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| main function of the nervous system (3) |
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Definition
| sensory, integrative, motro |
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| basic stuctural and functional unit, for cell to cell communication |
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| receives incoming signals from other neurons |
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| tube-like fiber , thicker and longer than dendrites |
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| fatty white substance around axon |
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| aread between axon terminal and dendrites of next cell |
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| single process extends from cell body, branches into axon and dendrite. |
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| two branches leave opposite ends of cell body, limited dendritic branching, short axons. |
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| bipolar neurons often serve in what capacity? |
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Definition
| multiple branches leave cell body; many dendrites, extensive integration of information from other neurons. usually long. |
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| most neurons are of what structural type? |
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Definition
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| 3 functional roles of neurons: |
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Definition
| motor (efferent), sensory (afferent), interneurons |
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| the basophilic patches visible in cytoplasm of the soma are termed |
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| Nissl substance is actually |
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Definition
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| the nucleolus in the soma is always present, making |
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Definition
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Definition
| transport of products from cell body to axon |
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| the synaptic bouton is where what are packaged and stored? |
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Definition
| neurotransmitter molecules |
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Term
| dentrites carry _________ to the cell body |
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Definition
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Term
| the axon hillock is characterized by its lack of |
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Definition
| Nissl substance and Golgi bodies |
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Term
| the presynaptic membrane is |
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Definition
| the area of plasma membrane of a presynaptic axon that is within the synapse and has sites adapted for release of transmitterse |
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| the postsynaptic membrane |
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Definition
| has receptors that interact with neurotarnsmitters |
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Definition
| contact point between an axon and a cell body |
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Term
| multipolar neurons are found in |
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Definition
| the CNS and autonomic ganglia |
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Term
| bipolar neurons are associated with what systems? |
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Definition
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| pseudounipolar neurons are associated with receptors in the |
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Definition
| skin, joints, muscles, internal organs |
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Term
| a synapse between an axon and a dendrite is inhibitory or excitatory? |
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Definition
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| an axosomatic synapse is inhibitory or excitatory? |
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Definition
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Definition
| the lipid bilayer of Schwann cell plasma membrane. |
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| long cellular extension of neuron |
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| bare region between Schwann Cells, where axonal membrane is exposed to extracellular fluid |
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Definition
| electrical impulse skips over myelinated sections |
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Definition
| each fascicle of nerve fiber bundles |
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Term
| epineurium is composed of |
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Definition
| loose irregular connective tissue w/ collagen, elastic fiber, fibroblasts, adipose, macrophages, mast cells |
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Definition
| each bundle of nerve fibers |
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| thin connective tissue with reticular fibers synth by Schwann cells; occasional fibroblasts and capillaries |
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| aggregates of nerve cell bodies (soma) outside the CNS |
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| what cells function in the CNS how Schwann cells function in the PNS? |
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Definition
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Definition
| oligodendrocytes, astrocytes, microglia, ependymal cells |
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Definition
| supprot, nutrition, repair, defense, isolation, phagocytosis |
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Definition
| bind neurons to capillaries and to pia mater, aid in blood-brain barrier, form scar tissue, affect metabolism of neurons. |
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Definition
| small, elongate cells w/ short processes. Phagocytic - protect brain from microorganisms. inflammation and repair. |
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| lines internal cavities of spinal cord and ventricles of brain. contribute to formation of spinal fluid. |
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Term
| the neurotransmitter released at neuromuscular junctions is |
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Definition
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| cell bodies of motor neurons are located where in the CNS? |
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Definition
| the anterior horn of the grey matter |
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| Meissner corpuscle senses: |
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Definition
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| Pacinian corpuscle senses: |
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| Pressure/course touch and vibration/tension |
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| spinal ganglion is known as the _________ ________ |
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Definition
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Term
| sensory neurons do / do not synapse in ganglia |
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Definition
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Term
| motor neurons do / do not synapse in ganglia |
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Definition
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Term
| sensory neurons are bipolar, multipolar, or pseudounipolar? |
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Definition
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Term
| autonomic ganglion contain cell bodies of two types of postganglionic neurons: |
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Definition
| sympathetic, parasympathetic |
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Term
| the gray matter contains: |
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Definition
| cell bodies and glial cells |
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Term
| the white matter contains: |
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Definition
| myelinated and unmyelinated axons and glia |
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Term
| how many more glia are there in the brain than neurons? |
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Definition
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| how many axons can be myelinated by one oligodendrocyte? |
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Definition
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Term
| are there nodes of Ranvier in the CNS? |
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Definition
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| waht type of epithelium makes up the ependyma? |
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Definition
| cuboidal to columnar, some ciliated |
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Term
| the meninges has three parts: |
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Definition
| dura mater, arachnoid mater, pia mater |
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Term
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Definition
| periosteum of inner cranium bone + dense CT contains fibroblasts, fibrocytes |
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Definition
| dense CT, subarachnoid space filled with CSF |
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Definition
| loose CT, many small blood vessels. Adheres closely to surfaces of brain and spinal cord. |
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Term
| which part of nervous system is involved with "fight-or-flight?" |
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Definition
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Term
| what does the parasympathetic system affect? |
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Definition
| slow processes - slows heart rate, constricts pupils, increases gastric secretion and intestinal motility |
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Term
| nuclei in sensory, pseudounipolar ganglia are located ________ and have _________ __________ |
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Definition
| centrally, prominent nucleoli |
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Term
| where does the central process of afferent nuron of the dorsal root ganglion synapse? |
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Definition
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Term
| if a neuron in a ganglion has an eccentrically located nucleus, it is probably a ________ neuron |
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Definition
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| efferent neurons will have nuclei located ___________ |
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Definition
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Term
| the cerebellar cortex has three layers: |
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Definition
| molecular, purkinje, granular |
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Term
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Definition
| mostly inhabited by dendrites of purkinje cells- looks sparse |
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Term
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Definition
| single layer of large purkinje cells between molecular and granular layer or cerebellar cortex |
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