Term
| What was the new architectural material whose price had dropped significantly at the end of WWII that quickly was adopted as the exterior material of choice for the next twenty years? |
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Definition
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Term
| List the 3 locations for a glass skin in a skyscraper and list a building from class that is an example of each type: |
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Definition
1. Within the structural cage - Equitable Savings & Loan
2. In front of the structure - Lever House
3. In back of the structure - Inland Steel |
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Term
| What was the last and tallest of the International Style box skyscrapers? |
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Definition
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Term
| What kept the International Style glass box skyscraper from going no taller than the Chase Manhattan Bank? |
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Definition
| Wind bracing structure is too expensive |
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Term
| "I don't want to be interesting, I want to be good." Is a quote ascribed to: |
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Definition
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Term
| "Architecture is the will of an epoch translated into space." Is a quote ascribed to: |
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Definition
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Term
| The first post-WWII glass box skyscraper in the US was: |
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Definition
| the Equitable SAvings and Loan, Portland |
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Term
| The conceptual design of the UN office tower was the product of: |
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Definition
| Corbusier's realization of a tower in a park. |
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Term
| Who was responsible for the conceptual design of the UN office tower? |
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Definition
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Term
| What advantage is there in offsetting the location of the core in the plan of a high-rise office building? |
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Definition
| Gives a variety of floor depths for variation between different types of functions |
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Term
| Describe the problem that "rationalist" International Style designers tried to avoid in the design of a skyscraper and what was the typical solution? |
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Definition
| Corner columns carried less load than other ones, so rationally they should be smaller. However, corners appear larger because you can see two sides at once rather than one, so solution is cantilever floors beyond the last column, eliminating the corner altogether |
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Term
| Discuss the interrelationship between exterior and interior detailing in choosing between a centerline-to-centerline curtain wall and one that is inserted between the sides of the columns: |
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Definition
centerline-to-centerline allows interiors to use a module but the exterior requires different sized windows on the end of the building and the middle
Sides of columns, the interior requires showing the column thickness in materials, but the exterior can use the same module as a curtain wall |
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Term
| List two details Mies used in his American buildings to divorce them from the existing urban fabric: |
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Definition
1. Raises the building on a podium
2. Buildings are set back from the sidewalk |
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Term
| What two major projects were responsible for the large size of SOM by the end of WWII? |
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Definition
1. VA Hospitals
2. Manhattan projects |
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Term
| What skyscraper marked the ultimate retreat from the street and the start of "plaza-mania"? |
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Definition
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Term
| Describe the difference in how Mies designed spaces in his pre-WWII European buildings and his post-WWII American buildings: |
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Definition
Pre-war: horizontal emphasis, about the flow of space, simplicity, and nature
Post-war: Vertical emphasis. rational style, more complicated exteriors |
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Term
| The SOM partner responsible for the design of the Lever House was: |
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Definition
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Term
| What details in the Lever house allows the pedestrian to reconnect with tower after leaving the sidewalk? |
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Definition
| 2-story podium with courtyard |
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Term
| Why were the Lever house and the Seagram's building much more expensive than the face value of their construction? |
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Definition
| They didn't use the full site to maximize available space |
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Term
| The building that best represents the coming together of Wright's ideas of plan, section, and elevation in creating community of space and movement is: |
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Definition
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Term
| Sketch the applied corner detail of a typical Mies skyscraper: |
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Definition
| stop the applied exterior curtain wall short of the corner to express it |
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Term
| The difference between SOM's typical corner detail as represented in the Inland Steel Building and Mies' typical corner detail as represented in Seagram's Building is: |
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Definition
Mies: cantilevers the floor 1/2 a bay past the last column
SOM: placed the column in the corner to make a full bay |
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Term
| Describe the lateral (wind) load structure of the Sears Building/ World Trade Center: |
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Definition
| tube structure: rigid frame structure of vertical columns - not crossbracing |
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Term
| what 3 environmental systems were combined in the development of the suspended ceiling during the 1950's? |
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Definition
1. Ventilation
2. Sprinklers
3. Lighting |
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