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| Historic area in Quebec known for its battle between British and French in 1759. |
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| Political theory published by Montesquieu in 1748, was French. |
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| Came back to throne of England, did away with parliament meeting every 3 years. Also favored religious toleration. Also passed Decleration of Indulgence. |
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Built steam engine in 18th century. Could be used in mines to pump water out of mines.
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| Major part of enlightment, came up with the idea of the tabularosa. |
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| Helped write encyclopedia in 1772. |
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| Designed to ensure that Austrian throne would be inherited by Maria Theresa. |
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| Also know as the elder. Was British secretary of state in 1750's, wanted to make French fight 2 wars, sent 40,000 troops to America. |
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| French Cardinal who served as chief minister of Louis XV. |
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| Treaty of Aix la Chappelle |
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| Was truce between British and French during the War of the Austrian Sucession. passed in 1740's |
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| Created by Hargreaves in 1760's, reduced the amount of work needed to make yarn. |
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| Was regarded as first Prime minister of Great Britain |
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| Was a British secretary of state, had strong interest for planting turnips. |
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| Drastic change that led to social issues. Landowners began to realize they could make more money by enclosing the fields. Simply just plant wheat led to 5 men who lease strips of land. Done through use of enclosure acts. |
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| Known as first person to really use advertising. Created China for kings and parliament and once they bought in the middle class wanted some so he made a cheaper version. |
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| Pattened the puddling process in 1783. |
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| Take old bread and sell it at old price back to baker. |
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| Idea created by John Locke that everyone was born with a "blank slate" and your expieriences early on shaped what kind of person you were. |
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| Happened in France in 18th century, when literature became more important and more books, magazines, and newspapers were writtien, ideas started being communicated through the written word, people began reading less religious works to read other works. |
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| became popular in France during enlightment in 17th and 18th centuries where people would meet under one roof to discuss ideas. |
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| known for treatise on Crimes and Punishments in 1764. |
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| believed wealth of nations derived from land agriculture. |
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| known as father of economics, wrote Wealth of Nations in 1776. |
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| Written by Rousseau in 1762 about how to set up a political community |
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| known as jewish settlement on countryside. |
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| Yorkshire movement association |
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| in 1779 Wyvill was appointed chairman of this association. |
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| singed in 1763, gave Britain all of Canda, Ohio River Valley, and all land east of Mississippi river. Gave French sugar islands. Ended the seven years war. |
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| All of Ohio River Valley in America becomes Quebec. Americans were mad because they thought that America was being given back to Catholics. |
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| right to send slave ships to 2 spanish colonies and to have one merchant ship in Spanish market, but Americans took advantage of this. |
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| Messed around with Newcomen Engine and made it more efficient. Called it Watts Steam engine. |
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| Created Spinning Jenny in 1760's reduced the amount of work needed to make yarn. |
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| a percentage tax paid to landlords mill when grain was grinded. |
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| took poached into city to sell it to poultres and they would sell it to black market. |
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| most were from middle class, part of 18th century enlightment, tried to reason everything. |
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| Written by Diderot and D'alembert in 1772. Consisted of 78 volumes, Geoffrin paid for it. |
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| Idea that since nature was rational, God was rational and therefore, religion should be rational and God would reward those who lived rationally, also God did not get involved with human affairs he just created the Earth and sat back and watched. |
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| Contributed to the Spirit of the Laws. |
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| wrote the Social Contract in 1762. |
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| known as godmother of encyclopedia, married at 15 to a traditonal marraige. when her husband died she used expenses to pay the writers of the Encyclopedia. Become very respected in 18th century. |
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| form of absolute monarcy in which rulers are influenced by the enlightment. Fostered arts, sciences, and education. |
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| Was owned by Austria but Fredrick the II took over breaking the Pragmatic Sanction and starting the war of the Austrian Succession. |
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| Nominated to the viceroy for each one. |
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| government agency under Spanish Empire that tried to control all Spanish exploration and colonization in 16th-18th centuries. |
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| was a appellate court in Spain and its empire. |
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| Between Spanish and English, Jenkins had his ear cut off when he tried to stop a search of his ship, kept his ear in a jar of brandy to preserve it and used it to talk bad about the Spanish. Seven years later walked into meeting with parliament and demanded a war with the Spanish. War lasted over 70 years. |
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| What is family economy? What was the role of women in family economy? |
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| was an economic unit in pre-industrial times where technology was limited and unchaning. Most economic activity took place within the household. Family played a central role in society at the time becuase your economic and social status were defined by birth, family ties, and local custom. Many children were born to work on farms and plantations and crops were grown not only to sell but to eat as well. High fertility and guranteed employment made education seem very unimportant at the time. Women had a role of having these children and staying home and taking care of them, were as the male figures of the family did most of the labor outside of the home. |
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| How was the Hohenzollern family able to forge a conglomerate of diverse land holdings into the state of Prussia? |
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| It is a question of scale, the Hapsburgs controlled Austria under Charles V as well as Hungary, Spain, and the New World as well as other territories. They were also involved in European diplomacy and related by marraige to most of the royal houses of Europe. Henry VIII's wife was a Hapsburg. Prussia was at best a regional power and was dependent on its army and statemen. |
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| What are the fundamental ideas of the Mercantile Theory? |
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| The idea of entering into commercial ventures with private properties, of wealthy nobles or merchants, backed by private banks. This provided both working capital and an income source to which the royal houses had relatively free access. The British and Dutch were involved in this more than anyone else. The British may have been most sucessful because they had the British East India Company, which at it's height had more income, subjects, and a larger budget than the British state itself. |
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| What were the conflicts of the seven years war? |
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| The Seven years was was a major conflict, on one side you had King Louis XV trying to relive the glory days in France of King Louis XIV and you had Prussia and Fredrick the II on the other side backed by the British gold provided by William Pitt. Fredrick II or Prussia took over Austria and broke the pragmatic sanction. Maria Theresa declared war on Prussia It was also the result of trading rights, the British needed to expand by entering into the Ohio Valley, but this was controlled by France. |
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