Term
| When was the Council of Chalcedon? |
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Definition
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Term
| When was the second Temple destroyed and by Who? |
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Definition
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Term
| When was the Council of Nicaea |
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Definition
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Term
| When was the first temple destroyed and by Who? |
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Definition
| 586 BC, by the Babylonians |
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Term
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Definition
Roman Emperor who came to power after a period of civil war in Rome.
He united the empire and is the nephew of Julius Caesar.
He is also known as Octavian. |
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Term
| What are the Three world that Christianity emerge from and what was the impact? |
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Definition
Jewish - Christianity grew out of Judaism and the early christians were Jews
Roman - Christian missionaries utilized the safe roads to spread the gospel
Greek - used greek language in their writings and embraced greek philosophy |
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Definition
| James the Just was the leader of the Christian community in Jerusalem and was the brother of Jesus. This relationship helped him to gain power and respect which help to keep the church together |
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Definition
Paul was an apostle responsible for spreading the faith to the non Jewish communities.
He was a great Missionary |
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Term
| What are the 3 different types of Christianity? |
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Definition
| Jewish Christianity, Pauline Christianity, and Gnosticism |
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Term
| What is ethical Monotheism? |
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Definition
| Belief is a omnipotent moral God, who demands good conduct and moral behavior from His followers. |
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Term
| What is the Law of Moses? |
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Definition
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Term
| What was the purpose of the temple? |
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Definition
| It served as a place to offering sacrifices and to worship |
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Definition
| The exulting of the emperor and his family to the status of gods, which led to the pantheon of gods |
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Definition
| A form of religion that believed that the material world was corrupt and the spiritual world as being superior and good. |
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Definition
| The demiurge is the creator god, that is responsible for creating the material world |
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Term
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Definition
| The singular supreme spirit being who produced other spirit beings |
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Term
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Definition
| The spirit realm in which the spirit beings reside |
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Term
| What is the goal of a gnostic? |
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Definition
| To escape the material world and get back to the Pleroma |
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Term
| What role did Jesus play in Gnosticism? |
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Definition
| Jesus was thought to be the redeemer figure, who held secret knowledge, that would reunite us back to the Pleroma |
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Term
| Describe the gospel of Thomas |
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Definition
| A collection of 114 sayings of Jesus that emerged out of oral tradition, that was found in 1945 in Nag Hammadi. |
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Term
| What is Eschatological hope? |
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Definition
| the day when God would come and restore Israel and fulfill the promise of a kingdom of peace and justice |
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Term
| In what land did Christianity first appear? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| the combining of greek elements in the the Jewish world |
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Term
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Definition
The scattering of the Jews.
Due to the fact that Jews had forgotten their native language of Hebrew, due to the scattering and they had to translate the old testament into Greek |
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Term
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Definition
A religions party that emerged out of the rebellion to Roman control.
They were strict to the law and could not worship in the temples so they built synagogues, aka local churches |
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Term
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Definition
A party that emerged out of Roman rebellion and worship in the Temple and all of their interest centered on the Temple
Some of their beliefs were to the liking of the Romans
When the temple was destroyed they took a major blow. |
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Term
| What is the Roman Pantheon? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is a Catechumen? How did this term arise? |
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Definition
Those waiting to be baptized.
Due to the growth of the gentile christians and the fact that they did not have to comply to Jewish traditions, before they could be baptized they had to be taught customs of the church and christianity.
Catechumens could not take communion. |
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Term
| What was the purpose of baptism? |
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Definition
| It declared your membership into the church. |
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Term
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Definition
A roman emperor who was thought to be crazy and mad. Had his mother assassinated. Was blamed for the burning of Rome, because he wanted to build a city. Later passed the blamed to christians and begun christian persecutions.
Senate wanted to kill him any way, but before they did he committed suicide. |
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Term
| Who was Trajan? and what was his edict? |
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Definition
Trajan was the emperor at the time during Christian persecution, and when asked by Pliny in a letter, should Christians be persecuted for simply being Christians, He issued an edict that said Christians should not be sought out but if they are accused of a crime, they are to be punished.
They were also allowed to live if they renounced their faith. |
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Term
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Definition
| A Christian Martyr who ran at first to escape death, but then he yielded. |
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Term
| Who is Perpetua and Felicitas? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Required all inhabitants of the empire to offer sacrifices to the gods to ensure their safety and continued power. |
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Term
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Definition
| The Bishop of Carthage who developed a system of penance to solve the problem of lapsed christians. |
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Term
| How did the the destruction of the temple change Christianity? |
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Definition
| local synagogues were established for worship in Greece, the day for the sabbath changed from Saturday to Sunday, and Jews began to move out of Jerusalem. They also began to engage in greek philosophy and roman issues and law. |
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Term
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Definition
| emphasize the Holy Spirit, believed in prophecy, convert to christianity, a priest of a pagan god. |
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Term
| What were some of the popular stereotypes applied to Christians by Romans in the 1st and 2nd century? |
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Definition
1) They were cannibals, because in the Holy communion they drank blood and ate flesh.
2) they were atheist, because they did not worship the Roman God.
3) They were immoral, committed incest (referred to each other as brother and sister and were having love feast, which were thought to be orgies.
4) They were subversive (resistant and hard headed) |
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Term
| Types of Persecutions by Nero |
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Definition
Crucifixion
Mauled by dogs
burned to death |
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Term
| What are some of the weekly practices described in the didache? |
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Definition
| Fasting, Weekly gatherings, Holy communion (Eucharist), Baptism |
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Term
| When did christians fast? When did jews fast? |
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Definition
Christians fasted on Wednesday and Friday (preparation day)
Jews fasted on Tuesday and Thursday |
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Term
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Definition
| a christian who refuses to recant the faith and gives their life for it. |
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Term
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Definition
| One who survives persecution |
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Term
| When was the edict of Milan and what was its purpose? |
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Definition
| 313 and marked the end of persecution |
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Term
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Definition
A christian symbol of a fish. Each letter serve a meaning of a christian concept.
Also it was a symbol to identify a person as a christian. One christian would draw the first half of the fish and the other christian would draw the second half to identify themselves as a christian. |
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Term
| Who are lapse Christians? |
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Definition
| Those who recanted the faith and made sacrifices to the Roman gods, in fear of roman punishment. |
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Term
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Definition
| The system of penance gave sinners the opportunity to make reparations for sins based on the prescriptions of the spiritual leaders. |
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Term
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Definition
| Emperor who divided Rome into 4 divisions, because he thought Rome was getting to big and He did not want any rebellion. Divided it so there was 2 Caesars and 2 Augusti |
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Term
| What Region did Diocletian rule in? |
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Definition
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Term
| What region did Maximian rule in? |
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Definition
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Term
| Who was Diocletian's Caesar? |
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Definition
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Term
| Who was Maximian's Caesar? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Who instigated the great Christian persecution of 303 and why? |
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Definition
| Galerius, because he thought the Christians were a divisive force. |
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Term
| How did Constantine assume power? |
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Definition
After Diocletian and Maximian stepped down. Their Augusti took power, Galerius and Constantius I. Galerius was to be the sole emperor.
Constatine was rumored to be a prisoner in Galerius court and once he broke free he declared himself to be the new emperor of Rome.
Yet Galerius refused and offered him a compromise to be the Caesar instead. |
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Term
| What is the significance of the Milvian Bridge? |
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Definition
| It is where Constantine's Army and Maxientus Army came a civil war. Constantine had a dream before battle to place the christian symbol on their shields and Constantine ended up winning the battle. |
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Term
| What was the Christian Symbol on the shield? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| A banner or flag bearing a symbol. |
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Term
| Who signed the Edict of Milan in 313? |
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Definition
| Constantine and Licentius |
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Term
| How did Constatine show his support of Christianity? |
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Definition
- He forbad work on Sundays
- He Stopped offerring Pagan sacrifices
- Outlawed Crucifixtion
- Was baptized on his death bed.
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Term
| Who baptized Constantine? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Belief or doctrine contrary to orthodox (especially Christian) doctrine |
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Term
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Definition
| Jesus, The divine took on human flesh |
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Term
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Definition
| Taught the Jesus was only a man that was adopted by God the Father at the time of his baptism |
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Term
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Definition
| A wealthy shipbuilder who started a religious belief and paid money to the church in Rome to accept his views, but he was rejected. |
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Term
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Definition
- Believed that there were 2 gods: The creator God (Demiurge) and the Redeemer God (had nothing to do with creation or humanity until Jesus.
- Old Testament was from the Demiurge who delighted in war and was contradictory
- Created a scriptual canon, that included a modified version of the Gospel of Luke and the letters of Paul. removing all influence of the Jews.
- Paul was the only true apostle
- Jesus was a spirit sent by the Redeemer God and he did not suffer on the cross, resurrection was of spirit not of the body.
- Sex and foods associated with sex was sinful.
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Term
| What was the Apostle's Creed? |
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Definition
| A creed developed to refute Marcionism and define what the Christians believed. |
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Term
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Definition
| They were in charge of multiple congregations, oversaw priests and deacons, did much of the preaching. The theological leader. Prominent leaders. |
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Term
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Definition
| (elders or Priest) preached, taught for local congregations, and administered sacraments to a particular congregation. (8-10 years) held office |
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Term
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Definition
| assisted bishops, taught, and had some administrative roles. (couple of years) |
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Term
| What is Apostolic Succession? |
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Definition
| This meant that the disciples had passed their blessing and teaching on to the first bishops. Those bishops had done the same for the next generation of bishops and so forth. |
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Term
| What was the purpose of the Council of Nicaea? |
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Definition
| To establish uniformity on issues of Christian Doctrine |
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Term
| What were some of the results of the Council of Nicaea? |
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Definition
*Separated Easter for the Jewish Passover
* Determined the relationship between God the Father and Jesus the Son.
*Also passed a variety of Canon laws and dealt with other heretical issues |
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Term
| What is an ecumenical council? |
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Definition
| a meeting of church officials and theologians to settle doctrinal issues and questions of Church practice |
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Term
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Definition
| A presbyter in Alexandria, Egypt who started the Arian movement in 318. |
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Term
| What were some teachings of Arianism. |
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Definition
* Jesus was not God, but the first creation of God.
* Jesus had been given authority over creation
* the Holy Spirit was created by the Father through the Son. The Holy Spirit is subservient to the Son, in the same way that the Son is subservient to the Father. |
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Term
| How is salvation viewed in the Arian System? |
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Definition
* Jesus was a martyr
*Jesus overcame the demons with his goodness
*Due to Jesus faithfulness He was resurrected from the dead. and made ruler over all humanity. |
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Term
| In what ways was the Nicene creed a refutation of Arianism? |
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Definition
* Christ was begotten not made.
*One substance says that God the Father and Jesus are one. |
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Term
| How did Arianism spread so quickly? |
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Definition
| Its doctrine were often put to music. |
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Term
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Definition
| The Archbishop of Alexandria who strongly disagreed with Arianism and spent decades of his life advocating the rulings of the council of Nicaea. Also wrote "On the Incarnation" |
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Term
| What was the divine dilemma? |
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Definition
| Man disobey God and lost their divine image. God could not destroy them and He could not let them live forever. |
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Term
| How did God resolve the divine dilemma through the Incarnation? |
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Definition
| Christ came and fulfilled the divine penalty for death and sin and restored the image of God. that allowed humans to have eternal life. |
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Term
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Definition
A theologian who mother named Monica was a Chrisitan and his Father was a Pagan.
*The author of Confessions
* battled with sexual lust and the desire to do evil
* an advocate of Manichaeism |
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Term
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Definition
Similar to Gnosticism
Believed that there were 2 worlds.
World of Light and world of darkness. They were always battling with each other. |
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