Term
| two semi-independent parts of the lymphatic system |
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Definition
• Lymphatic vessels
• Lymphoid tissues and organ |
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Term
| o Lymphatic system functions |
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Definition
• Transport fluids back to the blood
• Play essential roles in body defense and resistance to disease |
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Term
| What types of pumps propel lymph through the vessels? |
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Definition
NO PUMPS!
Skeletal (milking action) and Smooth muscle (rhythmic contraction) propel the lymph through the vessels |
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Term
| Name the various types of vessels in lymphatic tissue |
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Definition
Lymph Capillaries
Collecting Vessels |
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Term
| Flap-ike minivalves are present in which type of lymph vessels |
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Definition
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Term
| How does lymphatic fluid leak into lymph capillaries? |
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Definition
| significant gaps and spaces between endothelial cells |
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Term
| How are lymph capillaries anchored to connective tissue? |
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Definition
| By filaments, which hold and maintain space and position of capillaries in surrounding tissue |
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Term
| What causes minivalves in lymphatic cpaillaries to close? |
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Definition
| High pressure on the inside closes mini valves. |
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Term
| What types of harmful materials enter lymph vessels? |
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Definition
| Bacteria, viruses, cancer cells, cell debris |
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Term
| Which materials are returned to the blood through the endothelium via lymph? |
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Definition
| water, blood cells, proteins |
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Term
| Purpose of collecting vessels in lymphatic system? |
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Definition
• Collects lymph from lymph capillaries
carries lymph TO and AWAY from lymph nodes
Returns fluid to the circulatory veins near the heart
Right lymphatic duct & Thoracic duct |
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Term
| o After exchange in the tissue, then the collecting vessels bring the lymph back to the heart via the....... |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Right lymphatic duct & Thoracic duct |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| • Components of the Lymphatic System |
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Definition
o Circulating lymphocytes
Lymphatic nodules
Lymph nodes |
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Term
| Is diffuse lymphatic encapsulated? |
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Definition
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Term
| Where is diffuse lymphatic tissue found? |
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Definition
| mucosa of the digestive tract, respiratory tree, and genitourinary tract |
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Term
| Diffuse lymphatic tissue is located below the epithelium in the..... |
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Definition
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Term
| Lymphatic Nodules (lymphatic follicles) |
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Definition
| high concentrations of lymphocytes but not surrounded by capsulated |
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Term
| Examples of lymphatic nodules are found where? |
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Definition
| tonsils, Peyer's patches, appendix |
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Term
| what happens to lymphatic nodules when exposed to antigens? |
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Definition
enlargement/ swelling
upon infection, cells undergo rounds of cell division |
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Term
| Are lymph nodes encapsulated? |
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Definition
| Yes, they are defined by the capsule |
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Term
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Definition
• important filter for lymph (which collects tissues from body fluids) as it makes it's way to blood vascular system
removes it or triggers and immune response
contains macrophages(non specific) in medulla and lymphocytes (specific) in cortex |
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Term
| Mucosa-Associated Lymphatic Tissue (MALT) |
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Definition
acts as a sentinel (capture & kill) to protect respiratory & digestive tracts
• Contain T & B cells |
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Term
| Which lymphatic components are included in MALT? |
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Definition
Peyer’s patches
Tonsils
Other small accumulations of lymphoid tissue |
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Term
| Where are Peyer's patches found? |
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Definition
| wall of the small intestine |
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Term
| Purpose of Peyer's patches |
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Definition
o Capture and destroy bacteria in the intestine
o Classified as a lymphatic nodule
o Concentrations of lymphocytes |
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Term
| 2 components of lymph nodes |
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Definition
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Term
| Medullary component of lymph node |
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Definition
• Inner part
• Contains phagocytic macrophages
• Stain lighter b/c they contain less lymphocytes |
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Term
| Cortex component of lymph node |
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Definition
• Outer part
• Contains follicles – collections of lymphocytes |
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Term
| Describe Flow of Lymph Through Nodes |
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Definition
Lymph first comes in contact with the capsule, which branches out and continues into the parenchyma via teh trabeculae
enters cortex through AFFERENT lymphatic vessel
Flows through sinuses inside the node
Exits through Efferent |
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Term
| Why are there fewer efferent than afferent? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| o On the concave surface (Hilum) vessels take the lymph fluid out of the node |
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Term
| high endothelial venules (HEV) |
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Definition
• Enable lymphocytes circulating in the blood to directly enter the lymph nodes
have a columnar shape |
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Term
| What types of fibers support macrophages and lymphocytes in the medulla? |
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Definition
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Term
| Other Lymphoid Organs that contribute to the lymphatic function |
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Definition
o Spleen
o Thymus
o Tonsils
o Peyer’s patches |
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Term
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Definition
destroys worn out blood cells
forms blood cells in the fetus
acts as a blood reservoir |
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Term
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Definition
high concentration of lymphocytes surrounding a branch of the splenic artery
stains very dark because of dense heterochromatin in nuclei |
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Term
| Peri-Arietal Lymphatic Sheath (PALS) |
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Definition
| the accumulation of lymphocytes investing the central arteries of the spleen and comprising the white pulp |
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Term
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Definition
• filters and degrades erythrocytes
• consists of splenic sinuses and splenic cords |
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Term
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Definition
| • consists of splenic sinuses and splenic cords |
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Term
| Describe the sinuses of the spleen |
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Definition
| cells are NOT tightly attached to neighbor to facilitate old red blood cells to come in |
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Term
| Describe the splenic cords |
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Definition
| Contain loose connective tissue including macrophages for erythophagocytosis |
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Term
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Definition
Production of mature and immature T-cells
encapsulated
become less effective with age
peak levels only during childhood
Produces hormones (like thymosin) to program lymphocyte production |
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Term
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Definition
established by the thymic lobules
where mature and immature T cells are produced |
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Term
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Definition
| T-cells of the thymic cortex |
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Term
| Are macrophages present in the thymic medulla? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
synthesis of thymic hormones
Tightly packed concentric arrangement of epithelial-like squamous cells
• Hallmark of thymic medulla
includes desmosomes, keratinohyalin granules, hyaline |
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Term
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Definition
| trap and remove bacteria and other foreign materials |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Histological characteristics of tonsils |
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Definition
| Crypts, stratified squamous epithelium, lymphatic nodules, and connective tissue. |
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Term
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Definition
o Collection of tonsils monitoring the oral cavity, nasal cavity, and pharynx
o Allows exposure of entering pathogens to lymphocytes in the tonsils |
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