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| Made by spanish & portugese crowns trying to bring enlightenment ideas to empire administration/monarchies. Set of economic and political legislation introduced by spanish crown under various kings of the House of Bourbon throughout the 18th Century. Intended to stimulate manufacturing and technology in order to modernize Spain. |
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| “gente descente”; person of European descent born in the Americas |
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| Symbols the end of the Incan reign (1780) Led the rebellion of mixed races and Indians against creoles. |
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| Portuguese monarchy moves to Brazil; city was capitol of Brazil for nearly 2 centuries during Port. Colonial era |
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French ruler who unseats Bourbons in Spain; tried to gain control of Spain
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| Liberal Constitution of 1812 (Spain) |
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getting rid of Bonaparte and taking away some of the king’s power; anti-monarchy, freedom of the press and free enterprise
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| associated with Mexican Independence; priest who conspired against peninsulares w/ Creoles; led Grito de Dolores |
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| The cry of independence made by Hidalgo. September 16th 1810. People marched with him. |
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| “George Washington of South America”; Creole in Venezuela, “true revolutionary”; part of White elite fighting for South American Independence; tries to implement an Independence insurgency from Spain, wrote that slavery was non-sensical economically; was president of Gran Colombia and dictator of Peru |
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| in 1819 formally declared; Bolivar’s visión = Venezuela, Colombia, and Ecuador |
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| “strong men”; regional military figure, effective leader, charismatic and “larger than life”; ideology hard to pinpoint, groups of loyal people following them |
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| believed in more decentralized government and separation of church and state |
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| believed in centralized govt. and continued role of the Catholic church in the govt. |
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| Domingo Faustino Sarmiento |
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| 7th president of Argentina; book- “Facundo”, a critique of famous caudillo Juan Manuel de Rosas; encouraged European immigration to “whiten” population; tried to clear out Indian tribes from land; campaigned for intelligent thought for children, women, and democracy |
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| first Liberal president in Mexico, Zapotec from Oaxaca; La Reforma = declaration of equality for all citizens, expropriation of church lands for peasants |
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| settlers in Mexican Texas officially break off, creating the Republic of Texas; result of the the Mex-Amer. War |
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| philosophy of science based on the view that in the social as well as natural sciences, data derived from sensory experience, and logical and mathematical treatments of such data, are together the exclusive source of all authoritative knowledge; growing sense of science and scientific doctrine; example sociology, Social Darwinism, immigration, and modernization |
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| law in Brazil allowing any child of a slave to be emancipated after the age of 21 |
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Fighting over valuable resources (guano and saltpeter)
Bolivians lose their port to the Pacific and Chile wins |
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| outside money to build infrastructure is established, invasion; for example British influence is brought through British money |
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get rid of war and use foreign investment to boost economy, order is necessary for economic progress; economic progress will lead to political change
Order is necessary for economic progress
Economic progress will lead to political change |
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| Will not stand for any European intervention in Latin America. 1823 warns Europe not to interfere in the Americas. |
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| Comes to a head with the Mexican- American War. Mexico looses over half of its territory. U.S. has responsibility, authority, and right to spread their power. U.S. as a model of democracy for the rest of the world. |
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| Mexican-American War (War of U.S. Invasion) |
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| Culmination of Texas existing independently from Mexico, including border battles, Mexico loses over half of its national territory. |
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reinstates slavery and makes English the spoken language of Nicaragua; interested in gaining a passageway (canal) to gold in Latin America and transport it; eventually killed
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| leader in Cuban independence from Spain. Raised awarness for cuban identitiy. |
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| Spanish-Cuban-American War |
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| begins U.S. becoming militaristic towards Latin America |
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| extension of Monroe Doctrine; justification of U.S. invasion of Latin American when necessary; ensuring U.S. investment in Latin America by keeping Europe out |
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| military intervention, then occupation, then democracy is established; military aspect of U.S. in Latin America |
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monetary influence of U.S. in Latin America
Fairly standard pattern
1) Military intervention
2) occupation
3) Democracy is established |
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| Nicaragua; anti-U.S. who gets captured by Somoza. Against Somoza |
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| President of Mexico that fell from power after Mexican Revolution; stability and economic growth during his leadership but eventually overthrown |
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| mestizo fighting for land restitution in Southern Mexico |
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| efforts to overthrow Porfirio Diaz; middle class was frustrated with not being able to move up social/economic ladder; socialist revolution |
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| theory of siding with the “people” rather than with the “elites” |
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| ejidos in rural areas (land redistribution); example of populist in Mexico, undoes Liberal reforms |
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| Victor Raul Haya de la Torre |
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from Peru, part of political movement trying to keep Incan tradition alive; founded Alianza Popular Revolucionario Americano
Not a military person he's a professor. |
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middle class of Peru could educate the poor to form a unified mass of people, pro-democratic force
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(Argentina) Supported by poorer people. mainly poor Spaniards and Italians; he tries to bring in the masses; anti-communist
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| Uses the radio (not a democrat but suspenda all legislative institutions and makes himself a dictator) to establish Samba as national music. Samba had tradicionally been "slave music". Likened to FDR for instituting social programs like those of the new deal. |
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| 1937, when Vargas makes himself dictator of Brazil |
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| wrote book “Master and the Slaves”; racial democracy declaring everyone in Brazil as black; can’t escape painful history but can absorb it |
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| Racial democracy in Brazil |
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| everyone in Brazil declared black and had been touched by African culture and slavery |
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| Partido Revolucionario Institucional (PRI) |
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| a loose confederation of local political bosses and military strongmen grouped together with labor unions, peasant organizations, and regional political parties. Goal was to stop fighting in Mexico and solve problems; Mexican political party, very powerful. |
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