Term
| What are the four traditional subdisciplines of anthropology and what happened to these subdisciplines in the late twentieth century? |
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Definition
| (P. 17) "Introduction" Physical, Archaeological, Linguistic, Cultural. |
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Term
| Why can there be no one history of anthropological theory? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the differences among scientific, humanistic, and religious systems of thought? |
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Definition
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Term
| What did pre-Socratic philosophers contribute to anthropological theory? |
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Definition
| (P. 21-22) "Anthropology in Antiquity" |
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Term
| What are the differences between the Platonic and Aristotelian legacies to anthropology? |
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Definition
| (P. 23-24) "Anthropology in Antiquity" |
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Term
| How did Stoicism bridge Greek and Roman thought? |
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Definition
| (P. 24) "Anthropology in Antiquity" |
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Term
| What were the tenets of Augustinian Christianity, and how did they affect anthropology in the Middle Ages? |
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Definition
| (P. 25-26) "Anthropology in Antiquity" |
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Term
| In the period of the Middle Ages, what did Islam contribute to anthropology? |
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Definition
| (P. 26) "The Middle Ages" |
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Term
| How did the theologies of Saint Augustine and Saint Thomas Aquinas differ, and how did these differences affect the history of anthropological theory? |
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Definition
| (P. 27) "The Middle Ages" |
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Term
| What was the Renaissance? |
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Definition
| (P. 25) "The Renaissance" |
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Term
| What was the Renaissance legacy to anthropological theory? |
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Definition
| (P. 30) "The Renaissance" |
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Term
| Why were the voyages of geographical discovery so important in the history of anthropological theory? |
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Definition
| (P. ) "Voyages of Geographical Discovery" |
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Term
| What is the significance of the difference between the portrayals of Native peoples as natural slaves and as natural children? |
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Definition
| (P. ) "Voyages of Geographical Discovery" |
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Term
| What are the differences between monogenesis and polygenesis? |
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Definition
| (P. ) "Voyages of Geographical Discovery" |
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Term
| What is the differences between deduction, associated with French rationalism, and induction, associated with British empiricism? |
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Definition
| (P. ) "The Scientific Revolution" |
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Term
| What roles did Nicholaus Copernicus, Tycho Brahe, Johann Kepler, and Galileo Galilei play in the Scientific Revolution? |
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Definition
| (P. ) "The Scientific Revolution" |
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Term
| How did medieval cosmology differ from the cosmology of Isaac Newton? |
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Definition
| (P. ) "The Scientific Revolution" |
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Term
| How did the Scientific Revolution affect the history of anthropological theory? |
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Definition
| (P. ) "The Scientific Revolution" |
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Term
| What are the differences between diests and theists? |
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Definition
| (P. ) "The Enlightenment" |
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Term
| What is the anthropological significance of John Locke's concept of tabula rasa? |
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Definition
| (P. ) "The Enlightenment" |
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Term
| Who were the universal historians, and how were they anthropological? |
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Definition
| (P. ) "The Enlightenment" |
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Term
| In the early nineteenth century, what were the intellectual reactions to the French Revolution? |
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Definition
| (P. ) "The Rise of Positivism" |
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Term
| What was Auguste Comte's philosophy of Positivism, and how did it integrate social dynamics and statics? |
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Definition
| (P. ) "The Rise of Positivism" |
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Term
| What is the significance of positivism for the history of anthropological theory? |
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Definition
| (P. ) "The Rise of Positivism" |
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Term
| In dialectical materialism, how did Karl Marx and Friedrich Engles change the philosophy of Friedrich Hegel? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the labour theory of value? |
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Definition
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Term
| On what basis did Marx and Engles predict the inevitable future collapse of capitalism? |
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Definition
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Term
| What does it mean to be a Marxist anthropologist? |
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Definition
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Term
| How did the formulations of nineteenth-century cultural evolutionists differ from the formulations of eighteenth-century universal historians? |
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Definition
| (P. ) "Classical Cultural Evolutionism" |
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Term
| How did Lewis Henry Morgan explain the evolution of marriage, family, and sociopolitical organization, and how did other evolutionists disagree with his explanation? |
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Definition
| (P. ) "Classical Cultural Evolutionism" |
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Term
| According to a synthesis of the views of Edward Burnett Taylor and Herbert Spencer, how did magico-religion beliefs and institutions evolve? |
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Definition
| (P. ) "Classical Cultural Evolutionism" |
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Term
| How did James Frazer differentiate magic, religion, and science? |
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Definition
| (P. ) "Classical Cultural Evolutionism" |
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Term
| How do diffusionism and evolutionism differ as explanations of culture change? |
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Definition
| (P. ) "Evolutionism vs. Diffusionism" |
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Term
| What were the differences between the heliocentric and kulturkreis (definition: roughly, "culture circle" or "cultural field") versions of diffusionism? |
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Definition
| (P. ) "Evolutionism vs. Diffusionism" |
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Term
| What does the doctrine of psychic unity have to do with the difference between evolutionism and diffusionism? |
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Definition
| (P. ) "Evolutionism vs. Diffusionism" |
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Term
| In the nineteenth century, what developments led to scientific acceptance of the idea of prehistory? |
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Definition
| (P. ) "Archaeology Comes of Age" |
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Term
| In the nineteenth century, how was archaeology linked to racism and colonialism? |
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Definition
| (P. ) "Archaeology Comes of Age" |
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Term
| What was the basis of the debate between Neptunist and Vulcanist geologists? |
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Definition
| (P. ) "Charles Darwin and Darwinism" |
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Term
| What was the basis of the debate between uniformitarian and catastrophist geologists? |
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Definition
| (P. ) "Charles Darwin and Darwinism" |
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Term
| What were the major influences on Charles Darwin's theory of evolution? |
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Definition
| (P. ) "Charles Darwin and Darwinism" |
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Term
| How did Darwin's mechanism of natural selection differ from Jean Lamarck's mechanism of the inheritance of acquired characteristics? |
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Definition
| (P. ) "Charles Darwin and Darwinism" |
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Term
| Why is the term Social Darwinism historically misleading? |
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Definition
| (P. ) "Charles Darwin and Darwinism" |
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Term
| What kinds of moral systems have been based on Darwinian biology? |
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Definition
| (P. ) "Charles Darwin and Darwinism" |
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Term
| How did Sigmund Freud come to the realization that people have a subconscious, and how did he differentiate the id, ego, and superego? |
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Definition
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Term
| How did Freud explain the origin of the psychic conflict that, according to him, plagues humankind? |
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Definition
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Term
| How did Freud characterize human nature? |
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Definition
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Term
| According to Emile Durkheim, what is the distinction between mechanical and organic solidarity? |
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Definition
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Term
| What did Durkheim mean by social facts, the collective consciousness, and collective representations? |
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Definition
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Term
| How do the concepts of sacred and profane relate to Durkheim's theory of religion, and what is the role of the totem? |
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Definition
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Term
| How did Durkheim's vision of society differ from the vision of Karl Marx? |
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Definition
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Term
| How was the analysis of Max Weber different from the analyses of his contemporaries, especially Marx and Durkheim, and what was its central contribution to understanding the nature of culture? |
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Definition
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Term
| What role did religion play in Weber's analysis? Which particular religion represents the theory he developed, and why? |
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Definition
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Term
| How does Weber elaborate a theory of human agency? |
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Definition
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Term
| According to Weber, what is rationalization, and why is the charismatic prophet central to his thinking? |
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Definition
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Term
| How is Saussure's linguistics different from that of his predecessors? |
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Definition
| (P. ) "Ferdinand de Saussure" |
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Term
| In terms of its writing, what makes Saussure's 'Course in General Linguistics' unusual as a text? |
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Definition
| (P. ) "Ferdinand de Saussure" |
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Term
| How does Saussure define the sign, what are its constituent elements, and how are these seen as changing over time? |
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Definition
| (P. ) "Ferdinand de Saussure" |
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Term
| According to Saussure, what is the distinction between langue and parole, and why is this distinction important? |
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Definition
| (P. ) "Ferdinand de Saussure" |
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Term
| Why must Saussure's theory be considered largely synchronic? |
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Definition
| (P. ) "Ferdinand de Saussure" |
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