Term
| During the crisis in the third century C.E. |
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Definition
| the assassination and swift succession of many Roman emperors left the borders of the empire vulnerable to barbarian attack. |
|
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Term
| The date designation C.E. has replaced A.D., in recognition of the fact that many individuals and societies do not practice Christianity. T/F |
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Definition
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Term
| What was the main cause of tension between Rome and the Persian Empire in late antiquity? |
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Definition
| competition over Armenia and Syria |
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Term
Which of these was NOT a role filled by bishops in this period?
a. they collected taxes on behalf of the emperor
b. bishops in the main city of each province supervised the other bishops in that province
c. they helped the poor and vulnerable
d. they acted as judges in civil actions
e. they advocated for their cities in the imperial court |
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Definition
| they collected taxes on behalf of the emperor |
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Term
| The fatal blow to the western half of the Roman Empire came when |
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Definition
| Theodosius allowed Visigoth soldiers to serve in the Roman Army within separate units, under Visigoth commanders. |
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Term
| In the Great Persecution, Diocletian and Galerius forbade Jews to assemble for worship and ordered the destruction of all synagogues and sacred books. T/F |
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Definition
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Term
| After the fall of the western empire, Roman culture was perpetuated in Britain, ensuring its survival into the Middle Ages. T/F |
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Definition
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Term
| Justinian was renowned for his tolerance of non-Christians. T/F |
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Definition
|
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Term
| Under Constantine, the apostles Peter and Paul symbolically replaced Romolus and Remus as the sacred patrons of Rome. T/F |
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Definition
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Term
| Justinian suppressed local laws throughout his territories. T/F |
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Definition
|
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Term
| The last emperor in the west, Romulus Augustus, was defeated and killed in a great battle with Alaric the Visigoth. T/F |
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Definition
|
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Term
| Jews in the Christian world |
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Definition
| experienced persecution and often were forced to convert to Christianity. |
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Term
| The ascetic lifestyle demands the suppression of physical needs and wants to achieve spiritual enlightenment. T/F |
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Definition
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Term
| What happened in December, 406, that made it easier for migrating Germanic tribes to enter Roman territory? |
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Definition
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Term
| After Roman rule in the west collapsed, Greek became the language of learning and law. T/F |
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Definition
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Term
| What was the most important reform undertaken by Diocletian to rescue the empire from anarchy? |
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Definition
| He divided the empire into two administrative units, each with its own emperor and junior-level emperor. |
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Term
| Christianity succeeded in spite of its weak organizational structure. T/F |
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Definition
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Term
Which of these statements is NOT true of Constantine?
a. He continued to permit polytheistic worship, and protected the polytheist temples.
b. He was the first Christian emperor.
c. He made himself absolute ruler of both the eastern and western halves of the empire.
d. He founded a new capital city in the Roman Empire.
e. Before converting to Christianity, he had chosen the sun god Apollo as his divine protector. |
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Definition
| He continued to permit polytheistic worship, and protected the polytheist temples. |
|
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Term
| The historical theory developed by Augustine |
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Definition
| shifted emphasis from Rome to the immortal "city of God." |
|
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Term
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Definition
| became a pillar of Latin-speaking civilization in medieval Europe |
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Term
Which of the following was NOT conquered by Justinian as he attempted to reestablish control over the world of late antiquity?
a. Alexandria
b. Carthage
c. Ravenna
d. Rome
e. Sicily |
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Definition
|
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Term
| At the Council of Nicaea, |
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Definition
| bishops produced a creed that corresponds to the Athanasian belief in the nature of Jesus. |
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Term
|
Definition
| included aristocratic Romans among his closest advisors. |
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Term
|
Definition
| occupied an empire that extended from Russia to France. |
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Term
| Historian Edward Gibbon, in explaining the fall of the Roman Empire, blamed |
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Definition
|
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Term
| Byzantium finally collapsed in 1071, when the Seljuk Turks captured the emperor in battle. T/F |
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Definition
|
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Term
| What is the most accurate description of the Avars? |
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Definition
| Starting in the sixth century, these warrior nomads created an empire in eastern Europe, beyond the borders of Byzantium. |
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Term
|
Definition
| developed a highly centralized Islamic regime |
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Term
| Which figure best represents the engagement, both hostile and productive, between the Arabs and the Byzantines in eighth century? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| The Roman educational system was replaced in Byzantium, resulting in a general decline in learning and the monopoly of the Church on culture and thought. T/F |
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Definition
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Term
| Ninth-century Rus tribesman referred to ___________ as, simply, the "Great City." |
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Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| consolidated Kievan Rus and forced the population to convert to Orthodox Christianity. |
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Term
Which of the following was NOT a characteristic of Byzantium under the Macedonian dynasty?
a. increased cooperation with Rome and the West
b. military success
c. a belief in the divine authority of the emperor
d. an economic boom
e. the conversion of nomadic peoples to Orthodox Christianity |
|
Definition
| increased cooperation with Rome and the West |
|
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Term
| Who were Cyril and Methodius, and what was their significance? |
|
Definition
| They were Moravian brothers who invented an alphabet to write the Slavic language in the ninth century, and whose missionary work helped link the Bulgarians, Serbs, Romanians, and Russians. |
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Term
| Arab traders, coming from India and Persia, contributed to the rise of an explosion of scientific knowledge in the Islamic world. T/F |
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Definition
|
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Term
Which of the following is NOT one of the basic principles of Islam?
a. During Ramadan, Muslims must fast between sunset and sunrise.
b. There is only one God and Muhammad is his prophet.
c. Prayer must be recited five times a day.
d. Muslims must give donations of food and money to the needy.
e. If possible, Muslims must make a pilgrimage to Mecca, the center of the Islamic world. |
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Definition
| During Ramadan, Muslims must fast between sunset and sunrise. |
|
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Term
| Muhammad set up an independent community in Medina that was strictly regulated politically and religiously. T/F |
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Definition
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Term
| Who occupied the top position in the institutional hierarchy of the Orthodox church? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| Photius was the first Byzantine emperor to encourage the quasi-sacred nature of his position. T/F |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| Membership in the Islamic community depended on ethnicity. T/F |
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Definition
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Term
Which of these was NOT a measure taken by Umayyad rulers to encourage long-distance trade?
a. sponsoring voyages of exploration to Indonesia and the Philippines
b. creating new currency, such as the dirham and the dinar
c. enforcing peace
d. encouraging maritime trade
e. permitting loans and letters of credit |
|
Definition
| sponsoring voyages of exploration to Indonesia and the Philippines |
|
|
Term
| The internal strength of the Byzantine Empire depended on the emperor, the army, and the Roman Catholic Church. T/F |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The Iconoclastic controversy resulted in |
|
Definition
| the excommunication of Leo III by the pope. |
|
|
Term
| The military organization of the Byzantine Empire included |
|
Definition
| the creation of military districts called themes that acted as buffer territories in outlying provinces. |
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Term
Which of the following was NOT an issue over which Rome and Constantinople disagreed?
a. the birthplace of Jesus Christ
b. the calendar
c. rituals of the liturgy
d. the authority of the pope
e. language |
|
Definition
| the birthplace of Jesus Christ |
|
|
Term
| The Bulgarian Khan Boris I had the murdered Byzantine emperor's skull lined with silver and turned into a drinking cup. T/F |
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Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which most responsible for Arab success in battle and the rapid spread of the message of Islam? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The term "Middle Ages" refers to the period between the ancient and modern civilizations from about the fifth to the fifteenth centuries. T/F |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The Wars of Apostasy led to a split between Muslim Shi'ites and Sunnis. T/F |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| After the Carolingians, a king ruled effectively by |
|
Definition
| controlling the rogue lords who lived both in and outside his domain. |
|
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Term
| The greatest foes of the Lombards in Italy were the Byzantine forces in Ravenna and |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| The cultural contact with Danes and Norsemen in the British Isles left a linguistic legacy that includes the epic Beowulf. T/F |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| Christianity was not introduced to Ireland until the ninth century. T/F |
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Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the mutually beneficial relationship between lords and vassals that exchanged land for loyalty. |
|
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Term
| Judicial proceedings in the eleventh and twelfth century began to rely on |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| According to Benedict's Rule, monks should live lives of service, begging for alms to benefit the needy. T/F |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| The accomplishments of Otto the Great include the revival of the Roman Empire in the West. T/F |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| The most immediate consequence of the Crusades was |
|
Definition
| the expansion of trade and economic contacts. |
|
|
Term
| Germanic kings demanded that Roman subjects abide by Germanic law. T/F |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The early kingdoms of Latin Christendom grew out of bands organized around |
|
Definition
| clans with warriors at the top that answered directly to the king |
|
|
Term
| Clovis, the Frankish king, |
|
Definition
| converted to Latin Christianity around 500 C.E., partly as justification to attack the Arian Visigoths. |
|
|
Term
| The underlying impulse for the Crusades was the threat that Muslim armies posed to Christian peoples in the Mediterranean. T/F |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Germanic kingdoms were united by |
|
Definition
| personal loyalty to the king |
|
|
Term
Which of the following was NOT an emerging kingdom of Latin Christendom in the Middle Ages?
a. the Vandals
b. the Anglo-Saxons
c. the Franks
d. the Visigoths
e. the Lombards |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| divided the Frankish kingdom among Charlemagne's three grandsons. |
|
|
Term
| Charlemagne changed the map of Europe by |
|
Definition
| conquering tribal lands and establishing a network of subservient kingdoms incorporated into his empire. |
|
|
Term
| The First Crusade was successful more because of internal divisions within the Muslim community than because of the Crusaders' capabilities. T/F |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The influence of Roman law prompted Germanic rulers to allow women to inherit land. T/F |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Latin Christianity and Orthodox Christianity grew apart in the Middle Ages primarily over |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The Capetian dynasty established the precedent of the close relationship between the French monarchy and |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Carolingian rule depended upon a reliance on a standing army and the establishment of a professional bureaucracy. T/F |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Under Hugh Capet, highly sophisticated literature like the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle appeared in Old English.T/F |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The Synod of Whitby ensured that |
|
Definition
| England would follow Latin Christianity. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| was the most powerful and precedent-setting of the medieval popes. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| was the most powerful and precedent-setting of the medieval popes. |
|
|
Term
| Leon Battista Alberti was the ideal Renaissance Man. T/F |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Lorenzo Valla proved that the Donation of Constantine, which transferred imperial authority in Italy to the pope, was a forgery. T/F |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The founder of the historical critical perspective was |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The reforms of Henry VII included |
|
Definition
| confiscating noble lands. |
|
|
Term
| The Renaissance was a cultural movement that stressed |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| sought to resurrect classical culture through studying Latin, grammar, history, and ethics. |
|
|
Term
| No aristocratic women achieved recognition as painters during the Renaissance. T/F |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| France's parliament, the Estates General, levied the taille on the French people to fund the army during the War of the Roses. T/F |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Venice was a unique home to the ideals of the Renaissance, because it was governed by a despotic prince called a doge. T/F |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Brunelleschi won the competition to design the doors of the Baptistry in Florence, and worked on them for twenty-one years. T/F |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The fifteenth-century invention that had the most long-term significance was |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The Renaissance first occurred in |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In The Prince, Machiavelli encouraged rulers to |
|
Definition
| engage in immoral behavior to protect the interests of the state. |
|
|
Term
| Who was the greatest patron of the early Renaissance? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| During the Italian Wars, all of the city-states of Italy, except for Venice, fell under the rule of the king of Spain. T/F |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| form of government where representatives are elected by the people. |
|
|
Term
| Two tasks taken on by popes during the Renaissance were to rebuild Rome and to regain the revenues of the Papal State. T/F |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Patronage is the system whereby |
|
Definition
| wealthy benefactors commissioned works of art according to their specifications. |
|
|
Term
| Philology is the art of persuasive or emotive speaking and writing. T/F |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| During the Renaissance, family life |
|
Definition
| was, in actuality, controlled by matriarchies. |
|
|
Term
| Spain secured European dominance during the fifteenth century through |
|
Definition
| clever dynastic marriages. |
|
|
Term
| Courtiers performed a variety of services for the court, including taking care of the royal family's wardrobe. T/F |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The Wars of the Roses were fought between |
|
Definition
| rival factions in England. |
|
|
Term
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of an early modern European state?
a. the establishment of local assemblies and parliaments
b. a standing army
c. the systematic expansion of taxation
d. monarchs' attempts to constrain the independence of the Church
e. the creation of resident ambassadors |
|
Definition
| the establishment of local assemblies and parliaments |
|
|
Term
The ideal citizen of the Renaissance republic was expected to do all of the following EXCEPT
a. beautify the family home and personal environment, but not public spaces.
b. hold public office.
c. pay taxes honestly.
d. act as a committed citizen.
e. patronize the arts. |
|
Definition
| beautify the family home and personal environment, but not public spaces. |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| Repelled attacks of Quadi and Marcomanni during the Barbarian attack |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Soldier emperor, defeated and captured by Shapur II, showed the weak gov of the time |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| Ruler of Persia, defeated and captured Valerian |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| First of the “Barracks Emperors” |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Created the Tetrarchy to stabilize Rome, worked until his retirement ; put fixed prices on goods to try to stop inflation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Origionally named Saul, preached Christianity to non-Jews which confused people |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Son of a tetrarch, a traditionally ambitious Roman, took over and sole emperor |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| Shut down all pagan religions, wanted unity throughout the empire |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Last non-Christian emperor, tried to undo Constantine’s work because he saw the church’s power rising |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| First of Byzantine Emperors but also last of Roman Emperors, heavily Christian, had a highly complex state and code of law in Latin, said emperor is a link between empire and heaven |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Born in Mecca, religious leader and starter of Islam |
|
|
Term
| Charles “The Hammer” Martel |
|
Definition
| Commander under Merovingian Dynasty, stop Muslim attack in the west, had succession problems |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Last emperor before the fall of Rome |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| Unites the Franks and founds Merovingian Dynasty |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Got the pope to elect him king in return for help, created the Papal States and precedent for Popes to make kings |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| Granted authority of Pepin to become king of the Franks |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| (Carolus Magnus, “Charles the Great”), true founder of the Carolingian Dynasty, strongest ruler of the time, extended the Frankish kingdom to its greatest limits yet, crowned holy Roman Emperor |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| Crowned Charlemagne, has power to make/break emperors |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Louis the German, participated in the Treaty of Verdun |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Participated in the Treaty of Verdun |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| First king of Capetian dynasty |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| German Holy roman emperor in the east |
|
|
Term
| William “the Conqueror” of Normandy |
|
Definition
| Established the Norman empire in England, disputes over the crown of England after the death of King Edward |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| Stood up to Henry IV and threatened to excommunicate him during the investiture controversy |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| King of Germany during the investiture controversy, had to apologize to Pope Gregory |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| Responsible for recognizing church system and taking measures against abuses by priests |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Pope during the crusades, one of the most eloquent and outspoken popes |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| “Bridge Builder”-one of the most important, chief priest of Christian Rome |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Starter of the crusades, gave powerful speech and the council of clermont |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| Norman king that gets into conflict with Thomas Beckett because he wants control of the bishops, accidently has him killed |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Archbishop of Canterbury, assassinated because he didn’t agree with Henry II |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The first monk, thought of as the perfect expression of Christian ideals |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| One of the most powerful medieval churchmen, went out into the world to help people instead of withdraw, great speaker and rhetoric |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| Byzantine Emperor, calls on knights from the west to help him fight |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Two popes for a time, people thought the pope was in the King’s pocket so they elected another pope |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| France during the time of Clement V’s papacy |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| Battle won by the Turks, felt like heroes b/c fighting for Christianity but felt abandoned by the Christians in the west |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Began with William the conqueror’s victory at the battle of hastings, pivotal event in English history |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| England VS France, King od England thought he should be king of France also |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| People that go around beating themselves and others hoping to save themselves from plague or the end of the world. |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| Bubonic/pneumonic Plague, infectious bacteria transmitted from rats to humans by flea bites , causes serious population loess and decay of social structure, caused by sanitation problems |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| In Paris, the “mature” Gothic cathedral |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| First “pure” Gothic cathedral, lighter and more airy church, lots of stained glass |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| Transition forms, flying buttresses and pointed arches |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Architectural innovations, pointed arches distribute weight up for taller structures, flying buttresses |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Tied to the Arch, wanted bigger, airier structures with more light but stone too heavy for windows so churches like dark forts |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Written by St. Augustine in response to pagan believers, most effective form of philosophy of the time |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| When an apprentice travels to work at other shops until recognized as a master |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| Tranees in guild profession |
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