Term
|
Definition
| belief that to be truly American you had to be: white, AngloSaxon, Protestant |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A. Mitchell Palmer, bombing by Communists, thought immigrants were causing troubles, May 1st, 1920. Commintern- organization. Purpose: spread Communism. Palmer Raids- New Year's Day- arrested 6,000 people, found 3 pistols of Anarchists- put end to Red Scare |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| 1920, 1927, 2 Italian Anarchists accused of a payroll robbery and murder, found guilty because of race, executed in 1927 |
|
|
Term
| Emergency Immigration Act |
|
Definition
| 1921, reduced number of immigrants to 3% of each ethnic group's population in U.S. in 1910 census/year, reduced immigration from 800,000 to 400,000 |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| 1924, excluded Asians completely, 2% of each ethnic group's population in U.S. in 1890 census, down to 150,000 |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| 1915, Nativist movie, during Civil War period, clan- heroic white Southerners protects white from blacks |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| organized the Ku Klux Klan as a National organization, spread across the country, became involved in politics, by mid 1920s- 4 states were involved: Oklahoma, Texas, Indiana and Oregon, scandals: monetary, sexual, lynching, peak in 1924, declines in 1930s |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| prohibits sale and manufacture and transportation of alcohol, 1920, begins age of Prohibition |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| universal women's suffrage, allowed women to vote, 1920 |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| repeals the 18th amendment, Prohibition, 1933 |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| movement of Blacks from the South to the North, Why? Civil War: slavery abolished, WWI- more factory workers needed, made good money |
|
|
Term
| Marcus Garvey and Black Nationalism |
|
Definition
| created idea of Black Nationalism- proud to be Black, revere black culture, Blacks to Africa movement, failed, Black Star Line- ships to Africa, failed because no one wanted to leave America, deported to Jamaica |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| elected President in 1920, friendly, brought Ohio gang with him to help him, they took advantage of him, died from food poisoning in 1923 |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| naval oil reserve in Wyoming, Albert Fall, Sec of Interior approached by businessman, he leased out oil for "gifts and loans", went to jail because he gave into bribes |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Warren G. Harding's friends who helped him in office, gave advice, took advantage of Harding, became corrupt |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Al Smith (D) vs. Herbert Hoover (R.) Herbert Hoover won election b/c of economic prosperity; Al Smith won majority of votes in 12 largest cities |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Democratic, ELection of 1928, modern, urban, gov of NY, NYC, new immigrant son of Irish immigrants, Roman Catholic, Opposed Prohibition (wet), worked his way up to Tammany Hall, City Boss System- won majority of votes in 12 largest cities (future of Democratic Party) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Republican, represents homestyle of America, Sec of Commerce under Harding and Coolidge, orphan, worked his way through Stanford University (mining engineer), Protestant (Quaker) favored Prohibition (dry), Old Stock American, born in a log cabin, wins election |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| created the Bureau of Budget, government ran on a budget, tax cuts |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| cut taxes for wealthy people; 20% tax cut, problem: failed, rich got richer |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| created the Trickle down theory |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| series of hydroelectric dams in Alabama, built by government, Henry Ford wanted to buy it, return to Free Enterprise |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| policy of planning/designing products with a limited useful life so they become obsolete |
|
|
Term
| Commercial vs. investment banking |
|
Definition
| commercial: less risky, can take deposits, investment: risky, does not take deposits |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| money Germany owed for WWII |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| associated with increasing investor confidence, begins before economy recovers |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| affected farmers during Great Depression |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| shantytowns during Hoover's presidency called Hoovervilles after President Hoover b/c of the depression |
|
|
Term
| Agricultural Marketing Act |
|
Definition
| HOover, sent bureau to help farmers maintain money, failed |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Hoover, protective increase on 75 agricultural products, failed |
|
|
Term
| Reconstruction Finance Corporation |
|
Definition
| provide loans to troubled businesses, $1.5 billion budget- public works programs, problems with RFC, only made loans to institutions with sufficient collateral, businesses who needed loans did not have collateral, only supplies loans |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| 1924, Congress approved payment of a Bonus to all veterans, 1932, 20,000 veterans demanded an early payment |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| FDR vs. Hoover, FDR (Democrat), New Deal, won |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| first 100 days of FDR's Presidency in which he did everything |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| if banks are not stable, economy is not stable, established a 4 day bank holiday, during which government auditors looked at banks' books the sound banks were reopened, shaky banks given loans, unsound banks were closed |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| established the FDIC- Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation- guaranteed bank deposits |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| guaranteed bank deposits, $2500 separated commercial and investment banks, investor can decide level of investment, risk, etc |
|
|
Term
| Civilian Conservation Corps |
|
Definition
| 2 targets, 18-25 year old single men/or WWI veterans you could join the C.C.C. Reforestation, fought forest fires, entrances to National Parks, cabins for vacations, restock streams, irrigation. $30/month + room, board and clothing, only got $5, rest went to family. Education programs- voluntary, providing 500,000 jobs |
|
|
Term
| Federal Emergency Relief Administration |
|
Definition
| providing families without veterans or 18-25 year old male, state driven, $500 million budget. 1st 2 hours- distributed. $5 million |
|
|
Term
| Civil Works Administration |
|
Definition
| emergency administration set up to get people through winter of 1933, direct relief $1 billion budget, state-run, created some jobs- busy work |
|
|
Term
| National Recovery Administration |
|
Definition
| aimed at helping businesses, set up a blanket code for all businesses to follow: minimum wage, set maximum hours, outlawed child labor, created more jobs, created a symbol: NRA eagle, "we do our part" helps economy, declared unconstitutional in 1935 |
|
|
Term
| Agricultural Adjustment Act |
|
Definition
| aimed at helping farmers, how much are we producing? How much to sell. FDR paid people to get rid of unplanted land; farmers had to destroy 1/2 crop. 1933-1936- farming income 30% |
|
|
Term
| Public Works Administration |
|
Definition
| >$25,000, provided work relief on useful projects to stimulate the economy through public expenditures, Harold Ickes, 1933-1939- schools, hospitals, courthouses, dams and bridges |
|
|
Term
| Works Progress Administration |
|
Definition
| <$25,000, under Hopkins, unemployed writers, musicians, actors |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Townsend plan, Californian physician who proposed to aid the elderly, government pension to every American over 60. Recipient retired from work and spent entire pension. Promised to extend relief for elderly, open jobs for unemployed and stimulate economic recovery |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The Radio Priest, Detroid suburb of Royal Oak, radio broadcasts, mixed religion with Anti-Semitism and demands for social justice and financial reform. "Christ's Deal", National Union for Social Justice, lower middle class, heavy Catholic, urban ethnic groups |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| "Kingfish" senator of Louisiana, modernized State with taxation and educational reforms and an extensive public works program |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| 1934, plan to end poverty: confiscatory taxes on the rich to provide every family with decent income, health coverage, old-age pensions |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| increased taxes for wealthy people |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Elderly, umemployed, disabled |
|
|
Term
| Wagner Act (National Labor Relations Act) |
|
Definition
| "Labor's Magna Carta", guaranteed workers right to organize unions and prohibit employers from adopting unfair labor practices, set up the National Labor Relations Board (NLRB) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| protected homeowners from mortgage foreclosure by refinancing home loans |
|
|
Term
| Farm Credit Administration |
|
Definition
| expanded agricultural credits and established the FCA |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| loan with scheduled payments |
|
|
Term
| Tennessee Valley Authority |
|
Definition
| Federal regional planning agency established to promote conservation, produce electric power, and encourage economic development in seven southern states |
|
|
Term
| Rural Electrification Administration |
|
Definition
| 1935, REA revolutionized farm life by sponsoring rural non-profit electric cooperatives. By 1941, 35% of American farms had electricity by 1950, 78% |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| 9 justices, 3 sympathetic, 2 unpredictable, 4 opposed |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Eleanor Roosevelt, shift in party alliance |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| secretary of labor, first female cabinet member |
|
|
Term
| Washington Conference (1921) |
|
Definition
| 5 Power Pact, 553 ratio, 1.75-1.75, Nine Power Pact, Four Power Pact |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| # of countries involved, U.S., Britain, Japan, France, Italy, naval powers |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Reaffirms Open-door policy, everyone be treated equally, everyone must pay their travels, etc, in China |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| U.S., Britain, Japan, France, respect each others pacific properties and cooperate to prevent war |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| 1928- between U.S. and France, Kellogg- Secretary of State, Briand- French Foreign Minister- background- wars a part of diplomacy, every country signed it, cannot go to war with any other country except in self-defense, did not work |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| 1930- Herbert Hoover proposed it, repudiated the Roosevelt Corollary, U.S. cannot intervene in Latin-American Property except to protect American lives and property |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| 1933- be good neighbor, will help them if they request/ask for it, Roosevelt |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| talked about Roman Empire- increase wheat production, took over government, people who don't support him sent to prison, beaten, exiled/killed |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| 1917, Communist country, Bolshevik revolution, massive purge of generals, alllies with Germany and Japan |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Germany animosity toward Treaty of Versailles, which said Germany had to pay for war- WWI no allied troops anywhere in Germany, did not lose war, superiority of Aryan race, Germany is small, needs to expand, dictatorship |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Manchuria, province in China, late 1920s, military coup, took our government, military invasion over Manchuria |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| U.S. became isolated from dictator countries in Europe |
|
|
Term
| All Quiet on the Western Front |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| set up to investigate conspiracy theories, that got us involved in war, merchants of death, looked at munitions manufacturing profits, laid out idea that they could have been behind it, did not prove/disprove conspiracy, make sure we did not get sucked into next war |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| 1935- established mandatory arms embargo against belligerent nations 1936- ban on loans to belligerents 1937-cash and carry policy |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| product does not leave our stores until you pay for it, Neutrality ACt 1937 |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Roosevelt, Invasion of China by Japan into Manchuria, aggressor nations should be quarantined to keep war form spreading |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| American gun boat sailed to China, showed American flag, protect from Japanese invasion, Japanese plane flew over Chinese River and blows it up during Invasion of manchuria by Japan |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| province of China that was invaded by Japan, military invasion |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| 1935-6, not colonized, so Italy invaded Ethiopia in 1935, League of Nations looked down upon this, so Italy drops out of LON |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| 1936, demilitarized zone where Germany had no military presence there, said by Treaty of Versailles, Hitler occupied it by sending his army there |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| 1938- Germany annexed Austria, large German pop there, reunify Germany people in other countries |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| belonged to Czechs, Germany wanted to annex the area b/c large German pop there |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| 1938, led by England and France with Germany, sat down with Hitler to discuss Sudetenland, listened to Hitler and let him have the land b/c he promised this would be the last thing that would satisfy him. Failure of appeasement couple of months later he took the rest of Czech, taught U.S. that appeasement does not work |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| when England and France agreed that Hitler could have Sudetenland if he did not conquer anything else, but this failed |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| 1939, Poland split country, Germany threats Poland. England says we will go to war with Germany if they take Poland |
|
|
Term
| Mutual Non-Aggression Pact |
|
Definition
| not go to war under any circumstances with Soviet Union, so they can invade Poland now, official beginning of WWII |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Germany's "Lightning War", Germany invades and conquers: Denmark, Norway, NEtherlands, Belgium, France in all 2 months and set planes first to bomb telephone wires/roads to block communication b/w Allied Powers, Europe 1940 |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Isolationists- created 'Fortress America"- we are invincible- we are the U.S.A |
|
|
Term
| Committee to Defend America by Aiding the Allies |
|
Definition
| Interventionists, keep America safe, do everything in our power short of military, keep Britain strong |
|
|
Term
| Fight for Freedom Committee |
|
Definition
| supported direct intervention of the war |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| attempt by Germans to bomb Britain into submission, unsuccessful, Britain held on, strengthens interventionists, Hitler's ruthlessness |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| FDR explained it in a fire-side chat. England has a problem and we are their neighbor- house is on fire, we should help them, lent them military weapons |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| torpedo shot at Greer by German submarines, policy changed to shoot German submarines at Germany- undeclared impersonal naval war |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| agreement made in 1941 by FDR and Churchill- peaceful post World War. FDR called for complete utter destruction of Nazi Germany |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Japanese conquered Manchuria, China, U.S. wanted to end this. stop invasion or we will cut off supply of oil and steel. Japan looks for new sources in Indies. U.S. could send fleet to Philippines, Japanese wanted to eradicate U.S. army so they could invade Philippines so they attacked Pearl Harbor |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Japanese fighter planes, the best |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| plan of Japanese to attack Pearl Harbor, Kurile Islands |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Nov 27, 1941, Pearl Harbor received the message that war was likely to occur at any time, probably in Philippines |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| 1940, U.S. Army used these machines to decode Japanese mail |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| ship traveled Pacific picked up Japanese transmissions, held transcripts, conspiracy |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| April 1942- 1st military activity against Japanese, launched bombs on Japan, landed in China- B25 bombers, moral victory for U.S. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| May 1942- big naval battle U.S. vs. Japanese forces, |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| June 1942, next island by Hawaii, key battle, Americans won vs. Japanese |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| 1942-3, Eisenhower led British and American troops to French Morocco and Algeria, territories Germany left under French government |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| 1943-4- U.S. Army chief of staff George Marshall and President Roosevelt invaded Italy in 1943, so U.S. troops could participate in ground fighting in Europe. Allied forces took over Sicily, Italian king forced Mussolini out of power |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| June 6, 1944- American, british, and Canadian forces landed in Normandy in NW France, Operation OVERLORD- Germans lost 250,000 troops |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| NW France where American, British and Canadian troops landed on D Day June 6, 1944 |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| led British and American troops to French Morocco for North African Campaign |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Dec 44- Jan 45- Hitler attacked U.S. troops in Belgium on Dec. 16, 1944. Wanted to Split U.S. and British forces. germans drove a 50 mile bulge into U.S., got stopped by low gas and snow |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| May 8, 1945, nazi state collapsed |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Japanese island that U.S. captured in fierce fighting |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| strong defense, 42% of Japan's industrial capacity was destroyed |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| suicide Japanese pilots- U.S. warships |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| J. Robert Oppenheimer, Domestic Policy, danger of falling behind Germans, established by Roosevelt in late 1941 |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Traditionalist, professor of history at Stanford |
|
|
Term
| William Appleman Williams |
|
Definition
| Revisionists, American diplomacy |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the Communist International, initiated in Moscow during march 1919 |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| macro theory of human motivation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Stalin a no show, Allies will accept nothing less than unconditional surrender from Axis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| 1943, Poland, Japan, World Government, Germany |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| 1945 Conference, intended to discuss the reestablishment of the nations of war: torn Europe, Japan, U.N, Poland, Rest of Europe, Germany |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| 1945, summarized U.S. Policy and gave Japan an opening for surrender, Truman and the breakdown of relations |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Nationalist leader in China |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Communist leader in China |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Nationalists fled here and created new country/province |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| military half, President pledged to use U.S. economic power to help free nations everywhere resist subversion/aggression, First tests in Greece and Turkey |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| economic half, a European Recovery Plan by Sec of State George C. Marshall on June 5, 1947, committed the U.S. to rebuild Europe, economic aid to any country that requested it |
|
|
Term
| Berlin Blockade and airlift |
|
Definition
| Soviet Union blocked the Western Allies railway, road and canal access to the Sectors of Berlin under Allied control. |
|
|
Term
| Federal Republic of Germany |
|
Definition
| West Germany, capital is Berlin |
|
|
Term
| Democratic Republic of Germany |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| North Atlantic Treaty Organization, military alliance on the North Atlantic Treaty, headquarters in Brussels, Belgium |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| 1955, Communist version of NATO- attack on one of us will be an attack on all of us. City of Poland where they signed. Divided world into Non-communist/Communist |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| fell to Communism in 1949 |
|
|
Term
| National Security Council Report |
|
Definition
| secretaries discuss what branches are doing, increases communication within the government. increases power of President, informed of matters, executive branch is more powerful |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| 1947, aimed at improving military and gov communication, passed by Truman, created the Department of Defense |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| created the NSA, whenever needed info, further American efforts around the world. Behind the scenes, not openly |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| during WW2, Japan took over Korea, U.S. pushed towards Japan, entered Korea from the South, Russians came from North, met at 38th parallel |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| where U.S. and Russia met at middle of Korea. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Main U.S. General, launched an invasion at Inchon, wanted to unify Korea, in charge of U.N troops, suggested to threaten to bomb China, Truman refused. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| part where South korea had control of, truman saw this as a hitler move, Communist aggression, approached U.N. to assist South korea, help fight against North Korea |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Douglas macarthur invaded this area, the U.N counterattack, huge dramatic victory over North korea, captured/dead |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Truman's 21 point program, extension/expansion of New Deal, expand SS benefits, public housing and slum clearance, raise minimum wage, promote scientific research, federal aid to education, gov. health insurance. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| supplied economic and educational assistance to veterans |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| 1947- Aimed at Wagner Act- gave labor unions too much power, made closed shops illegal, empowered President to initiate a cooling off period, 80 day strike delay |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Truman runs for reelection against Strom Thurmond and the Dixiecrats and Henry Wallace (Progressive) and Republican Thomas Dewey Truman wins |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Dixiecrats- Strom Thurmond- upset with Truman over his Civil Rights Acts, formed his own party, conservative |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Dixiecrats, Southerner, Conservative, did not like Truman's Civil Rights Acts, so created his own party, Election of 1948 |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Election of 1948, Progressive Party, wanted things to move faster, supported Roosevelt |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| election of 1948- Republican Party, low key, bland |
|
|
