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| Large peninsula forming the southernmost part of mainland Greece |
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| Meaning "circle"; a group of Greek islands in the Aegean Sea |
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| Largest of the Greek Islands. Center of Minoan civilization. Three Minoan palaces: Knosos ("Palace of Minos"), Phaistos, and Mallia. Wrecked by Volcanic Eruption ca. 1450. |
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| Greek colonies on the Italian peninsula (including Sicily) established from the 8th C. onward. |
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| You know it. It was inhabited by Mycenaeans. |
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| Three major agricultures and associated deities: |
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Grapes—Dionysus
Grain—Demeter
Olives—Athena |
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| 6,000 BC—begins with domestication of animals. |
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Inhabited 20,000-3,000 B.C.
Obsidian found in 12,000-8,000 imported from Cycladic islands (particularly Melos). |
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| Middle Neolithic Settlement (5800-5300) |
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| Geographic/Cultural Divisions of Bronze-age Greece |
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Helladic—Mainland Greece
Cycladic—Cycladic Islands
Minoan—Crete
Anatolian—Asia Minor |
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House of the Tiles, remember?
In Room XI, tons of sealings were found, indicating the existence of a redistributive economy. |
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| Sweeping changes from EHII to EHIII (end of Neolithic/Early Bronze Age) as populations originating Northeast of the Black Sea expand and move into Greece. |
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| Henrich Schliemann—Found Troy and Mycenae |
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| Sir Arthur Evans—Explored Crete and found Knosos and Minoan history |
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| Lived on Crete, worshiped goddesses, leapt bulls, worshipped bulls (horns of consecration), Linear A |
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| Linear B, Grave Circles, destroyed the Minoans? |
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| Deciphered Linear B in 1952 |
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| Megaron, cyclopean masonry |
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| Ulu Burun Shipwreck, dated to 14th C. |
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| Mycenaean temples atop sacred mountains |
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| A Minoan temple on a mountaintop in Crete; destroyed in the earthquake. Evidence may support human sacrifice. |
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| Undeciphered Minoan script used for administration |
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| Deciphered Mycenaean script. Syllabic. |
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| Thera is an island North of Crete. Akrotiri is an ancient Minoan settlement that was destroyed during the eruption of the huge volcano that may have ended Minoan civilization, but the settlement was really well-preserved by volcanic ash. Frescoes, etc. |
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| Domination of the sea; proposed by Evans of Minoan civilization until their fleets were wrecked by a tsunami. |
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| "Palace of Nestor," excavated by Blegen. Hundreds of Linear B tablets were found, attesting to broad territorial control of the surrounding region. |
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| Minoan "king." A wanax ruled Pylos and a Wanax ruled Knosos. |
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| Another title for "king" in Mycenaean Greece and the Dark Age |
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| "Great Hall" of Minoan and Mycenaean palaces. Four columns around a hearth |
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| Mycenaean burial tradition, where people were buried over time in the same massive pits in shaft graves. Grave Circles A and B in Mycenae were elaborately adorned with goods. |
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| Tombs built into hills, made in Mycenaean period |
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| Minoan Mountaintop Temple on Crete |
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| Dig on the island of Euboea. Aspidal building with two tombs in the center. These tombs were filled with gold and horses. Lefkandi is interesting because although it's a 9th C. community, it shows the reemergence of wealth and social stratification in Greece. Lefkandi had more exposure with Greece; less exposure with Athens. OH, AND CENTAUR. |
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| Brought written language to Iron Age, first appearance of verse |
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| A cup found at Pithekoussai that has been dated to the 8th Century. An example of ancient poetry. |
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| Greek Poet writing circa 730 |
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| Huge wine vessels in which wine was mixed with water. The emergence of these indicates trade specialization. |
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| Big jugs with narrow necks used for storage |
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| Greek regions not unified within a polis |
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| Civil Strife among elites |
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| Used to combat stasis. Were aimed only at elites. (eg. term limits). Aimed to prevent a possibility for tyranny. |
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| Council of Elders/400/500 |
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| Chief (in early law codes) |
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| Urban, Extraurban, Interurban |
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| A site of a heraion on the sea with terra-cotta house models |
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| In Asia Minor, site of Heraion |
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| 4 Major Games: Olympian, Pythian, Nemean, Isthmian. Elites only. |
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| "Keepin' up with the Jones'" |
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| First colony of Euboea on the Western coast of Italy |
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| Founded in 630 by Battus after many consultations with the oracle. |
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| 8th to 9th Century. Done by Theseus. |
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| Tyrant of Corinth in 650. Cool dude, loved the arts, founded settlements. Member of Bacchiad family. |
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| Kypselos' son. Not so cool. Def a more tyrranical tyrant. |
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| Site of crazy games for Poseidon |
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| Lakadaemonia, Lakonia, Messenia |
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| Lakadaemonians that weren't full citizens |
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| Spartan slaves. You know how it is... |
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| First one: Sparta kicks ass. The others are just uprisings by Helots. 740-720 |
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| A loose alliance between Sparta and other major Peloponnesian cities. Formed as a mutual defensive pact against Argos. |
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| Main leader in charge of public affairs |
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| Six assistants to the archons |
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| Made up of former Archons |
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| Hilltop in Athens were the assembly (Ekklysia) met. |
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| Tribes based on kinship, or one of ten tribes in the Kleisthenic reforms. |
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| "Clan" a small family group (of aristocrats?) |
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| 632: Kylon, and olympic victor, seizes acropolis in attempt to become Tyrant. |
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| He was the eponymous archon when Cylon tried to fuck shit up in Athens. Cylon and his crew fled to the Acropolis, and although Cylon and his brother got away, the archons of Athens caught all of his supporters, and although they promised not to kill them (remember the rope?), Megakles killed them anyways, and was thus exiled along with his genos. 632. |
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| Don't fuck up. But no more blood guilt. These laws caused some awful civil strife. 620. |
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| Really wise guy. Think 590. Revamped Athens for a trade economy. Abolishes debt slavery. Offered citizenship to non-Athenian craftspeople. Most important reform: class determined by wealth, not birth. Four classes. Makes laws and splits to go see the (Indo-European) world. But the laws didn't really work. |
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Pentekasiomedimnoi—Eligible for archon positions
Hippeis—Can afford horses and serve on council
Zeugitai—Can afford oxen and serve on council
Thetes—Ain't got nuffin', but they can serve on the assembly. |
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| Made from everyone but the Thetes, 100 from each tribe. |
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| Men of Plains, coast, hills |
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| Tribes during Kleisthenes' reforms |
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560: Beats himself up, then gets bodyguards. Becomes tyrant after seizing the acropolis, then kicked out after five years.
556: Allies with megakles and tries again.
546: Hires a bunch of mercenaries and lands at marathon and kicks butt. Takes Athens. He's a cool dude. He builds a ton of stuff and strengthens the Atenian economy. He's big on arts and theater and stuff. Also, he makes the agora. Yo, and he invents coinage. Dies of natural causes in 527. |
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| Sons of Peisistratos. Bad dudes, really. Harmodius and Aristogeiton make a plan to kill 'em both, but they jump the gun and only kill Hipparchos (514). They're both killed (duh), but are commemorated as the tyrannicides and are heroes. Hippias goes nuts with paranoia and rules for another four years until he jets in 510 when the Alchmaeonid family corrupts the oracle and gets Sparta to kick ass and steal Hippias' kids and take 'em hostage and Hippias surrenders and goes to Persia (he'll be back...). |
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| King of Sparta who helps kick out Hippias |
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| Comes to power over Isagoras and makes a cool new constitution. This is the foundation of Athenian democracy, with rights & privileges. |
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| Eponymous archon after Hippias but lost power bid to Kleisthenes. |
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| 50 from each of 10 tribes get together and prepare business for the assembly. Also called the Boule. Oh, and they managed financial and foreign affairs. |
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| The 50 men chosen by lot to rule in Athens for 1 tenth of the year. |
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| Born c. 484. Father of history. |
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| Philosopher born in Miletus in 624. Cf. Heraclitus. |
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| Philosopher b. 535 in Ionia. Cf. Thales |
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| Achaemenid Persian Empire |
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| Rules Persia 559-530. Conquers Medes. Conquers Kroisos and Lydian empire in 546. |
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| Conquers Ionian coast. Tries to take out Cyrus and Persia. Big mistake. |
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| ...the Great. Son of Cyrus. Short rule. Conquers Egypt. |
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| Ionian Revolt/Marathon/Persian War |
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| 499—Miletus when Athenians send 20 ships. Greeks battle Sardis and are defeated in naval battle of Miletian Coast. 492: Darius sends force to Greece and takes Thrace and Macedonia but wrecks off on his way South. 490: Sparta and Athens don't gvive Eartha and Water. Eretria burned. PHeidipides to Sparta. Battle of Marathon: Polemarchos: Kallimachos, Strategos: Miltiades. 10,000 vs 20,000. Greeks kick ass. |
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| Commemorations of Marathon |
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1) Helmet of Militades: To Zeus from Miltiades
2) Treasury of Athenians at Delphi
3) Nike statue on the Acropolis, dedicated by Kallimachos |
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