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| Founded by Greek colonists in the 600s BC |
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| The capital of the Roman Empire moved from Rome to Byzantium |
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| The Empire was permanently divided into Eastern and Western portions |
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| New Rome came to be called this; became capital of the Eastern Empire |
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| Eastern Empire; Survived the fall of the Western Empire in 476 and endured throughout the Middle Ages |
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| Became the first great leader of the Byzantine Empire in 527 |
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| waged wars against the barbarians and reestablished the Roman imperium |
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| Cathedral of Hagia Sophia(Holy Wisdom) |
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| Most magnificent church building of the early Middle Ages and the greatest achievement of Byzantine architecture |
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| The portion of the world in which Christianity was the dominant religion |
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| Justinian's greatest personal achievement |
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| Codification of existing Roman law which he combined with biblical principles--the Justininan Code |
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| Justinian's lovely, intelligent wife; most important and famous woman in Byzantine history |
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| Attacked the empire from the west |
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| Avars, Bulgars, and Russian Slavs |
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| invaded the empire from the north |
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| harassed the Empire in the east |
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| Met the direst threat and defeating the Avars and Persians |
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| The new menace to Byzantium from the Arabian Peninsula |
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| A Byzantium invention similar to a flamethrower |
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| saved Constantinople during the second siege |
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| Began under Leo III's rule |
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| an abstract, simplified image of Christ, Mary, or one of the saints |
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| led a restoration of Byzantium's power and drove back the Muslims |
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| During his time, the Byzantine Empire was at its greatest height since Justinian the Great |
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| took much of the Middle East from the Arabs, accepted Islam, and became extremely fanatical |
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| the Seljuk Turks won a major victory over the Byzantines at the Battle of Manzikert |
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| Appealed to the Roman Church and the people of Western Europe to drive out the "infidels" |
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| wars trying to take back the Holy Land from the Muslims and defend an ally of Christendom |
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| Sailors sacked the city of Constantinople |
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| A group of Turks that had conquered the rest of the Byzantine lands by 1453 |
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| The last Byzantine emperor |
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| the date of the fall of the Byzantine empire that had come to an end after a thousand years |
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| developed after the split of the Roman Empire |
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| The Eastern and Western churches split |
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| A public worship service of superstition, symbolism, and pageantry |
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| brother to Cyril and carried Eastern Orthodoxy to the Bulgars, Moravians, and Slavs in the 9th century |
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| Slavic script based on the Greek alphabet invented by Cyril which became the foundation for the Russian and Slavic alphabets |
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| The Byzantine church's greatest contribution to civilization |
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| preservation of the Greek New Testament |
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| Became the basis of Erasmus' 1516 edition of the Greek New Testament and future Protestant translations |
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