Term
| Cave paintings were the birth of what? |
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Definition
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Term
| For what purpose were cave paintings created? |
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Definition
| utilitarian and ritualistic |
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Term
| What purposes may the cave paintings have had? |
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Definition
1 magical rites to gain power over animals and success in hunting
2 teaching children hunting instruction |
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Term
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Definition
| elementary pictures or sketches to represent the things dipicted-such are animals painted on cave painting walls |
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Term
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Definition
| symbols to represent ideas or concepts |
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Term
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Definition
| carved or scratched signs or simple figures on rock |
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Term
| The leap from village culture to high civilization occured after what people arrived? |
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Definition
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Term
| Sumerian people arrived in Mesopatamia at what time? |
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Definition
| near the end of the 4th millenium |
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Term
| Teh sumerians invented a system of Gods. Who headed it? |
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Definition
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Term
| What was the most important sumerian contribution to civilization? |
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Definition
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Term
| The sumerians, being a temple based economy, had a great need for what? |
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Definition
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Term
| A theory of the initial purpose behind sumerian writing is labeling what? |
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Definition
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Term
| When and where do Sumerians settle and develop writing? |
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Definition
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Term
| When did the sumerians begin to write in horizantal rows,left to right, top to bottom? |
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Definition
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Term
| When is the sharp point stylus replaced? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the sharp stylus replaced with? |
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Definition
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Term
| What did the pictograph language evolve into? |
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Definition
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Term
| What do pictographs represent? |
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Definition
| animate and inanimate objects |
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Term
| What do picto-graphs evolve into> |
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Definition
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Term
| What do ideographs represent? |
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Definition
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Term
| What do the ideographs turn into? |
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Definition
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Term
| What do picture symbols represent? |
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Definition
| Sounds of words not easily depicted |
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Term
| What is the highest development of cuneiform? |
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Definition
| using abstract signs to represent syllables |
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Term
| What is the highest development of cuneiform? |
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Definition
| using abstract signs to represent syllables |
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Term
| Who simplified cuneiform? |
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Definition
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Term
| What did the invention of writing cause? |
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Definition
1 a knowledge explosion
2 libraries to be formed
3 history recorded
4 literature recorded |
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Term
| What laws were developed to establish social order? |
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Definition
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Term
| How is the trade mark invented? |
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Definition
| Through the use of mesopotamaian cylinder seal |
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Term
| What was the mesopotamaian cylinder seal? |
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Definition
| a cylindrical stone with images etched into their surfaces, rolled across damp clay and left impression |
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Term
| When did the Meso civilization reach its Zenith? |
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Definition
| the reign of King Nebuchadnezzar (562 BC) |
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Term
| In 562BC what city state became the richest? |
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Definition
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Term
| Who did Babylon fall to in 538 BC? |
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Definition
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Term
| Wehre is the gift of visuable languge passed after the fall of Babylon? |
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Definition
| to the Phonecians and the Egyptians |
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Term
| The Egyptian pictoral system? |
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Definition
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Term
| How did the phonecians replace the complexity of cuneiform? |
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Definition
| with simple phonetic sounds |
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Term
| hieroglyph is greek for what? |
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Definition
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Term
| When is the earliest known date of hieroglyphs? |
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Definition
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Term
| When was the last known hieroglyph inscription? |
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Definition
| 394AD after Egypt became a Roman colony |
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Term
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Definition
| A key fixture, bracket like symbol containing sounds or phonograms of important names |
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Term
| What did Napolean's troops find in 1799 and how? |
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Definition
| they found the rosetta stone while they were digging a foundation for an addition to a fortification in the egyptian town of Rossetta |
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Term
| What is the rosetta stone? |
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Definition
black stone written in two languages and three scripts
1 Egyptian Hieroglyphics
2 Egyptian Demotic script
3 Greek |
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Term
| What did Dr. Thomas Young in 1819 point out? |
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Definition
| The direction in which the animals face is the direction in which the text should be read? |
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Term
| In 1822 what contribution did Jean-Francois Champollion make? |
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Definition
compared a photo of an obelisk with the rosetta stone and found
1 Glyphs often function as phonemic sounds
2 Sounded out other glyphs until he had a dozen hieroglyphic translations |
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Term
| What did Campollions books enable other to do? |
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Definition
| enabled other Egyptologists to unlock the mysteries of Egyptian History and Culture |
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Term
| By the time of the new kingdom how many hieroglyphs were being used? |
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Definition
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Term
| Of the 700 hieroglyphs during the new kingdom how many were phonograms and how many were pictographs? |
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Definition
600 phongrams
100 pictographs |
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Term
| How was the first form of paper developed and what was it called? |
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Definition
| Papyrus make form the stem of a cyperus papyrus plant |
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Term
| Where did the Cyperus papyrus plant grow? |
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Definition
| Along the Nile in shallow marshes and pools |
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Term
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Definition
1 Rind peeled away
2 Cut into strips
3 Laid side by side
4 Second layer laid perpindicular
5 Soaked in Nile
6 Pressed
7 Dried in the sun
8 Smoothed with ivory stone
7 Hammered |
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Term
| What acted as a adhesive in the papyrus paper? |
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Definition
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Term
| How many different grades of papyrus were made? |
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Definition
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Term
| How tall were the tallest sheets? |
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Definition
| 49 cm. 20 sheets pasted together into a scroll |
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Term
| What is the book of the Dead? |
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Definition
| 1st person narrative by the deceased that is placed in their tomb |
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Term
| Who would be commision to write a book of the Dead? |
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Definition
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Term
| What was the purpose of the book of the Dead? |
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Definition
| To help the comissioner triumph over the dangers of the underworld in the tomb, final judgements were rendered |
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Term
| What was the purpose of the book of the Dead? |
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Definition
| To help the comissioner triumph over the dangers of the underworld in the tomb, final judgements were rendered |
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Term
| What was the purpose of the book of the Dead? |
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Definition
| To help the comissioner triumph over the dangers of the underworld in the tomb, final judgements were rendered |
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Term
| What would royal family members comission to have done? |
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Definition
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Term
| What did the Egyptians and Sumerians use to mark their property? |
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Definition
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Term
| What were used as identification seals? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| oval stones of glazed steatite carved into the likeness of a scarab beetle, with the underside inscribed with a hieroglyphic inscription to be used as a stamp |
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Term
| Is Chinese caligraphy and alphabet? |
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Definition
| no, it is purely visual art |
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Term
| How did paper become invented? |
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Definition
- Ts'ai Lun, a high gov. official - but may not have invented it
- Started as strips of wood that were too heavy
-peices of silk, to expensive.
-Finally natural fibers including bark and hemp and rags
- Beaten to pulp
- Strained
- Pressed
- Dried |
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Term
| How did paper become invented? |
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Definition
- Ts'ai Lun, a high gov. official - but may not have invented it
- Started as strips of wood that were too heavy
-peices of silk, to expensive.
-Finally natural fibers including bark and hemp and rags
- Beaten to pulp
- Strained
- Pressed
- Dried |
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Term
| How did paper become invented? |
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Definition
- Ts'ai Lun, a high gov. official - but may not have invented it
- Started as strips of wood that were too heavy
-peices of silk, to expensive.
-Finally natural fibers including bark and hemp and rags
- Beaten to pulp
- Strained
- Pressed
- Dried |
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Term
| What is the oldest surviving manuscript? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the two theories of the origin of printing? |
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Definition
1 Chap Theory- engraved seals, impressions in soft clay, inked, printed.
2 Stone Rubbing- China, insriptions made in stone and then did ink rubbings |
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Term
| Where was movable type invented? |
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Definition
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Term
| When was movable type invented? |
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Definition
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Term
| How was movable type created? |
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Definition
Pi Shang
1.Independant characters cut from clay and
2 heated over straw to make hard
3 Wax coating put on iron form
4 Type characters set into it
5 Full form fired |
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Term
| What is the phaistos Disk? |
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Definition
-made in 2000BC,
-terra cotta disk about 6.5 inches in diameter,
- 241 signs
- Created by minoan culture |
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Term
| Describe the Minoan culture? |
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Definition
- on island of Crete
- used pic. symbols as early as 2800BC |
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Term
| Why did the Greeks use the word byblos for papyrus? |
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Definition
| Their papyrus came through the port of Byblos. The English word bible came from here |
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Term
| How was the Greek alphabet developed? |
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Definition
-1000bc-700bc
- Had Phonecian alphabet, unclear how
- Change 5 consonants to vowels
- To versions to begin
- Ionic version became standard |
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Term
| How was the Greek alphabet developed? |
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Definition
-1000bc-700bc
- Had Phonecian alphabet, unclear how
- Change 5 consonants to vowels
- To versions to begin
- Ionic version became standard |
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Term
| Describe the appearance of the Greek alphabet? |
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Definition
| altered teh phoenicial characters into art forms, use horizontal, vertical, and curved diagonal strokes. |
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Term
| Why were Roman manuscripts called illuminated? |
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Definition
| They were embellished with gold or silver which reflected the light |
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Term
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Definition
| writing room in a monastary |
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Term
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Definition
| well-scholar who understood Greek and Latin, Functioned as editor and art director |
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Term
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Definition
| illustrator or artist respondsible for the execution of ornament and image in visual support of the text |
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Term
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Definition
| insription in book or manuscript, contains facts about production, scribe, designer, oralater and printer |
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Term
| Why did the monastatic leaders want elaborate ornamentation on religious texts? |
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Definition
| help further understanding, creating mystical and spiritual overtones |
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Term
| What event led to the tragic loss of much of ancient literature? |
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Definition
| The great Greek library was destroyed by fire. |
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Term
| How and where was the present day comic book prefigured? |
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Definition
| scrolls that survived the Greek fire, showed small simple illustrations were inserted into the text |
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Term
| What is the oldest manuscript from the late antique and early Christian era? |
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Definition
Watican Virgil
2-3 great poems of Vergilios Marco
Georgies and Aenid |
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Term
| What was the Caroline graphic renewal? |
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Definition
Writing and illustrations had become sloppy
Charlemagne demanded reform
Sribes got together standardized
Went out and taught it |
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Term
| What contributions did Spain make to book production> |
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Definition
| Ilustrations that are richly colored geometric designs and intricate patterns |
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Term
| What happened on New Year's Eve AD 999 |
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Definition
| People all over waited for the final judgment, believing it was the end of the world |
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