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| Ancient mesoamerican civilization. Giant head sculptures |
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| Ancient City in Mexico. 150,000 people at height. Highly advanced society. |
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| Overarching term for inhabitants of central mexico, lots of diversity |
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| Mayan practice of self injury in order to please the gods |
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| Society weakens, then ovverun by Chichimeca |
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| Civilization in Central America (Mexico) very late in ancient history. (11,000) |
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| Aztec god that guided them on their pilgrimage |
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| manmade agricultural islands, used to adapt to the swampy marshland around Tenochitlan. |
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Mexico, Texcoco, and Tlacopan.
3 powerful citystates |
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| Xochimilco, Tlatelolco, Tlaxcala |
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| other altepetl, not very fond of the Mexica. |
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| Neighborhoods in Aztec society |
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Tribes in Central + south America.
semi sedentary, language still exits |
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| Empire in South America, not really socialist |
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| famous emperor (and son) that used diplomacy and alliances to form empire (1527) |
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| Relm of Inca influence - Their universe, split into four quadrants each with own ruler |
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| quadrants split into villages |
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Genders have separate but equal spheres
Women=house Men=everything else |
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| youths servants sent to the Inca as tribute |
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| system that encorporates communal labor into the empire |
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| Creator god, Inca is descended from |
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| Incan Empress, Mama Huaco (famous) |
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| virgin concubines sent to Inca |
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| Inca at the time of Spanish arrival |
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| Overrun Rome, take over Hispana |
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| more moors, have an empire |
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| Moors were relatively tolerant, didn't insist on conversion |
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| Fernando e Isabel want to take back Spain from the Moors |
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| Creates first grammatical "Spanish" dictionary |
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| Patron Saint of the reconquest, has a pilgramage site in NW Spain |
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| Non-converted muslims who were permitted to stay in spain |
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| Jewish converts in New Spain |
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| Islamic converts; Spain eventually outlaws culture and persecutes -> leads to flight of Muslims and Jews in 1500 |
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| name for natives in the new world |
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| First settlement in New World |
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| Leads rebellion against Colombus |
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| investigates and arrests Colombus, becomes governor of Indies |
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| Another tribe in the Caribbean, believed to be Canibals |
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• Malinche/Malinalli
o Doña Marina “malinchista” “la chingada” Malintzin |
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| a Nahua woman from the Mexican Gulf Coast, who played a role in the Spanish conquest of Mexico, acting as an interpreter, advisor, lover, and intermediary for Hernán Cortés. |
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| Fransican Friar who assisted Cortes |
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| Villa Rica de la Vera Cruz |
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| Cortes's city near panama |
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| "Native's Account" of the arrival of the Spanish with the help of Bernardino de Sahagun |
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| Spaniards who were tolerated as guests in Tenochtitlan attacked and massacred the unprepared Aztecs during the celebration of Toxcatl |
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| Spanish conquistadors and native allies fought their way out of the Mexican capital at Tenochtitlan following the death of the Aztec king Moctezuma II, whom the Spaniards had been holding as a hostage. |
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| Sucessor of Moctezuma (1520) |
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| Marqués del Valle de Oaxaca |
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| a hereditary marquisal title in the Spanish nobility and a former seignorial estate in New Spain. It was granted to Hernán Cortés, conquistador who led the conquest of the Aztec Empire |
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| Governor of Panama, wants to find "Biru" a land of gold. Sends Pizarro to lead mission |
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| wanted to connect with indigenous in Tierra Firma (south america) |
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| Enterprise that funds Peru mission |
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Huayna Capac
Atahuallpa/Huascar |
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| Civil War between sons of the Inca |
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| pueblo where Atahuallpa was captured by Pizarro |
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| Wife of Pizarro, Incan Princess |
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| other brother of Atahuallpa and Huascar |
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| New Inca fortress, last holdout of the empire |
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| Try to limit power of Encomenderos |
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| Leads revolt against Viceroy of Peru, takes control, executes people |
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| Amerigo Vespucci, Martin Waldseemuller, Gerardus Mercator |
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| Captured by Caribs and then escapes. Writes about his experiences with the "cannibals" |
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| Created woodcuts and images of Spanish arrivals |
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| Francisco López de Gómara |
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wrote biography of Cortes
-Historia General de las Indias (1552) |
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| writes Historia General y Natural de las Indias (1535). Acknowledges spanish greed but indigenous still worthless cannibals |
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| not technologically advanced but socially advanced |
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| Epic poem about a tribe of natives who were supercivilized like Greeks. Created by Alonso de Ercilla |
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| another author, against spanish but indians are not human or moral. |
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| "Utopia" - great pagan society |
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| "On Cannibals" - problems were created by Spaniards |
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| The first codified set of laws governing the behavior of Spaniards in the Americas, also supported indigenous conversion |
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| Spanish Historian, wrote about the destruction of the Indies, Indian rights activists |
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| Opposing view of Las Casas. Believes Indians are barbarous. |
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| an illustrated codex written by and under the supervision of Diego Muñoz Camargo in the years leading up to 1585, highlights the religious, cultural, and military history of the Tlaxcaltec people. |
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| "El Inca" a mestico who wrote Comentarios reales, from both native and spanish perspecitves |
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| New World, divides into two viceroyalties |
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| smaller sections of Viceroyalties |
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| administrative body of audiencia |
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| A friar who "converted" 1500 indians in 1 day |
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| A catholic cathedral built on top of an Incan temple. |
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| Earth Goddess, (Indians compare to Virgin Mary) = Virgin of Guadalupe |
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| Apaches and Comanches drive out Spanish jesuits for a few decades. |
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| light skinned african slaves used as concubines |
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| Black conquistador, earned status despite being a former slave |
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| held many jobs as artists, native overseerers, and artisans. Useful in recreating Iberian society |
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| renagade communities of escaped slaves |
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| Fighting dance, used to rebel and train |
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| almost sucessful rebellion, communicated through arabic |
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| TReaty of Tordesillas (1494) |
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| line of possession in South America between Portuguese and Spanish |
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| accidently discovers Brazil |
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| splits Brazil into regions |
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| export crop, not very sucessful |
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| mixed race population that travel around countryside |
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| white farmers that aren't rich |
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| mix of European gods and traditional african religion |
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| Fritters, example of african culinary influence |
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| exiles or convicts that were exported as colonists to Brazil |
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