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| Commander of the Ottoman 4th Army in Damascus and governor of Greater Syria, he was called the blood shedder, alienated the Arab population from the CUP regime, ill treatment of Arab leaders and nobles |
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| Husayn-McMahon Correspondence |
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| Britain would provide supplies, weapons, funds and recognize Arab caliphate, if Husayn would cause an all out uprising declaring Ottoman regime as an enemy of Islam |
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| June 10, 1916 begins in Mecca, attacked Cup not Caliph, but failed to generate response, were accused of diving the Empire when unity was needed. 1918 Damascus was captured, Faysal started to set up an administration as the pledge to Great Britain by father (Husayn) stated |
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| opposed portions of the pledge that the British gave to Sharif Husayn, France got Syrian coast from Lebanon into Anatolia and influence in Syrian interior, while the Brits got the southern portion of Mesopotamia and indirect influence from Gaza Strip to Kirkuk |
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| made November 1917, declared the Jewish national home to be in Palestine. |
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| Proclaimed King of Syria by the Brits in March 1920, by July 1920, was forced into exile in Europe |
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| Leader of the resistance movement, war hero, the meeting at Ankara decided on an Ottoman Parliament, Sultan will be a Caliph (not political person), Ottoman Empire renamed to Turkish Republic, “father of the Turks” |
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| British person that was in contact with Palestine and Britain, set up to help government make decisions, PALESTINE HIGH COMMINSSIONER, used in all british colonies, President/King of Palestine top government administrator |
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| delegation, formed of lawyers, landowners, high class citizens of Egypt, that wanted to represent Egypt at the Peace Conference (Brits wouldn’t let them go because Britain was already going to be there). |
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| – important journalist for Austria, went to the trial of the army officer Drafus in France, Drafus was convicted of treason for having his own ideas but since he was a Jew he was not allowed to do so, leader of the Zionist movement, a creation of a Jewish state |
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| committed to the ideas of Herzl (Jewish state) |
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| Jewish Agency and National Council |
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| branch of Zionist organization to deal with Jewish affairs, they had a lot of money, were able to create Jewish communities |
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| Officially making Jewish and Palestinian state with international part being Jerusalem. |
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| - was a political organization, established Young Turks in 1906, during the dissolution period of the Ottoman Empire. It came to power between 1908 and 1918. At the end of WWI most of its members were court-martialled by the sultan Mehmed VI and imprisoned. |
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| The state of Israel should allow Palestinians to return and if not then they should be compensated, if Israel accepts this, Israel gets a place in the UN |
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| Allowing Palestinians to return to the homes in exchange for a spot in the UN for Israel, 194 – every refugee has a right to return to their homes and claim their property or be compensated |
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| Israeli law stating all Jews can come to Israel and become citizens right away |
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| Replaced the League of Nations in 1945, set up to avoid war after the end of WWII |
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| United Nations Relief and Work Agency for Palestine in the Near Middle East, largest organization to take care of Palestine, rented land and built refugee camps, was to be for only 1-2 years, but has gone past 55 yrs |
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| Palestine Liberation Organization – Government to rule over Palestine Refugees and represent their people |
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| kicked out of Israel during the civil war between Jews and Arabs, many fled to Jordan, Gaza, Lebanon |
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| To end the conflict in the Middle East, we are making you return to the borders set up before the 6 day war, Israel will loose the land it gained and Arab states should recognize Israel and its borders |
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| Israel took over the West Bank, the Gaza Strip, Golan Heights and up the Suez Canal in the Sinai Peninsula (really only monks lived here) |
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| Israeli Parliament, the ruling party would create the government |
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| PLO and Israel recognized each other, started resolving the conflict in the Middle East, settlers (didn’t want to give up lands), refugees(would end conflict but not solve refugee problem), and US Congress(Dole wanted US Embassy moved to Jerusalem) messed it all up, 1990’s between Palestinis and Israelis, PLO for Pale., Gov of Israel for Israelis, meeting secretly in Oslo to work out peace, first time in which Israel recognized PLO and PLO recognized Israel and embrace negotiations, 93-00 the peace process was going forward and back, internationally sponsored peace process, by Russia, US and European Union and UN, by really was American Sponsored! |
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| was the first Prime Minister of Israel. As a child, Ben-Gurion developed a boundless passion towards the ideals of Zionism. This drive resulted in David's instrumental role in the founding of the state of Israel at the expiration of the British Mandate. After leading Israel to victory in the 1948 Arab-Israeli War, he oversaw the establishment of the state's institutions and vast influx of immigrants. Leader of Jews agency in Palestine during the British mandate, first prime minister of Israel |
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| the British were to help the Jews build a national home and promote the creation of self-governing institutions. The mandate provided for an agency, later called "The Jewish Agency for Palestine," that would represent Jewish interests in Palestine to the British and to promote Jewish immigration. A Jewish agency was created only in 1929, delayed by the desire to create a body that represented both Zionist and non-Zionist Jews. The Jewish agency in Palestine became in many respects the de-facto government of the Jewish Yishuv (community). Controlled Palestine and Iraq |
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| Took control of Lebanon and Syria, 1920-1946 French High Commissioner in Beruit in charge of Syria, problems – partition into 5 countries, then 2 Lebanon and Syria, Lebanaon ended in 1943 during the war |
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| League of nations establish the mandate system, asks one country to be in charge of another until the second is ready to run on its own |
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| as a result of the creation of the Jewish League (who governed the Jews and prepared them for the homeland), this league rejected the state of Israel and wanted Palestine to be independent and not Arab and Jewish Communities |
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| Year of the Catastrophe, recognized by Palestinians, beginning of the Arab-Israeli Conflict, when Palestine was officially made into Israel, the West Bank, and the Gaza Strip |
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| overthrew the last Shah of the Qajar dynasty and started the Pahlavi Dynasty, authoritarian monarch, ignored governing bodies already in place, made many reforms in education and brought stability back to Iran, pro-German therefore the British and the Soviets invaded Iran |
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| “Israeli War of Independence,” when Israel declared its independence, Syria, Lebanon, Jordan, Egypt and Iraq attacked Israel, in the end Israel had gained much land from each country. The beginning of Nakba, expulsion of Palestinian residence |
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| India and Pakistan fought over the region of Kashmir, the UN ended it 5 weeks later with a ceasefire |
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| (Also known as the 6 Day war) was fought between Israel and its Arab neighbours of Egypt, Jordan, and Syria with Iraq, Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, and Algeria contributing troops and arms to their fronts. In the months before June 1967, Egypt expelled the United Nations Emergency Force from the Sinai Peninsula, increased its military activity near the border, blockaded the Straits of Tiran to Israeli ships, and called for unified Arab action against Israel. In June 1967, Israel launched a pre-emptive attack on Egypt's airforce fearing an imminent invasion by Egypt. Jordan then attacked the Israeli cities of Jerusalem and Netanya. At the war's end, Israel had gained control of the Gaza Strip, the Sinai Peninsula, the West Bank, and the Golan Heights. The results of the war affect the geopolitics of the region to this day. |
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| became the leader of al-Fatah, Palestinian National Liberation Movement, became head of the PLO, brought about Palestinian national identity, |
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| Israeli settlements in the occupied territories |
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| is one of a number of terms used to describe areas captured by Israel from Egypt, Jordan, and Syria during the Six-Day War of 1967. The term is generally used to refer to the Gaza Strip, the West Bank and East Jerusalem, and the Golan Heights. The term was also used to describe the Sinai Peninsula, which was returned to Egypt as part of the 1979 Israel-Egypt Peace Treaty. The United Nations Security Council passed Resolution 242 following the Six Day War, calling on Israel to withdraw from Occupied Territories (extent disputed) under comprehensive peace treaties |
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| – the slaughter of millions of Armenians by the Young Turks during 1915-1917 in the Ottoman Empire, while being marched to Syria, |
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| – Ismet Inonu would represent Ankara’s and would turn off his hearing aid during the British speaks about the Turks, Treaty of Lausanne granted Turkey sovereignty, 1922 Ottoman Empire gave up claims to Arab territories, made mandate system legal, birth of the Turkish Republic, |
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| led a small group in the CUP, concluded a secret Ottoman-German alliance against Russia, alliance with Germany |
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| is an interim administrative organization that nominally governs parts of the West Bank and the Gaza Strip. Established in 1994, after the Oslo accords between the Palestinian Liberation Organization (PLO) and the government of Israel, as a 5-year transitional body during which final status negotiations between the two parties were to take place. According to the Accords, the Palestinian Authority was designated to have control over both security-related and civilian issues in Palestinian urban areas (referred to as "Area A"), and only civilian control over Palestinian rural areas ("Area B"). The remainder of the territories, including Israeli settlements, the Jordan Valley region, and bypass roads between Palestinian communities were to remain under exclusive Israeli control ("Area C"). East Jerusalem was excluded from the Accords. |
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| the first comprehensive Ottoman constitution and the first in any Islamic country. The constitution was derived entirely from the will of the ruler, who retained full executive power and to whom ministers were individually responsible. In legislation the sultan was assisted by a two-chamber Parliament, the lower house indirectly elected and the upper house nominated by the ruler. Rights of ruler and ruled were set out |
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| Constitutional Revolution |
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| – took place in Iran, was the end of the Qajar dynasty and the beginning of Reza Shah’s dynasty, 1905-1907 – revolution in Iran that led to the enaguration of the constitution and parlement – could remove shah, had lots of power. Led to period of relative control of political life by parliament end in 1911, then would be occupied by Russia and Britain, then parliament would take over and remove shah |
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| under the Palestinian Authority, but occupied by Israeli forces, most densely populated area, not a part of Israel |
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| when a country forcefully comes into a state or country and controls it by force for the time being, occupation of one country by another |
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| due to the Zionist movement which made its request to Britain who refused to help, thus Gurion brought his case to the UN, ultimately Palestine was declare to be the homeland of the Jews |
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| Strong feelings of pride and identity to ones homeland or country |
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| a canal in Egypt controlled by british and French, a war in Egypt and after the Egyptians would take over the canal |
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| Sharif Husayen during ottoman turks 1917, arab state in all arab terriorities. During WWI against ottoman authority (157, ch 9) |
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| Against brits mandate and jews immigration to Palestine (great revolt, 257-258) |
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| PLO is an observer in the UN, when they recognized Israel |
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Arab states and Israel, Israel and Egypt Britain and France over Suez Canal
Turkish Republic – Turkey after the Ottoman Empire |
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| Arab provinces during the war, during war, british navy had a blockade of the east med. Which would lead to economy disasters, Syria and iraq, famine, no work, and had to go fight war, prime cause for Arab revolt against ottomans |
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| ended world war 1 the middle east was divided btwn the European powers, treaty of Versailles |
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| catastrophe, no more Palestine, refugees, home lost city lost village lost, waiting for return, |
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| Israeli occupation of Palestinian territories |
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| Golan Heights, Gaza, west bank, siani, cause of conflict between Syria and Israel |
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