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| application of art and design to function of everyday life |
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| metal pieces of type reading for public, bible, first printing multiple things really quickly, books to everyday people |
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| plant and light sensitive paper under glass, black and white print "photogenic drawings", Will Talbot was pissed he couldn't draw WFFT |
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| diverse range of art movements and ideas in first half of 20th century |
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| 1837, took off in 1870s. draw an image on stone. water loving and grease, grease takes ink. multiple colors. bright bold colors appeared everywhere. type could do anything |
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| looking at past society for inspiration for new work. ideal qualities (Claude Garamond) |
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| machines erased all humanity. multiple people work on the same object. assembly line. capitalism encourages consumerism. before: craftsman worked on their own pieces start to finish |
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| feisty art critic, poet. admired worked of the pre-raphaelite brotherhood. thought division of labor ("men") was bogus. workers should have more creative control over the things they produced. sense of ownership makes people happy. imperfections and honesty of materials. influenced william morris |
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| pre-raphaelites (pre-raphs) |
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| photography now; no printing technology so they made woodcuts. converts photographs to different sized dots, eye sees it as a continuous tone. made photography even more important |
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| under Modernism. the more you share the less you pay but more taxes. Victorian reform on poverty. Morris was for it, wanted to improve people's lives. it's about the workers. everyone is on the same playing field |
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Kelmscott Press. A private press is a small printing firm specializing in the design and printing of carefully crafted, limited edition books.
-small business serving private interests
used hand press or letter press (above)
fine paper, black inks, quality assembly
careful design of layout and type, unlimited
often staffed by artists and craftsmen |
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| Victorian age. Counteract the evils, some had to do with moral reform, others were on the practice of art. evils: pollution, bad morals, poverty. looked back to middle ages. more communal. full control of work, hand over machine, man over nature. |
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| community of medieval artists or merchants |
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| William Morris, inspired by John Ruskin, tried to make fine arts and crafts equal. honesty in design, truth of materials. economic reform, ended up being for rich people ironic. first movement trying to get to idealized life. future groups took idea and pushed it further. |
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| International affair 14,000 manufacturers, held in Crystal Palace. First mall |
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| France and Belgium! 1890-1910. rejected historical forms NEW ART! (France called it new art because it sounded foreign) Total art movement applied to everthing. Bing's boutique was called "Art Nouveau" hence the movement's name. still about economic reform (cheap jewelry) Mucha. Influences: ekiyo-e (japanese prints) rococo, arts and crafts, symbolists |
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| strong geometric shapes/motifs think rectangles. contrasted curvilinear. art nouveu is a movement not just a style. scotland, vienna |
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| Klimt, Moser, Vr Sacrum, Hoffman 1897 part of Art Nouveau. Vienna. Felt academies were out of date with current styles. magazine: ver sacrum. |
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| total work of art, universal |
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2 sisters and 2 brohas (later married) Scottish.
Charles Rennie Mackintosh
Frances Macdonald
Margaret Macdonald
Herbert McNair
did rectilinear work as opposed to mucha who did curvilinear. loved stylization, crazy proportions and mystical female figures. didn't like idealized work |
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| black outline (inspired by ekyio-e) |
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| "floating world" the world of pleasure. from Japan, things were imported to Europe when Japan was open. woodblock prints, popular with Japanese public, "Pop Culture" scenes of the streets, ordinary people, focus on females, flat. mass production. Great Wave, simplified, a-symmetrical, contour line, shapes, silouettes |
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| fasination with japanese culture; isolated culture; pure and unique, strange culture, Europe became obsessed, white chicks in kimonos, expressive countourlines, influenced other works |
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| righteous posters, idealized for the socialist parties, propaganda. NOT CONSTRUCTIVISM |
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| set of beliefs. RUSSIA: influenced by synthetic cubism. visual organization. meant for everybody, but public did not understand shapes. constructivist were not interested in individuality. influenced by futurism, suprematism, de stilj |
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Dada at the same time. Mondrian and Theo van Doesberg founded. "The old is associated with the individual, the new is associated with the universal" IK Bonsent. He was in several art movements. Also did constructive design.
Neo-plasticism. Geometric abstraction. Cow sketch to shapes. Supremetism happened at same time but they arrived separately. flat no depth no diagonals shapes primary colors black ruels |
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| suprematism and Malevitch |
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| abstract geometry not influenced by de stilj. 1915-1916 fundamental shapes. paintings. universal, social. |
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| prolecult. cultural and spiritual needs. unlike unions and the communist government. working class, hated upper class. wanted to raise cultural level of urban areas. |
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| ideal community or society. non-existent. photo montage strive for it. |
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| literary movement led by Shklovsky. huge influence on theater and visual arts. Central concept: defamiliarization. "make strange" |
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| International Constructivism |
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| EVERYWHERE ELSE: (European) just a style, just a look for design, a-political (without politics) geometric abstraction |
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| new economic policy. 1921 Lenin. limited amount of capitalism into communist economy. tried to build industry. Bolshevik |
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| photo collage cut and paste. during Dada |
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| projects from the establishments of the new art. constructivim. laws of visual organization |
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| picks apart objects takes parts from different angles. many points of views. muted or monochromatic palette interested in form. no depth. still painting objects, not real abstraction |
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| is put together. collage. loved newspaper. juxtapose daily life into flat surface. condition Modernity. loved words. crude rude. racy humor |
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| art and design movement focused on making things elegant and beautiful. reductive geometric abstraction! really flashy. commercial! influenced by cubism |
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| MODERNISTS. 1900s-1920s a-political. internal reflection, interested in emotion. exploring form. cubism and expressionism |
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| revolutionary avant garde |
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| MODERNISTS. 1900s-1920s political. extroverted. engaged with life. dadaism. constructivism. futurism. |
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| reductive geometric abstraction |
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| non-illusionistic. taking away detail while at the same time making simple shapes within a flat surface. |
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| avant gsrde was influenced by philosophical writing, nietzche (author). he said nature was a mix of both appolonian and dionysian. appolo is light and easy, whose opposite is dion who is into wine forgetfulness and music |
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| poster style, german. reductive flat color design. moving away from art noveou's complexity |
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| still pictorial, on the road to reductive geometric abstraction. simple flat backgrounds and objects. Beggarstaff |
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