Term
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Definition
| epithelium, connective tissues, nerve and muscle |
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Term
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Definition
| single layerd or multi layered sheet of cells that covers all the free open surfaces of the body, both external and internal |
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Term
| main characteristics of epithelium |
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Definition
1. cells adhere with cell cell adhesion junction
2. has polarity in three domains: Apical (free surface), lateral (neighboring cells), basal (side attached to basal lamina) |
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Term
| four big places for epithelium |
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Definition
1. skin
2. exocrine and endocrine glands
3. mesothelium: lines peritoneal, pleural and pericardial cavities
4. endothelium: lines blood and lymphatic vessels |
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Term
| four big places for epithelium |
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Definition
1. skin
2. exocrine and endocrine glands
3. mesothelium: lines peritoneal, pleural and pericardial cavities
4. endothelium: lines blood and lymphatic vessels |
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Term
| functions of epithelium and ex |
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Definition
| protection (skin), secretion (glands), absorption (intest), gas exchange (lungs), tport twix blood and tissues (vasc epithelium) |
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Term
| what domain may contain interdigitations? |
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Definition
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Term
| what domain deals with creation of gradients across epithelium? |
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Definition
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Term
| what type of junctions are found in the basal domain? |
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Definition
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Term
| how do cilia flap around? what prot is involved? |
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Definition
| doublet microtubules move in relation to eachother using the prot dynein. |
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Term
| give three ex of where cilia are found |
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Definition
| 1. trachea, bronchi and oviducts |
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Term
| discuss the hereditary implications of disfunctional cilia. what's the major symptom of all of these? |
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Definition
several disorders under "immotile cillia syndrome". major syptom is respiratory troubs. 1. Kartageners Syndrome: no dynein arms causes males to be sterile with immotile flagella in sperm
2. Young's Syndrome: malformation of radial spokes and dynein arms |
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Term
| what do microvillis in intestines form? kidney tubule cells? |
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Definition
| striated border; brush border |
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Term
| how are glycoproteins related to microvilli? what are they specifically called? what is the purpose? where is it found? |
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Definition
| some glycoprots attach to PM of microvilli. Called glycocalyx. they help to trap molecules to cell surface. seen in intestines where the glycocalyx has digestive NZ |
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Term
| where might we find stereo cilia? |
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Definition
| male repro system (epidymus and ductus deferens) and sensory hair cells of inner ear |
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Term
| what is the main classes of cell cell interactions in lateral doman? what are the components? |
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Definition
1. Junctional Complex
2. Gap Junctions |
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Term
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Definition
| epithelial cell cell adhesion junction aka terminal bar |
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Term
| where are zonula occludens found? |
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Definition
| immediately below the apical suface of an epithelial cell |
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Term
| describe structure of zona occludens |
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Definition
occludin and claudin proteins are transmem prots that have extracellular parts that attach to adjacent cells.
on the inside, occludin and claudin have attached proteins (ZO1 ZO2 and ZO3) that link them to the actin filaments of the cytoskeleton |
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Term
| describe structure of zona adherins |
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Definition
| transmem prots called cadherins (are Ca2+ dependent) and have extracellular Ca2+ that connects the cadherins of adjacent cells to eachother. on the cytoplasmic side are attached catenin that link the cadherins to actin filaments of cytoskeleton |
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Term
| best example of indtermediate filament? |
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Definition
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Term
| draw a desmosome and include: int filaments, desmocollins, desmogleins, desmoplakin and plakoglobin |
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Definition
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Term
| describe a disease related to desmosome troubs |
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Definition
pemphigus, folliaceus is a blistering disease.
autoantibodies against desmoglien I in desmosome cause loss of adhesion of skin cells |
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Term
| how are gap junctions different from the junctional complex? |
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Definition
| gap junctions involve cell cell communication |
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Term
| what types of cells will you find junctional complex? gap junction? |
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Definition
| epithelial cells; epithelial cells and other cells too |
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Term
| draw a gap junction and include: connexon, connexin, two PMs, hydrophobic channel |
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Definition
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Term
what types of things can move thru gap junctions?
what processes do gap junctions facilitate? |
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Definition
ions and small regulatory molecules
chemical and electrical coupling betwix cells |
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Term
| what pathological implications do gap junctions have? |
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Definition
| connexin mutations can cause deafness via Charcot Maria Tooth disease (degeneration of peripheral nerve) and congenital cataracts (opacity of eye lens) |
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Term
| where do epithelial cells interact with the extracellular matrix? |
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Definition
| mostly in the basal domain |
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Term
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Definition
| extracellular matrix structure located twix basal surface of epithelial cells and underlying connective tissue |
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Term
| what type of molecule is heparin sulfate? |
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Definition
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Term
| what is the role of enactin? where is it found? |
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Definition
| found in lamina densa of basal lamina. it attaches type 4 collagen to laminin |
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Term
| what are the functions of the basal lamina? |
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Definition
1. ATTACHMENT: attaches cells to under connective tissue
2. TRANSPORT BARRIER: Epithelial cells separated from connective tissue by basal lamina, making tport selective
3. FILTRATION: ex. in kidney filtrate must cross basal lamina to reach urinary space
4. FUNCTIONAL POLARITY: makes cells polar
5. REGENERATION: basal lamina is basis for regeneration after wounding |
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Term
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Definition
| layer similar to basal lamina that surrounds nonepithelial cells like striated muscle and neural support cells |
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Term
| what composes the basement membrane? |
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Definition
| basal lamina + lamina reticularis |
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Term
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Definition
| contains reticular fibers (collagen type III) |
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Term
| what makes collagen type III, where is it? whats an example? |
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Definition
| cells in connective tissue that is underneath the basement membrane. ex. fibroblasts |
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Term
| where do we find hemidesmosomes? |
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Definition
| basal cell layer of epithelium |
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Term
| what types of cells have more hemidesmosomes? |
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Definition
| cells that require extra strong adhesion to connective tissues |
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Term
| pathological application of hemidesmosomes |
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Definition
| bullous pemphigoid=autoantibodies against hemidesmosome parts makes blisters twix basal lamina and basal domain of epi cells |
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Term
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Definition
| cell, grp of cells or organ that produces secretion for use by other cells |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| major diff twix endocrine and exocrine |
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Definition
| exocrine utilized a duct system |
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Term
| describe the two main paths of endocrine secretions |
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Definition
1.products released into surrounding connective tissue, then go into blood or lymphatic system. then tported thru body.
2. paracrine path in which product has a local effect |
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Term
| what are the two types of endocrine glands? |
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Definition
| unicellular and multicellular |
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Term
| what are endocrine products called? |
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Definition
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Term
| two types of exocrine glands and the pathways of them |
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Definition
1. multicellular: product secreted into a lumen connected to a duct. duct delivers product to epi surface.
2. unicellular exocrine gland: secretory cell releases product rigt onto surface |
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Term
| best example of unicellular exocrine gland. what do they do? |
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Definition
| goblet cell cells secrete mucus to protect epithelial surfaces |
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Term
| what are the types of exocrine glands? |
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Definition
1. mucous
2. serous
3. mixed |
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Term
| contrast mucus, mucous, mucin and mucinogen and mucigen |
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Definition
mucous is and adjective
mucus is a noun made from water and mucin. mucinogen/mucigen are mucin precursors found in granules in mucous cells. |
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Term
| what do serous glands secrete? |
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Definition
| protein/enzyme rich watery fluid |
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Term
| what do mucous glands look like with H/E? Serous? |
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Definition
| Serous stained with H and E, mucous glands are pale |
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Term
| where are nuclei in mucous cells? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| raspberry looking bunch of cells found in multicellular endocrine glands |
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Term
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Definition
| mucous and serous cells making endocrine gland |
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Term
| most common secretion method of exocrine glands |
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Definition
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