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| navigator, geographer, astronomer, and contemporary of Alexander the great, made first voyage to England, Scotland, and Norway (350 – 300 BC) |
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| mapped his known world and calculated the Earth’s circumference to be 40250 KM |
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| produced the first world atlas |
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| journeyed inland across Europe, across the north Atlantic; discovered Iceland, Greenland, and north America |
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| traded with the Chinese, and described the reversal of the currents during monsoon season |
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| the New World accidentally by miscalculating Earth’s circumference |
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| discovered large amounts of coastline and accepted south America as its own continent. America named after him |
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| circumnavigated the Earth in an attempt for a westward passage to the Spice Islands. Discovered the Magellan strait and contributed to the early charting of the oceans, establishing the real circumference of the Earth. Died thanks to the natives in the phillipines. |
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| mass, weight, acceleration |
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| charted the pacific, and Antarctic oceans, and made accurate scientific observations on his voyages |
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| discovered the gulf stream with Folger |
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| journeyed with ben franklin |
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| published the first complied sea atlases |
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| classified numerous organisms while at sea |
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| collected organisms around the Mediterranean, and categorized them by ocean depth zones |
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| took deep samples and disproved Forbes’ theory of azoric zones |
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| the first major oceanographic research voyage, circumventing the globe |
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| tested ice sheet flow direction by freezing his ship into an ice pack and drifting with it, remaining in the ice for 35 months. Also collected deep water samples |
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| Nansen’s specially designed ship that would freeze in ice without being crushed |
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| originally designed to separate gold from seawater, it collected data from the south atlantic by using the first application of echo sounding |
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| one of the first scientific oceanographic vessels to hold computers and take core samples from the sea floor |
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