Term
|
Definition
French Aristocrat, author of Democracy in America (1832)
*America was primarily a democracy, the ideal democracy, fraught with lessons for Europe. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Englishman, author of, The American Common Wealth (1888) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| (1877) President, signified the end of sectional strife. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Status Quo Politics - Nothing significant happened. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Government that governs least governs best |
|
|
Term
| Presidents from 1877-1881 |
|
Definition
Rutherford B. Hayes (R) 1877-1881 (Ohio Gov. 3-terms)
James A. Garfield (R) 1881 (congressman)
Chester A. Arthur (R) 1881 - 1885 (Head of NY Customs House)
Grover Cleveland (D) 1885-1889 (Mayor of Buffalo NY)
Benjamin Harrison (R) 1889-1893 |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Government appointees given rewards for their participation in a successful election |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Assonated Garfield for his attempt to reform the spoils system. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Established a Civil Service Commission to fill all government positions, by way of examination. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Was established to fill federal jobs by examination. |
|
|
Term
| Executive Branch Staffing |
|
Definition
| Staff included 1/2 dozen assistance, doorkeepers, and messengers |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| 100,000 Federal Employees in 1880 (56% were postal workers) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Funds that came from customs duties, excise taxes on liquor and tobacco. These funds produced more money than the government could spend. The issue of 1880 became, how to reduce the surplus. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Capitol hill handled matters of national security. These presidents took a modest view of their powers evoking presidential latitude encompassing only executive in nature. (Cleveland) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Because of Rutherford's lenient policy toward the south lead Conklin to take over the policy which lead to Conklin's party faction, the Stalwarts. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| James G. Blaine created the half-breed faction in response to Conklins faction, the Stalwarts |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Haynes successor, challenged Conklin over the New York customs house patronage perogatives of congressional barons. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Criticized the "congressional government"
democrats favored states rights
republicans (heirs of the Whigs) favored governmental economic development. |
|
|
Term
| Early Party Divisions Included |
|
Definition
Although both parties were individually united, divisions prevailed within each party on issues such as:
*civil service reform
*currency
*regulation of railroads
Both parties fought about tariffs:
*Republicans favored: high duties protected American industry from foreign goods and brought revenue to the country.
*Democrats favored free trade |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Raised tariff rates to a record 49.5% and even higher rates to those countries who retaliated against the tariff. This tariff became the thorn in the side of the Republicans in 1892. |
|
|
Term
| Civil War Persistent Issues |
|
Definition
*Pension for disabled veterans
*Republicans felt it a matter of honor and favored pension
*Democrats opposed pension citing it fraud ridden and extravagant. |
|
|
Term
| All About Grover Cleveland |
|
Definition
*Cleveland was first Democratic president since 1850's; which hardened Republicans Civil War Legacy.
*Cleveland vetoed the small appropriation for drought-stricken Texas farmers.
*1884 Election Cleveland was a reformer. Cleveland fought and won over corrupt NW State machine politics.
*Father of illegitimate child
*Cleveland was quoted as saying "thought the people support the government, the government should not support the people.
*Cleveland thought that as a whole, government activity was considered a bad thing. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Which party backed away from fulfilling their pledge for providing federal funding to combat black literacy of voter protections. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Opponent of Cleveland's favored republican clergy chants, "rum, Romanism and rebellion" which insulted the Catholic voters and that chant aided his loss. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The less government interference, the better. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Edward Atkinson, a cotton manufacturer, talked to Rhode Island Textile workers and quelched their discontent.
*he fostered the idea that any man, could rise as fares as their talent could take him - consistent with idealism. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Who was a penniless Scottish child rose from bobbin boy to steel magnet - a self-made man - wrote Triumphant Democracy |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Who was the British naturalist that provided "on the orgin of species (1859) which advanced the concept of natural selection."
*Darwin disapproved of the word evolution because it implied upward progression. He believed that natural selection was blind not intelligently designed. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A British philosopher, spun elaborate analyses of human societies advancement through completion, survival of the fittest." Spencer's ideas became known as Social Darwinism. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
A sociology professor at Yale - Championed social Darwinism in America
*"competition can no more be done away with than gravitation"
*Asked who are the fittest? Answer…the millionaires
*the great stream of time and earthly things will sweep on just the same in spite of us.
*"In an 1894 Essay, "the absurd attempt to make the world over" |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| denounced any interference with social processes. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Powers not delegated by the Constitution to the federal government left the states with authority over social welfare and economic regulations. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The New York State of Appeals struck down a law prohibiting cigar manufacturing in tenements on the grounds that such regulation exceeded the police power of the state. |
|
|
Term
| Fourteenth Amendment (1868) |
|
Definition
| The reconstruction amendment that prohibited the states from depriving "any person of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law." It became the turn of the century's powerful restraining on the power of the states to regulate private business. |
|
|
Term
| Supreme Court Ruling of 1895 |
|
Definition
| The court ruled that the federal power to regulate interstate commerce did not cover manufacturing and struck down a federal income tax law. And in areas where federal power was undeniable - such as the regulation of railroads - the Supreme Court scrutinized every measure for undue interference with the rights of property. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A lawyer, made no bones about the dangers he saw in the nation's headlong industrial development. He is quoted as saying, "as the inequalities in the conditions of men become more and more marked and angry menaces against order find vent in loud denunciations - it becomes more and more the imperative duty of the court to enforce with a firm hand every guarantee of the Constitution. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| In the 1870's the symbol of the democratic donkey and republican elephant were party paraphernalia shown on items such as handkerchiefs, mugs, posters, and buttons. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Symbols that were adopted in the 1888 campaigns were pictures of candidates on trading cards tucked into packets of Honest Long Cut tobacco. Before movies and radio, politics ranked as one of the great American forms of entertainment. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| An urban reformer, said the Republican Party was "a synonym for patriotism, and other name for the nation. It was inconceivable that any self-respecting person should be a Democrat" or among Ex-Confederates, that any self-respecting person could be a Republican. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Loyalties that were based on religion and ethnicity.
Democrats tended to be foreign-born and Catholic
Republicans tended to be native-born and Protestant. Protestants believed the more pietistic a person's faith - that is, the more personal and direct the believer's relationship to God - the more likely he or she was to be a Republican and to favor using the powers of the state to uphold moral values and regulate personal behavior. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Laws were the result of regulation of public morals, which restricted activity on Sundays. |
|
|
Term
| Rum, Romanism, and Rebellion |
|
Definition
| Rum, Romanism, and Rebellion was the campaign in 1884 |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Parties were run by unofficial internal organizations which consisted of insiders willing to do party work in exchange for public jobs or the sundry advantages of being connected. Most evident in city government. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
A derisive bit of contemporary slang, supposedly of Indian origin, referring to pompous or self-important persons.
*Mugwumps supported (D) Grover Cleveland giving him he winning margin in NY, State.
*Mugwumps were more adept at molding public opinion than running government.
*Mugwumps defined the terms of political debate, denying the machine system legitimacy and injecting an elitist bias into political opinion.
*Mugwumps were for laizze-faire |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A means of limiting voting rights to immigrants. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| 1890 import from Australia whereby citizens cast their ballots in voting booths, free from party surveillance. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Men and women had different natures, and women's nature fitted them for "a higher and more spiritual realm" |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Started in Hillsboro Ohio in prayer meetings in front of the towns saloons, appealing to owners to close their doors and end the misery of families of hard drinking fathers. |
|
|
Term
| WCTU - Women's Christian Temperance Union |
|
Definition
| Under the guidance of Frances Willard this Union blossomed into the leading women's organization in the country. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Quoted saying that women "clamored for the rights" was the wrong approach. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Was designed to an ever-widening array of issues, to include labor conditions, prostitution, public health, international peace. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The party who was against alcohol, Frances Willard had gotten the support of this party in 1880 |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Frances Willard's Motto "Home Protection". |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| 1877 was the end of Reconstruction |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Railroad that became the first railroad to demand that blacks be excluded from first-class cars. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A means of intimidating black voters during political campaigns. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A systems that performs competing economic and social interest to be heard. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The Party consisting of tenant farmers joined farmer's alliance to create the new party |
|
|
Term
| The Colored Farmers Alliance |
|
Definition
| Black farmers political structure. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A proponent of interracial unity, a populist. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A Mississippi populist who argued for the Mississippi Literacy Test. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Jim Crow Laws were segregation laws that applied to every public facility. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| U.S. Supreme court ruled that segregation was not discriminatory. Separate but equal. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The White Man's Union or White Man's Party of 1899 where Democrats and prominent citizens formed the secret Union, where blacks were forcibly prevented from voting in town elections that year. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| An African American woman thrown off a train for refusing to leave her set in a white only area. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The organization the farmers created to prevent social isolation and provide economic services. |
|
|
Term
| Farmers Alliance of the Northwest |
|
Definition
| An alliance of the Midwestern States. |
|
|
Term
| National (or southern) Farmers Alliance |
|
Definition
| An Alliance that stood against encroachments of monopolies and the growing corruption of wealth and power. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A huge cooperative that marketed the crops of cotton farmers and provided them with cheap loans. It failed in 1891 when cotton prices fell. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Underwritten by the government, it provided public warehouses for farmers to store their crops; the farmers borrowed against any unsold crops, until the crops could be sold. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| She becam famous for the newspaper's saying she used profanity by calling on farmers to raise less corn and more hell. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A populist governor of Kansas |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
*Railroad nationalization
*Land protection - including natural resources
* Protection from monopoly & foreign Ownership.
*Graduated Income Tax
*Free and unlimited coinage of silver (free silver would increase the money supply thus increasing farm prices). |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Called free coinage the "Cow Bird Reform" stealing and taking over nests that others had built. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Gold and silver held by the U.S. Treasury |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A medium of exchange that was officially dropped |
|
|
Term
| Bland-Allison Act of 1878 |
|
Definition
| Required the U.S. Treasury to purchase and coin between 2 million and 4million worth of silver each month. |
|
|
Term
| Sherman Silver Purchase Act |
|
Definition
| An additional 4.5 million ounces of silver bullion was purchased to serve as the basis for new issues of U.S. Treasury notes. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| He was arrested for trespassing on Capitol Hill. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| He arranged Gold purchases needed to replenish the Treasury's depleted reserves. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| He was a 36-yr old Nebraska Congressman who served two terms. By the age of 36 he became the Democratic Parties Presidential Nomination. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| His motto "Live and let live". |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| He was quoted to "stand pat and continue Republican prosperity." |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| He was Cleveland's Attorney General who sought to regulate labor relations on railroads to abate strikes. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A strike of the Pullman, Illinois model factory where owner, George Pullman, company owner and landlord to Pullman workers, as a result of the economic depression in 1893 cut wages but did not reduce rents. This resulted in the strike that would only be a footnote in American history. |
|
|
Term
| Erdman Railway Mediation Act of 1898 |
|
Definition
| Was the Act Olney brought to Congress which was an act to regulate labor relations on railroads. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A period of years from 1900 to World War I |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A wide spread effort after 1900 to build a better society. This effort included many sides but the center was the urban middle class. |
|
|
Term
| Jane Adams and Ellen Gates Starr |
|
Definition
| They established the Hull House on Chicago's west side. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The model for scores of settlement houses that sprang up in the ghettos of the nations cities. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The head of University of Chicago Settlement, who installed bathhouses, a children's playground, and a citizenship school for immigrants. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Made visiting nurses a major service. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A response to the needs of slum dwellers. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| These people characteristically grew up in homes imbued with Christian piety, then found themselves incapable of sustaining the faith of their parents and many settled on careers in social work, education or politics. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the theological doctrine the Protestant clergy translated as the plight of the poor. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A Baptism cleric forging his ministry in the hell's Kitchen section of New York. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A ghetto area of New York. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A new intellectual style. If the facts are known, everything else was possible; scientific investigation, federal statistical studies of immigration; child labor, economic practices; social research of industrial conditions; prostitution, gambling, moral ills of urban society. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The founder of the approach of the scientific analysis of human activity. He offered solutions to waste and inefficiency in municipal government, schools, hospitals, and at home. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Wrote, "America no longer teaches democracy to an expectant world but herself goest to school in Europe and Australia." |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| An advocate of a philosophy he called pragmatism. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Judged ideas by their consequences |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The Supreme Court Case that struck down a state law limiting the hours of bakers in 1905. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A philosophy that the life of law has not been logic; it has been experience. Justice Oliver wendall Holmes |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A Jewish immigrant from Austria-Hungary known as the people's lawyer coined the phrase "scientific management". |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A journalist exposing the underside of American life. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The founder of the new York consumers League in 1890. Her goal was to improve the wages and working conditions of female clerks in the cities stores by issuing a "white list" of cooperating shops. |
|
|
Term
| National Consumer's League |
|
Definition
| A protective advocate for women's legislation. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| An early resident of Hull House, then Chief Factory Inspector of Illinois; investigating sweat trades. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Upheld Oregon Law limiting the workday for women to 10-hours. |
|
|
Term
| National Women's Trade Union |
|
Definition
| Consisted of New York reformers who founded this Union which was financed by wealthy supporters. The Leagues organized women workers, played a considerable role in strikes, and trained working class leaders. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| An organizer for the garmet district. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| An organizer/leader for the glove workers in Illinois. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A Quaker from Britain who used British suffragists tactics in the American struggle. She advocated a constitutional Amendment that in one stroke would grant women everywhere the right to vote. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Was founded by Alice Paul. |
|
|
Term
| National American women Suffrage Association (NAWSA) |
|
Definition
| Was rejuvenated by Carrie Chapman Catt in 1915. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A term the younger college-educated, self-supporting women became known as. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Meant freedom for full personal development and feminists considered themselves just as good as men. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| In 1914 he put forth a women's minimum wage bill as Governor of Maryland; it was rejected by women because it implied that women needed special care, protection and privilege. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| (R) California governor in 1910 was a reform candidate for the states middleclass. He pledged to purify southern Pacific's railroad from dominating economic power in the state. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Was driven by the plight of the economically downtrodden and immigrants. |
|
|
Term
| Triangle Shirtwaist Company |
|
Definition
| The location where a fire broke out and trapped workers, mostly young immigrant women. Most of the women leapt to their death; the rest never reached the windows. 146 died in the fire, the average age of a woman who died was 19-years old. |
|
|
Term
| New York State Factory Commission |
|
Definition
| Was developed labor reform including 56 laws dealing with fire hazards, unsafe machines, industrial homework and wages and hours for women and children. |
|
|
Term
| Robert F. Wagner and Alfred E. Smith |
|
Definition
| The Chairman and Vice-Chairman of the New York State Factory Commission. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A word used for corruption. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| An urban political machine in new York dependant upon grassroots constituency. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Mayor of Toledo Ohio who attacked city hall corruption and provided better schools, cleaner streets, and more social services for Toledo's needy. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The first socialist congressman. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The protestant church in action-formidable advocate for prohibition in many states, attaching Demon Rum to other reform targets; the saloon made for dirty politics, poverty, and bad labor conditions. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The agenda to restrict immigration of Southern and Eastern Europeans into the United states. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| He denounced "the pigsty mode of life" of Italian and polish immigrants. |
|
|
Term
| Immigration Restriction League |
|
Definition
| Spearheaded a campaign to end America's open-door policy to immigrants; similar to prohibition, immigration restriction was a proponent of progressive reform. |
|
|
Term
| American Federation of Labor |
|
Definition
| Was an institution that stood for the working people opposed State interference in Labor's Affairs. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Workers should not seek from government what they could accomplish by their own economic power and self-help. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Joined the battle for progressive legislation and became the strongest advocate for worker's compensation for industrial accident's. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| After he was offered a bribe, he became a political reformer, attempting to restore America's democratic ideals. He was the first 25yr old Governor of Wisconsin. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Where nominations decided by popular voter rather than by party. Albert B. Cummins of Iowa, William S. U'Ron of Oregon, and Hiram Johnson of California used the Direct Primary |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| This enabled citizens to have issues placed on the ballot. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Allowed the removal of officeholders who had lost public confidence. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A professor at Columbia University who pronounced the 15th Amendment as a "monstrous thing" for granting blacks the vote after the Civil War. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| He applauded Southern disenfranchising laws as necessary to "prevent entirely the possibility of domination by …and ignorant electorate." |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| He favored segregation of Civil Service workers. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| He was a black leader of the day, who gave a famous Atlanta speech. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The Atlanta Compromise was Booker T's stand. It was accommodations, avoided a direct assault on white supremacy. Booker T. lobbied against Jim Crow laws and disenfranchisement. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| W.E.B. DuBois was a Harvard educated African American sociologist who wrote a collection of essays entitled, "the Souls of Black Folk" 1903. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Espoused principles affirming rights of African Americans and encouraged black pride; uncompromising full political and civil equality and denial that blacks are inferior. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| She was changed by the Springfield race riot, became a member of the prominent fight against racism. |
|
|
Term
| National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) |
|
Definition
| Formed by white people who advocated for black advancement, consisted of members from the Niagara Movement. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A NAACP's journal DuBois was the editor. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| United agencies serving blacks and migrants, took the lead on social welfare. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A New York Principal who was the Urban Leagues architect. |
|
|
Term
| National Association of Colored Women's Clubs |
|
Definition
| Where black women became the alternate voice of the black conscience. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A Spanish American war hero, and 1898 Governor of New York; pushed through civil service reform, and tax on corporations. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| McKinley's running mate and 8 days after McKinnley was shot by Leon F. Czolgosz, became president. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Mergers to eliminate competition. |
|
|
Term
| Sherman Antitrust Act of 1890 |
|
Definition
| Under common law anyone could sue if a monopoly or illegal restraining of trade injurious offenses involving interstate commerce. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| This was created by Roosevelt and was empowered to investigate business practices and bolster the justice departments capacity to mount antitrust suits. |
|
|
Term
| Northern Securities company |
|
Definition
| A combined system of Northwest Railroads the Supreme Court ordered to be dissolved in 1904. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Roosevelt's crusade on large corporations such as Standard Oil, DuPont, American tobacco. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The Supreme Court abandoned the discretionary "rule of reason" holding now that actions that restrained or monopolized trade, regardless of public impact, automatically violated the Sherman Act. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Prohibited discriminatory railway rates unfairly favoring preferred or powerful customers. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Empowered the Interstate Commerce Commission (ICC) to set maximum shipping rates and prescribe uniform methods of bookkeeping. |
|
|
Term
| Public Lands Commission (1903) |
|
Definition
| Stated, "public ownership' the primacy of federal authority over the public domain for purposes of efficient management. |
|
|
Term
| Newland Reclamation Act (1902) |
|
Definition
| Authorized irrigation projects for reclaiming and settling arid western lands. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The head of the Forest Service. |
|
|
Term
| Pure food and Drug and Meat Inspection Act |
|
Definition
| A new agency to investigate stockyards and meatpacking plants that were described to have rotten meat and filthy conditions. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
*A label that had become a hallmark of American politics in the twentieth century, emblematic of a political style that dramatized issues, mobilized public opinion, and asserted presidential leadership.
*when companies abused their powers, the government would intercede to assure ordinary Americans a "Square Deal". |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| William Taft's 1908 presidential opponent. |
|
|
Term
| Payne-Aldrich Tariff Act of 1909 |
|
Definition
| A shelter for eastern industry from foreign competition. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The dissident faction of the Republican Party after Taft's defection. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| An argument Roosevelt made between human welfare versus property rights. In modern society, property had to be controlled "to what ever degree the public welfare may require it." The government would become "the steward of the public welfare." |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A Progressive Party created by Roosevelt as a result of the Republican Convention nomination of Taft as the Republican candidate for the 1912 presidential run. Roosevelt's crusade was a campaign to bring New Nationalism to the people. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| New Jersey political scientist, university president, had brought Princeton into the front rank of American Universities; in 1910, with no political experience, accepted the Democratic Nomination for New Jersey's Governorship, and won. He also won the 1912 Democratic Presidential Nomination. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A new program that was in reaction to Roosevelt's New Nationalism (which represented a future of collectivism) New Freedom - would preserve political and economic liberty. |
|
|
Term
| Underwood Tariff Act of 1913 |
|
Definition
| Pared rates down to 25 percent, targeted the trust-dominated industries to spur competition and reduce prices for consumers. |
|
|
Term
| Knickerbockers Trust Company |
|
Definition
| When the Knickerbockers Trust Company failed a panic swept the nation's financial market; which spawned the Federal Reserve Act of 1913. |
|
|
Term
| Federal Reserve Act of 1913 |
|
Definition
| This act gave the nation a banking system that was resistant to financial panic. |
|
|
Term
| The Federal Reserve Board |
|
Definition
*They imposed public regulation on this regional structure of twelve district reserve banks that were funded and controlled by their member banks.
*They were also authorized to issue currency - federal reserve notes based on assets within the system, thus resolving the paralyzing cash shortages experienced during the runs on the banks.
*Also, the Federal Reserve Board was given authority to set the discount rate (the interest rate) charged by the district reserve banks to the member banks and thereby the flow of credit to the general public. |
|
|
Term
| Clayton Antitrust Act of 1914 |
|
Definition
| Amending the Sherman Act, the definition of illegal practices was left flexible, subject to the test of whether an action "substantially" lessen[ed] competition or tend[ed] to create a monopoly." |
|
|
Term
| Federal Trade Commission of 1914 |
|
Definition
| Received broad powers to investigate companies and issue "cease and desist" orders against unfair trade practices that violated antitrust laws. |
|
|
Term
| U. S. Commission on Industrial Relations |
|
Definition
| Created to explain why America supposed to become the land of promise, has become the land of disappointment and deep-seated discontent. |
|
|
