Term
| What are the general products of the liver? |
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Definition
| Proteins, lipids, lipoproteins, and urea |
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|
Term
| What types of proteins does the liver produce? |
|
Definition
| Albumin, alpha and beta globulins, transferrin, fibrinogen, prothrombin, factors 7, 9, and 10 |
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Term
| What types of lipids and lipoproteins does the liver produce? |
|
Definition
| Cholesterol, VLDL, LDL, fatty acids |
|
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Term
| What substances does the liver store? |
|
Definition
| Glucose - Glycogen, Lipids - Fat Droplets, and Vitamins |
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Term
| What are 4 examples of substances that are modified or removed by the liver? |
|
Definition
| 1) Bilirubin 2) Toxins 3) Hormones 4) Drugs |
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Term
|
Definition
| It is a detergent that aids in lipid digestion and absorption |
|
|
Term
| How many lobes does the liver have? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is Glisson's Capsule? |
|
Definition
| It is a thin capsule that surrounds the liver and is made up of collage and fibroblasts. It is surrounded by mesothelium |
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|
Term
| What is the exocrine product of the liver? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What 3 structures make up the portal triad? |
|
Definition
| 1) Hepatic arteriole 2) Portal venule 3) Bile duct |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| Highly permeable capillaries with fenestrated epithelium into which blood flows from portal venules and hepatic arterioles. |
|
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Term
| Where does blood flow from a sinosoid? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the Space of Disse? |
|
Definition
| The gap between the sinusoidal endothelium and the hepatocytes. |
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|
Term
| Which liver cells synthesize bile? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| In which zone are the hepatocytes closest to the triad and recieve the richest oxygenated blood? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In which zone are the hepatocytes active in glycogen synthesis? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| In which zone do the hepatocytes have the largest mitochondria? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In which zone do the hepatocytes have the most abundant lysosomes and are the most active in pinocytosis? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In which zone are the hepatocytes most active in protein synthesis and plasma protein secretions? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which zone is considered the intermediate zone? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In which zone do the hepatocytes receive the most deoxygenated blood? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In which zone are the hepatocytes rich in SER drug oxidation capacity? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In which zone do the hepatocytes have the thinnest, least active mitochondria? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In which zone would fat be deposited most abundantly? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the percentage of hepatocytes in the liver? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the name for the beginning of bile ducts? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What do the hepatocytes secrete into the bile canaliculi? |
|
Definition
| water, bile salts, conjugated bilirubin, modified drugs, toxins, and metabolites |
|
|
Term
| Which type of endothelial cells form a porous vascular wall? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| mononuclear phagocytic macrophages that contain collagenase and may regulate the amount of extracellular reticulum present in the liver. |
|
|
Term
| What are other names for lipocytes? |
|
Definition
| Fat cells, Cells of Ito, Vitamin A Cells |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| cells that contain fat droplets. May be involved in fat synthesis and storage, and storage of fat-soluble vitamins. may transform into fibroblasts and synthesize collagen after liver damage |
|
|
Term
| What is the function of bile salt? |
|
Definition
| To emulsify fat for hydrolysis and absorption |
|
|
Term
| From which vein does bile salt get reabsorbed into the liver? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What type of epithelium lines hepatic and cystic ducts? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What substance causes bile ducts to secrete bicarbonate into bile and relaxes the sphicter? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What type of epithelium lines the gall bladder? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How is bile in the gall bladder concentrated? |
|
Definition
| A sodium pump actively reasorbs sodium from bile and chloried and water follow passively. |
|
|
Term
| What substances induces contraction of the gall bladder? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What two substances may precipitate to form gall stones? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In which gender are gall stones more frequent? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Excessive collagen deposition which may involve circulatory disruption and reduced function. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Extensive fibrosis and disorganized cell regeneration that leads to severe dysfunction. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Blockage of bile ducts or reduced synthesis resulting in reduced bile flow to the duodenum. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Any disorder that results in enough bile leakage into the blood stream to color the integument with bile pigments |
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