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| Akhenaten (r.1353-1335 BC) |
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| An Egyptian Pharaoh who's notable for trying to change the regilion of Egypt from the tradition model. When he died the traditional model was gradually restored. |
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| Akkadian Empire (2334-2193 BC) |
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| One of the first empires in the world. Situated in the Mesopotamian region. |
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| A set of phonetic signs in which vowels and consonants are represented by separate signs. The fewest nubmer of signs of any system. Many early alphabets left out the vowels. |
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| Name that Mesopotamian urbanites called the transhumant herders from the Arabian desert. Around 2300 BC, the Amorities along with the Elamites were at the center of newly formed dynasties in southern Mesopotamia. |
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| The site where the capital of the Shang Dynasty was located. |
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| A Neolithic settlement which ended up turning up lots of old pottery. |
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| The stage of argiculturists. Advanced to this stage via the invention of pottery. |
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| The same text written in two different languages. Very useful for decipherment. |
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| Catal Huyuk (6,500-5,400 BC) |
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| Site in Anatolia discovered in 1958. It was a dense honeycomb of settlements filled with rooms whose walls were covered with paintings of wild bulls, hunters, and pregnant women. Catal Huyuk symbolizes an early transition into urban dwelling and dates to the eighth millennium BC. |
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| To bring something towards a central source. In this class is coralates to power being shifted inward towardsthe king. |
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| The final stage were people live in towns and all have different roles. Advanced to this stage via the invention of writting. |
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| The preparing and working on of crops |
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| Views society as an organism that is trying to steer itself to homeostasis using Positive and Negative feedback. |
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| To change from a higher form to a lower form. Someone beleived that this did or didn't happen in some theory. REVIEW THAT. |
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| A sign which helps to identify or classify the meaning of the word, but which is not intended to be read aloud. |
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| A site in India which was surrounded by two rivers. Had lots of water resoviors from the rivers. |
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| The act/process in which an animal or plant becomes accustomed to human provision and control. |
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| A society where everyone is equal to each other. |
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| Enivornmental circumscription |
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| The process in which the population expands to a point where if one loses in battle there is nowhere for them to go that would be habitable thusly they stay as a lower class to the victors. |
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| Site of the world's first agricultural revolution; an area in Southwest ASia, bounded by the Mediterranean SEa in the west and the Zagros Mountains in the east. |
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| A term used by Marx to refer to the factors promoting economic growth in a society. He beleived it was the most important part in a forwarding society. |
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| The state that people's role is society are redunant to each other. |
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| The process of weighting a states choices and hand to determine how they wil react to each other. |
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| The earliest public bath in the world. It existed in Mohenjo Daro. |
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| Hammurabi of Babylon (r. 1792-1750 BC) |
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| A man famous for making his progressive code of law during his rule. He believed he was a sheppard of god. |
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| One of the cities of the Indus Valley Civilization. |
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| The state of being in balence. |
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| a social order based on the intensive manipulation of water and its products in an arid setting. A high iterigation society. |
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| People from the Near East who took over Egypt. They invented the Chariot and Bronze technology. |
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| Imperial Ur Dynasty (2112-2004BC) |
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| The follow up after the Akkadian Empire. It expanded the empire, standarized it, establinshed laws and taxes, and was considered the Sumerian golden age. |
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| An underlying base or foundation especially for an organization or system. |
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| The author of the Accidental Conquer who believes that the old world conquered the new because they had better animals and plants to domesicate. |
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| Jean-Francois Champollion |
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| The decipherer of the Egyptian hieroglyphs. |
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| The oldest town on earth. It was the spring of Moses. |
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| Jomon Period (10000-300BC) |
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| Affluent Japanese hunter gatherers. They lived Sedentary and semi-sedantary lives and had the earliest pottery in the world (10,000 BC) |
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| The founder of the communist theory and his dialetical theory of history. |
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| The founder his irrigation theory in which the push for irrigation formed socieites. He was a historian of China. |
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| A city in mesoamerica which rose to promience after SAn Lorenzo. It was a small island in a swamp, and contained a large pyramid. It had the ball game that people played and still play. |
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| A semi rare stone famous for its blue color. |
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| The law code made by Hammurabi for Babylon which for its time was progressive. Still did not stop the large amount of death penalties |
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| The creator of the ethnic periods theory, in which an invention was required for each state of man to get to the next state. (Ex. fire to get to savagery) |
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| A sign for a complete word. Most scripts contain a certain percentage of logograms. In English $ and % are logograms. Chinese is made of mostly logograms. |
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| People who helped rule the city of Sipan in Peru. |
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| The idea that the ruler is supported by heaven and the gods. This is mainly used to bring legimacy to a government. |
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| Marxist stages of history |
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Definition
| 1) Tribal (primitive communism) 2) Asiatic 3) Ancient 4) Feudal 5) Bourgeois Capitalist (current) 6) Communist (future) |
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| Middle Kingdom (c. 2040 - 1640 BC) |
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Definition
| The golden ageof Egyptian literature. Developed the Delta area and conquested and traded with neighbors. Fell after ecological stress |
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| First State-Level Society in the North. Multi-Valley STate, had a feudal hierarchy |
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| A city in the Indus River valley that took 3 to 10 years to built and was all pre-planed and sudden. |
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| The process where an organism gain/changes shape. |
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| A culture in Egypt which over the span of 1000 years increased tenfold per kilometer. There are differences between pottery and wealth of the beginning and latter times. |
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| Grandson of Sargon. Was the first king to claim himself as a god rather than a worker of god. |
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| The first pharoah in Egyptian history. Made palettes and images of it. |
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| Negative feedback occurs when the output of a system acts to oppose changes to the input of the system, with the result that the changes are attenuated. |
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| New Kingdom (1550-1070 BC) |
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| The height of the egyptian civilization. It started by pushing the Hyksos out using their own inventions. It expanded to an empire. |
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| the idea that the world is progressing as the future goes on in a whole |
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| occupational specialization |
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Definition
| Everyone speicalizing in a different occupation |
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| Old Kingdom (c. 2649 - 2152 BC) |
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| The first state of Egypt, and is the age of Pyramids. The pyramids were built by stacking mastava on mastava and were a choice rather than forced labor. |
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| A southeastern coastal Mesoamerican civilization. It was a chiefdom-level or State Society. It made the foundation of later MEsoamerican cultures in art, religion and writing. |
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| Bones that were written on and used for predicting the future. The king always read the bones, and the bones were usually turtle shells. |
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| A model that dictates that societies are in competition, and that competition for resources and trade leads to greater complexity and rising states. |
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| A logogram that seems to depict a particular object as a form of mnemonic. No script is entirely pictographic. |
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| A process that is used to make peices of pottery by putting the melted material into molds and then peicing them together. |
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| Positive feedback is energy taken from the output of a system and reapplied to the input, which is phase-congruent with the input signal. |
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| The believe that all men are equal. |
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| She was the only one whose tomb in China was unlooted and survived with all her possessions. |
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| Ramses II (r. 1279-1213 BC) |
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| Greatest builder in Egyptian history. He pushed boundaries back |
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| Punning logogram in which a picture of something easy to draw is use dto represent a word which is hard to draw (but sounds the same). (Bee + leaf = belief) |
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| when resources are all located in one area. |
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| The thoerist who came up with his theory of state formation in which environmental conspriction made it so that once someone won in war the losers would be the slaves of the winners. |
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| A stone that had the same text in Heiroglyphics, Greek and Demotic. |
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| A ceremonial center that had pyramids, colossal heads, and farmed on river levees. |
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| Sargon of Akkad (2334 - 2279 BC) |
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Definition
| Built the first empire of the world, and was from a different ethnic group than Sumerian kings. |
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| The period of hunter-gatherers. Advanced to this stage via fire. |
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| Shang Dynasty (c. 1500 -1045 BC) |
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| First truly historical dynasty. Has oracle bones, brone vessels, and texts. |
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| Where people are forced into one area because of other towns surrounding it making it hard/impossible to get out |
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| The belief that those who are better fit to survive will conquer the weak. |
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| A society that has centralized political power, social classes, occupational specialization, coercive Military or Police Force, Offical REligion, Multiple levels of decision making, writing or complex record keeping, and urban centers controlling periphery. |
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| A superstructure is an upward extension of an existing structure above a baseline. |
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| A phonetic system in which the visual symbols represent each syllable of the language, usually a combination of vowels and consonants. Cuneiform, Japanese Hiragana and Linear B are examples of this. |
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| The peroid of free thought and expression of ideas. Believed in Psychic unity and the greatness of man. Progress. |
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| Tutankhamun (1333-1323 BC) |
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Definition
| Most well known for changing everything back after Akhenaten's rule. He ruined his fathers image. |
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| The first king of Imperial Ur who brought it to power and expanded it larger. |
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| Uruk Period (3600-3100 BC) |
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| First State-level societies in teh world. Only large towns existed. Earliest Writing: Prot-Cuneiform |
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| Western Zhou dynasty (c. 1045-771 BC) |
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Definition
| Delievered via Mandate of HEaven. Set up a feudal structure, and took over the Shang. |
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| Yangshao culture (5000-3000BC) |
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Definition
| Discovered in 1920, it used millet but also had some hunting and fishing. It had semi-subrterranean houses, small status differences and painted pottery. |
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