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| A policy that allows businesses to operate without government interference |
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| Human Nature is governed by this. |
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| A social gathering in which artists and thinkers exchange ideas |
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| Life, Liberty and Property are examples of this |
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| An agreement by which people give up their natural state for an organized society |
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| Called for the acquisition of gold and silver wealth through trade. They believed trade should be supported through government regulation to achieve a favorable trade balance |
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| Believed that government should not interfere with trade, they supported free trade, and they believed real wealth came from making the land more productive |
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| He believed that there should be no government regulations on trade |
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| he said that “ I do not agree with a word you say, but I will defend to the death your right to say it” |
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| He believed that people had the right to overthrow a government that fails to protect their natural rights |
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| He believed that in order to have liberty, it is necessary that the powers of the government must be separated. |
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| A philosopher who believed that people were generally good – and also General Will |
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| Editor of the controversial Encyclopedia |
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| What did Montesquieu believe was the purpose of Separation of Powers? |
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| the Protect the liberties of the people |
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| The Declaration of Independence reflects the ideas of what Enlightened Thinker? |
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| Describe the economic policy of mercantilism |
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| it was based on a belief that a nations’ real wealth was measured in its gold and silver treasure and that the government worked to ensure that the country exported more than it imported |
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| How did thinkers during the Enlightenment challenge the established Social Order? |
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| – calling for a just society using reason to solve social political and economic problems |
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| What did the Enlightenment Period’s faith in reason to solve social problems grow out of? |
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| The success of Science during the Scientific Revolution |
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| The Wealthiest members of the Third Estate |
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| A feeling of pride in and intense devotion to one’s country |
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| Radical Working class-men and women |
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| Spending more money than is taken in |
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| The Clergy of France belong to this class |
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| French Economy was mainly supported by them |
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| Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen |
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| It stated all male citizens had the right to vote |
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| The Napoleonic Code reflected Enlightenment principles by guaranteeing the equality of all citizens before the law. |
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| King of France during the opening of the French Revolution – He said to the General Estate “Let all 3 Estates list their grievances to me” |
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| She was accused of saying “Let them Eat Cake” which would eventually help to incite the women’s march on Versailles |
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| Jacobin revolutionary who led the Reign of Terror--- “Lives must be sacrificed for liberty” |
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| Great French General – French emperor who dominated Europe in the early 1800’s |
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| His invention was the main instrument of death during the Reign of Terror |
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| What was France’s Social Structure? |
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| There was inequality among the 3 estates |
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| Why did the nobles resist the reforms of Jacques Necker? |
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| They wanted to pay no taxes |
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| Who was France’s economy mainly supported by? |
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| What event in France signaled the start of the French Revolution? |
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| The Storming of the Bastille |
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| What did the Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen state? |
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| All men were born free and equal in rights |
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| What did the Constitution of 1791 establish? |
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| A new Legislative Assembly |
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| What did Robspierre try to do during the Reign of Terror? |
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| Crush all opposition to the revolution |
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| What was the chief goal of the Congress of Vienna? |
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| What took place in Napoleon’s life in three areas: Waterloo, Russia, Crowning himself and his handling of Spain? |
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| He suffered his last defeat at Waterloo, He suffered an embarrassing defeat in Russia, he crowned himself emperor as a sign of his total authority and He gave his brother the crown of Spain |
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| A way of organizing workers and machines in order to assemble a finished product effectively |
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| Places that brought together workers and machines to produce large quantities of goods – and moved the industry away from the putting out system |
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| A business owned by stockholders |
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| The movement of people from the country to the cities |
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| The idea that the fittest would always beat out their competitors, whether in war or industry |
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| The idea that the goal of society should be “ the greatest happiness for the greatest number of people” |
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| Identical components that speeded both assembly and repair because they could be used in place of one another |
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| Multistory buildings that were divided into crowded apartments |
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| Inventor who improved the Steam Engine – Known as the Father of the Industrial Revolution |
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| French doctor who proved the “germ theory” – invented Pastuerization |
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| First automaker to use the assembly line to mass produce cars |
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| Thinker who promoted the idea of the “greatest happiness for the greatest number” |
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| Founder of the Methodist Church |
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| A captain of industry, also known as a Robber Barron, who attempted to create a steel monopoly |
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| his work contributed directly to increased life expectancy in the late 1800’s – Discovered antiseptics preventing infection |
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| What was the most important source of power for the Industrial Revolution? |
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| The Steam Engine – created by Watt |
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| How were working class women treated early in the Industrial Revolution? |
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| Worked 12 or more hours a day outside the home |
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| What did the Industrialization in the textile industry result in? |
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| The Establishment of factories |
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| What were the conditions for workers in the Early Industrial Revolution in mines and factories? |
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| Their working conditions were dangerous and inhumane |
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| What group benefited the most from Industrial Revolution? |
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| What was a direct result of the discovery that germs caused disease? |
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| What groups that were formed during the Industrial Revolution were closely linked to labor reforms? |
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| What did the ideas of Charles Darwin assert? |
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| All forms of life evolved over millions of years |
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| Why did Darwin’s theory of evolution cause controversy? |
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| It disagrees with the biblical account of creation |
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| Where did most poor factory workers live in industrial cities in 19th Century? |
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| In tenements near the factories in the center of cities |
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| Which group would have argued that a woman’s place is in the home around 1850? |
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| Form of socialism that focuses on ending class struggle |
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| Society as a group rather than individuals should own and operate farms and businesses |
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| A form of government in which a one-party dictatorship tries to regulate |
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| A council of workers and soldiers |
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| The government makes all of the economic decisions |
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| The Russian Civil War broke out after the Bolshevik Revolution - The Red Army fought against them |
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| Philosopher who thought that history was a struggle between classes |
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| Communist leader who competed with Stalin for power |
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| Ruthless Soviet Dictator who industrialized the Soviet Union |
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| Marxist leader of the Russian Revolution |
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| Last Russian Czar – he abdicated his throne in 1917 |
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| A holy man who had great influence over the Czarina-Alexandria |
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| What conditions during the Industrial Revolution supported Karl Marx ideas? |
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| There were a few wealthy business people while the majority of people were poor |
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| What was Lenin’s New Economic Policy designed to do? |
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| Why did Lenin believe that a socialist revolution could succeed in Russia? |
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| A small group of dedicated revolutionaries controlled the government |
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| What was a result of the Bolshevik Revolution? |
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| What was a result of the Bolshevik Revolution? |
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| How did Stalin become the leader of the Soviet Union? |
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| How could the Soviet Union be described under the rule of Lenin? |
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| The Communist party held absolute control over the government |
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| What was the effect of Stalin’s five-year plans? |
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| Why did Stalin use Propaganda? |
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| Increase Support for Communism |
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| Indentify the causes of the March 1917 revolution in Russia. |
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| Haitian General who led the Haitian Revolution |
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| What event sparked off a widespread revolt in Latin America and Haiti in the early 1800’s |
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| Napoleon’s invasion of Spain |
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| What place actually won their freedom from France? |
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| In the 1920’s and 30’s – he led the nationalist movement which taught that nonviolent resistance and civil disobedience was the way to win rights |
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| the right of foreigners to live under their own laws and to be tried in their own courts |
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| It is an example of Civil Disobedience |
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| A Policy to keep Chinese Trade open to everyone on an equal basis |
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| What were the results of the Sepoy Rebellion? |
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| British insensitivity to Indian customs |
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| Why did the Righteous Harmonious Fist attempt to drive the foreigners out of China? |
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| They were polluting the land with their un-Chinese ways |
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| What did the Chinese Reformers support after 1900? |
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| What caused the Tiaping Rebellion? |
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| Identify the things that the Indian National Congress wanted. |
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| Eventual Self-Rule for India |
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| What were the results of Matthew Perry’s expedition to Japan? |
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| Japan opened its ports to American trade |
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| What did Indian soldiers of WWI expect after the war? |
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| How did Gandhi fight against British Rule? |
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