to Congress. This is an example of checks and balances.
5. If the president say no likey, Congress votes on the bill again. If 2/3 or more vote for it, then it becomes a law even though the president refused to sign it.
* Remember that if the law causes a court suit or criminal trial and that case of crime or complaint gets up to the Supreme Court, that the court might decide the law is unconstitutional and destroy it with green eye lasers, which is called judicial review* |
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Term
| In the debate about a war - any war - the people who want the war are called ________. The people who don't want war are called _________. |
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Definition
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Term
| So, a number of colonies started by Spain in Central America and South America started becoming independent countries around the same time. Mexico became a country separate from Spain in 1810, for example. European countries started to lend these new nations money knowing they would not be able to pay them back. The European countries then used this as an excuse to take the countries back over. The U.S. did not like this so President James Monroe issued the __________, saying said Europe could not make new colonies in America- that time was over. Also, it said the U.S. would act as a judge in these disputes over loans. Although it showed that the U.S. was more powerful after the War of 1812, although it was the U.S.'s, the muscle backing it up was the English Navy, not ours. P.S. This was in 1823. |
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Definition
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Term
| In 1839-39, one of the worst incidents between the U.S. and native americans happened. It started a few years earlier with passage of the Indian Removal Act, which was all about how to force inconvenient Native Americans west. Georgia wanted to remove thousands of Cherokee Indians. This led to a supreme court case called __________, which challenged Georgia's authority to remove the native americans. Good old John Marshall and the Supreme Court decided that the U.S. government had no authority over the natives. President Andrew Jackson made the bold decision of ignoring the decision. The path that they moved the Cherokee Indians on was called ________. Half to 3/4 of them died. |
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Definition
| Trail of Tears; court case = Woechester v. Georgia. |
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Term
| A political party formed out of the remains of the old Federalist party. It was a driving force made up of East-Coast rich types. Its goal was the opposite of Jackson and the Democrats. What was the Party called? |
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Definition
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Term
| During the Jackson administration, the federal government passed a law adding extremely high protective tariffs to the price of fancy imported goods. The rich planters who generally ran the South weren't happy, and South Carolina passed a state law saying opposite things from the federal law. Vice President John Calhoun said South Carolina had the right to do this (his "Nullification Theory") and President Jackson disagreed. After a tense back-and-forth, Jackson threatened to use the army to enforce the law and South Carolina backed down. This established that when a state law went against a federal law, federal law wins. This was called ____________. |
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Definition
| The Nullification Controversy. |
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Term
| A term first used by a newspaper journalist named O'Sullivan that meant it was America's proper fate to spread from sea to shining sea. That means that America should end up going from the Atlantic coast where it started to the Pacific. It also meant God wanted this to happen. |
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Definition
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Term
| A person who supports Manifest Destiny |
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Definition
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Term
| Someone who is anti-slavery |
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Definition
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Term
| In 1846-1848, a badly justified war between the U.S. and Mexico in which the U.S. took one half of Mexico's territory including Texas, California, Arizona, New Mexico, Nevada, and part of Colorado. The U.S. easily won this war. We took away half their country and then gave them the money that we had previously offered them for California but they'd turned down, because we felt bad. |
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Definition
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Term
| What were the seven steps to the Mexican War? |
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Definition
1. Texas was part of Mexico and became inhabited by a mixture of people from Mexico and people who moved there from America.
2. Tensions (anger) grew between the Mexican government and the former Americans living in Texas, so the former Americans started a revolution to make Texas an independent country.
3. The Alamo - a fight at a Spanish mission where Texas patriots took refuge against the Mexican army under General Santa Ana. The Texans lost, fighting to the last man.
4. Later the Texans defeated Santa Ana, chasing the remaining Mexicans out and declared the Republic of Texas an independent country. Mexico insists Texas is still part of Mexico, but the U.S. recognizes Texas as an independent country (P.S. It's 1836.).
5. Ten years pass. The U.S. offers Mexico a huge pile of $$$ to sell us California. Mexico no likey and say no.
6. The U.S., with support and cooperation of the Texans, declares Texas a state, knowing full well that Mexico still insists that Texas = part of Mexico.
7. President Polk sends in U.S. troops to defend our new state. A fight starts between the U.S. troops and the Mexican army across the border. BINGO - war started. |
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Term
| The treaty that ended the Mexican War was called _______. Although it included most of what is today Arizona, it did not include the southernmost part, including Tucson. |
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Definition
| The Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo |
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Term
| In 1840, the first meeting in America about women's rights was held. It was organized by Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Lucretia Mott. They issued a document called The Declaration of Independence in order to point out how lame it was that women were not given equal rights. This happened where? |
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Definition
| The Seneca Falls Convention in NY. |
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Term
| A term for the process which started in England in 1850. The general trend was for more and more people to go from working in farming to working in factories and living in cities. At first, water power from rivers was used to turn wheels and power textile factory machines. A man named Samuel Slater was the first person to bring water-powered factories to the U.S. When he memorized plans for the factory in England and snuck them out, which was against English law. By 1910, there were 80 water-powered textile factories in the U.S. |
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Definition
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Term
| The tax on imported goods (stuff). The amount XXX. |
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Definition
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Term
| The Industrial Revolution had the biggest impact on the _________ part of the country. This is important later when during the Civil War this part of the country had more factories (useful) and the other part of the country had way more cotton (comfortable, but less useful). |
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Definition
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Term
| Study James K. Polk song by They Must Be Giants |
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Definition
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Term
| A way of running a factory that started in Massachusetts and accidentally led to greater independence for women. Previously, young women were either daughters (controlled by fathers) or wives (controlled by husbands). This was to employ young women to work in factories. These women lived in women-only boarding houses where they rented rooms and got meals so for a few years before they married, these women were living away from home and making their own money. |
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Definition
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Term
| An 18th century writer who became famous for her lovely untitled poems which were published after her death. |
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Definition
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Term
| An 18th century famous poet whose best known work was Leaves of Grass. |
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Definition
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Term
| An 18th century writer who wrote horror stories/poems. His best work was The Raven. |
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Definition
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Term
| An 18th century writer whose best work was Moby Dick about a sea captain's crazy pursuit of a white whale. |
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Definition
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Term
| An 18th century writer very famous during his lifetime, a popular but troubled man with humor and wit. His best work was The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn. |
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Definition
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Term
| The man credited with the first steamboat in America. in 1807, he drove a steamboat from NYC to Albany. |
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Definition
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Term
| Another time in American history when people got more religious. This one happened in the 1820s and 1830s. |
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Definition
| The Second Great Awakening |
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Term
| The biggest issue that led to the Civil War was ____________. The Missouri Compromise, the Compromise of 1850, and the Kansas-Nebraska Act were all attempts to settle this question. |
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Definition
| Whether slavery should be allowed in new states and territories as they are added to the country. |
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Term
| The first attempt to settle the issue of whether slavery would be allowed in new territories or not as they are added to the country. At that time, there was balance in Congress between slave states and non-slave states, and both sides wanted to maintain that balance in Congress. The other part of this drew a line east to west on the map at Missouri's southern border and said future states north of that line would be free and south of that line would be slave states. (P.S. This was in 1820.) What was this called? |
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Definition
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Term
| A slave revolt in Virginia in 1831 led by a slave. The revolt led to the killing of about 55 white people. Led by religious visions, the slave and 50 other slaves went from house to house stabbing/slashing entire families of white people as they slept. The rebellion was soon scattered by the white militia and the main slave was captured, tried, found guilty and hung along with 55 other slaves. In addition, 200 other slaves were killed by angry white crowd in the days that followed the revolt, although they had nothing to do with it. What was the rebellion called? |
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Definition
| Nat Turner's Slave Revolt |
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Term
| When the people of the state or territory vote for themselves if slavery would be legal or illegal in their state or territory. |
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Definition
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Term
| The 2nd major attempt to deal with the issue of slavery in new states and territories, this had several parts. |
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Definition
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Term
| What were the three parts of the Compromise of 1850? |
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Definition
1. California is a new, free state ...north = :)
2. The New Mexican territory let into the country with popular sovereignty (who cares....nobody)
3. Fugitive Slave Act: Made it illegal to help runaway slaves. south = :) |
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Term
| A series of safe houses and guides (conductors) who helped escaping slaves on their way to the north. The most famous member of this system was Harriet Tubman, an escaped slave, nicknamed Moses, who led many slaves to freedom. |
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Definition
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Term
| An escaped slave and skillful abolitionist, he gave moving and eloquent speeches about having been a slave at abolitionist meetings and wrote about slavery in his autobiography. |
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Definition
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Term
| An abolitionist who published The Liberator - a newspaper dedicated to ending slavery. |
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Definition
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Term
| The man responsible for the Missouri Compromise. He was in Congress. |
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Definition
| Henry Clay (The Great Compromiser) |
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Term
| In 1853, the third attempt to deal with the issue of slavery in new states and territories was voted upon. This time, the people of two states would have popular sovereignty and vote for themselves. What was this act called? |
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Definition
| The Kansas and Nebraska Act |
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Term
| After the Kansas and Nebraska Act, people started to move to Kansas to influence the upcoming vote, and while they waited, they got in arguments which led to fights. What was this fighting called? |
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Definition
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Term
| A very influential book written by Harriet Beecher Stowe about a family of escaped slaves. She wrote it as an angry response to the Fugitive Slave Act, part of the Compromise of 1850. This book helped bring people to the abolitionist cause. |
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Definition
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Term
| In 1857, a Supreme Court case in which a slave sued for his freedom. Because his master had taken him to a free territory and lived with him there for several years (pst. the territory was free because of the Missouri Compromise). Sadly, the Supreme Court decided that the slave must remain a slave, plus they said the Missouri Compromise was unconstitutional and destroyed it. |
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Definition
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Term
| 1859 - an extreme abolitionist - like a terrorist extreme, but he sure hated slavery! - was a failure at every business he tried. he had about a jillion kids and was forced to move from state to state to avoid debt. In 1859, he attempted to start a slave revolt, which he hoped would widen into a religious war and end slavery. He seized a federal armory in Harper's Ferry, Virginia. However, instead of leading to a slavery-ending war, it led to his arrest and trial. The trial was big news, sharply dividing abolitionists. He was found guilty and hung. What was the name of this event? |
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Definition
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Term
| A series of debates in 1858 between Abraham Lincoln and a guy named ___________. This was when Lincoln was running for senator of Illinois, not President. Lincoln would lose this election and later go on to be president. The debates focused on the issue of slavery in new states and territories. Lincoln is generally looked at as the winner in the debates with his argument that slavery was acceptable where it was (though unpleasant), but should not be allowed to spread to anymore states and territories. (P.S. The other guys said slavery needed to stop immediately.) |
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Definition
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Term
| To leave or break away from a group. The South was trying to do this from the Union. |
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Definition
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Term
| The Civil War started in _______ when a number of Southern states seceded from the Union shortly after Lincoln was elected president. One of the first things Lincoln had to decide was if he was going to let those states secede or fight to make them stay in the Union. He chose to fight. |
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Definition
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Term
| If you'd asked Lincoln what his goal was in fighting the Civil War, particularly at the beginning, he would say "_____________." |
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Definition
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Term
| List three advantages of the North in the Civil War. |
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Definition
1. Bigger population
2. More factories and railroads
3. More international support |
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Term
| List the advantage of the South. |
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Definition
| 1. Better military officers. |
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Term
| The Confederate president was ________ and the main general was the president's old friend, __________. |
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Definition
| Jefferson Davis; Robert E. Lee |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| What are the other names for the North in the Civil War? |
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Definition
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Term
| What were the other names for the South during the Civil War? |
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Definition
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Term
| Four states stayed with the North but still had slavery. They were ________, ________, Maryland, and __________. |
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Definition
| Delaware, Kentucky, Maryland and Missouri |
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Term
| Lincoln was president of the _________. |
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Definition
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Term
| The first fighting was __________ (a North fort, which was in the South). It was besieged by angry armed Rebels. In the morning, the Yankees surrendered and the Rebels took the fort. Only a Confederate horse was killed (two Rebels were killed when they were shooting the cannons into the bay as a victory cheer and one exploded. |
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Definition
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Term
| The first half of the Civil War, the Rebels were winning. Then, one battle stood out. It was the ___________, the turning point of the Civil War. It was now the second half of the Civil War and Yankees were winning. |
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Definition
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Term
| The first LAME guy the Yankees made Major General was George ___________. He was good at getting the army organized and disciplined, but was unwilling to engage. He is called the "do-nothing general." (People did not call him this, but we will.) Lincoln fired him. Four years later...(1864), Lincoln ran for reelection. The other side ran _________ and he lost. |
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Definition
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Term
| An executive order issued by Lincoln in early 1863 that freed the slaves in the "territories under rebellion." (that meant the South.) To some, Lincoln said this was to cause problems in the South and help win the war. To others, he said it was about ending slavery. Slavery wouldn't be ended everywhere in the US until the 13th Amendment in 1865, the year that Lincoln got shot. |
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Definition
| Emancipation Proclamation |
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Term
| A speech given by Lincoln at the dedication of the memorial on the sight of the Battle of Gettysburg which had been a big win for the North. The speech starts, "Four score and seven years ago, our fathers brought forth to the continent a new nation...." It happened in late 1863. |
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Definition
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Term
| What Amendment ended slavery? |
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Definition
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Term
| What Amendment gave all Americans the right to vote regardless of race? |
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Definition
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Term
| The first fighting of the Revolution. It happened on the same night of Paul Revere’s ride and was caused by Revere alerting the colonists. |
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Definition
| Battle of Lexington Green (aka The Shot Heard ‘Round The World) |
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Term
| Remember how the first continental congress agreed to meet in a year? Well, they did and it was the Second Continental Congress. They stayed assembled and acted as our government during the Revolution. They passed laws, chose _________ as leader of our army, assigned ________ to write the Declaration of Independence, and send ________ and __________ to France to get their help. |
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Definition
| George Washington; Jefferson wrote the D of I; John Adams and Ben Franklin went to France. |
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Term
| In 1775, the first real battle of the Revolution was fought. The English captured the American fort from the colonists, but lost three times as many people as the colonists. What was this called? |
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Definition
| The Battle of Bunker Hill |
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Term
| The American Revolution started in _______ and ended in ________ when the Treaty of Paris was signed. |
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Definition
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Term
| The Declaration of Independence was signed on July 4, _________. |
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Definition
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Term
| The turning point in the Revolution happened in 1777. After this battle, the Americans were generally winning more than they had been. This battle convinced the French that we could win the Revolution, completing Franklin’s efforts to convince the French to help us. |
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Definition
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Term
| The rules the new government used throughout the Revolution up until the Constitution was adopted in 1789. These were lame and did not give the federal governor enough power. The states had too much power. For example, the states could pay taxes if they wanted to. |
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Definition
| The Articles of Confederation |
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Term
| During the winter of 1777-78, Washington and his men camped in __________. It was very cold and they were short on supplies and many of the soldiers died. |
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Definition
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Term
| In 1781, the last battle of any size of the Revolution was fought. Washington backed the British Army up against the sea, and the French navy swept in and kept the British navy from rescuing them. So Cornwallis, the British general, was forced to surrender to Washington. It took two or more years to design the Treaty of Paris. |
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Definition
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Term
| In the late 1863 Lincoln put _____________ in charge of the Union army. He had been successful at the fighting that was happening west of the Mississippi River and Lincoln definitely needed someone successful in charge. After the war he went on on to be our 18th president. |
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Definition
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Term
| The Constitution divides the federal government into three branches. What are they? |
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Definition
| Legislative (Congress), Executive (president), Judicial (Supreme Court) |
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Term
| This branch of the Federal Government is in charge of enforcing laws. |
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Definition
| Executive branch (president) |
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Term
| This branch of the Federal Government passes laws. |
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Definition
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Term
| This branch of the federal government interprets and judges laws. They say if laws agree with the constitution or not. |
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Definition
| Judicial Branch (Supreme Court) |
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Term
| The set of laws passed under the Articles of Confederation that addressed how new land the US acquires becomes a part of the country. |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the three steps that the Northwest Ordinance lists in which new land becomes part of the country? |
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Definition
1. It was land the US owned.
2. People moved to the land and started churches, towns, and built roads, and the land becomes a territory.
3. Then the territory writes a state constitution, proves it can run itself as a state, and the federal government votes to make it a state. |
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Term
| It was a time of economic hardship after the revolution. In Massachusetts, a group of distinguished farmers in three counties began a revolt and closed down the courts, so people’s farms couldn’t be repossessed by the courts. The leader of the revolt was a man named __________. The _______ Rebellion happened in ________. |
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Definition
| Daniel Shays, called Shays’ Rebellion, in 1786 |
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Term
| The Shays Rebellion went on for several months before the Massachusetts governor put it down. Shays and his buddies were put on trial but were released because of popular sentiment (people wanted them to be released). Many people began to call out change, sometimes right in other people’s ears. The rebellion was important because it showed _________. |
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Definition
| How weak the federal government under the Articles of Confederation was. |
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Term
| In Philadelphia in 1787, the states sent delegates to figure out better rules than the Articles of Confederation because change was needed. There were many things to decide and argue about. One of the main arguments was between the big states with big populations and little states with little populations. This led to the Great Compromise. What was the meeting called? |
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Definition
| The Constitutional Convention |
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Term
| _______ said that the legislative branch would be split into two houses, the Senate and the House of Representatives. |
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Definition
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Term
| The part of the legislative branch were every state sends two delegates no matter what the size/population of the state is called the _________. |
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Definition
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Term
| The part of the legislative branch where the number of delegates depends on the state’s population. |
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Definition
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Term
| After the Great Compromise, the big issue involving the House of Representatives was whether slaves counted or not. The South wanted slaves to be counted and the north did not. In the end, they decided every five slaves counted as three people in terms of figuring out the states’ population to see how many delegates it could send to the House of Representatives. What was this called? |
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Definition
| The Three-Fifths Compromise |
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Term
| The person most responsible for writing the Constitution was ________. He went on to become our fourth (and shortest) president. |
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Definition
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Term
| The system of the government in the USA in which the powers of each of the three branches of the federal government includes some power over the other two branches. For example, the president needs to sign laws passed by Congress before they become laws. If he/she doesn’t, it goes back to Congress and becomes much harder to pass. This is called a veto. Another example is that Congress can impeach the president, which is when they have a trial to see if or if not he/she should lose his job. What is this system called? |
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Definition
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Term
| The Constitution has three parts. The first paragraph is called the _______. Then there are seven articles of rules for how the government works. Then there are the amendments (changes or additions) that have been added since the Constitution was made. There are 27 Amendments. The first ten amendments are called the ________. |
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Definition
| Preamble; Bill of Rights. |
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Term
| The part of the Constitution at the end of the list of Congress’ powers where it says that they can pass all laws that are “necessary and proper” for carrying out the duties it has listed. Congress sometimes uses this clause to justify doing things, such as setting up a national bank, the Constitution does not specifically say they can do. This is called ________. |
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Definition
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Term
| A term for a legislature that is divided into two parts or houses. The U.S. has this kind of legislature. |
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Definition
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Term
| To vote for something or in favor of something. The U.S. Constitution had to be ________ by nine out of thirteen states in order to replace the Articles of Confederation. |
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Definition
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Term
| A series of 85 essays published in New York newspapers attempting to convince people to ratify the Constitution. They were written by Alexander Hamilton (50 essays), John Jay (5 essays, he got sick ☹), and James Madison (30 essays). These were called ________. |
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Definition
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Term
| In the late 1864, The north's General Sherman had finally captured Atlanta, Georgia. He asked for and got permission to march from Atlanta to Savanna, burning and looting from the civilians along the way. The goal was to force the regular people of the South to see how bad war was so they would surrender. It took a little over a month. The South did not surrender, but they sure hated Sherman. What was this event called |
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Definition
| Sherman's March to the Sea |
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Term
| General Lee surrendered on April 9, 1865 at ______________. The war was over and the South defeated. There is no named treaty that ended The Civil War. |
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Definition
| Appomattox (Virginia) Courthouse |
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Term
| Abraham Lincoln was shot and killed by John Wilkes Booth five days after Lee surrendered. Booth was a southerner, and moderately famous actor who was bitter about losing the war. Booth was hunted down and killed a few days later by the authorities. Lincoln was watching a play at ______________, when he was shot. |
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Definition
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Term
| An hero of the Ancient Romans to whom many compared George Washington. Both were farmers. Both were called upon to lead their country in a time of crisis and voluntarily gave up their power when the crisis was over. |
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Definition
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Term
| An English philosopher whose writing greatly influenced the thinking of Thomas Jefferson and the other founders. He said we all enter into a social contract when we agree to be part of society we give up certain freedoms (like setting people's houses on fire) in order to enjoy the benefits of living in groups (like weak not being dominated by the strong). he said all people were born with natural rights given by God. Governments are a sort of necessary evil needed to protect these rights from abuses of other people. |
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Definition
John Locke
:) Favorite Lost character |
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Term
| The Federalist Papers were published under the fake name of ____________. |
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Definition
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Term
| In the sectionalism (strife and anger between sections of the country) before the Civil War, what side favored high tariffs and what side favored low tariffs. |
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Definition
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Term
| What were the 2 main issues of the Reconstruction( short period after the Civil War)? |
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Definition
1: How to bring the defeated South states back into the Union
2: How and how much to protect the rights of African-Americans after the end of slavery |
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Term
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Definition
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