Term
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Definition
| genetic, anatomic, and functional unit of the nervous system |
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Term
| 3 functional regions of a neuron |
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Definition
| input region, conductile region, and output region |
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Term
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Definition
| region of neuron that contains passive membrane |
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Term
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Definition
| region of a neuron that contains voltage-gated channels |
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Term
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Definition
| region of a neuron from which neurotransmitter is released |
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Term
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Definition
| amplitude of an action potential decays with distance traveled along the conductile region of a neuron in a membrane lacking voltage-gated channels |
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Term
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Definition
| neuronal membrane lacking voltage-gated ion channels; present in neuronal input regions |
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Term
| action potential propagation |
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Definition
| sequential opening of voltage-gated Na+ channels followed by opening of voltage-gated K+ channels |
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Term
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Definition
| increases conductivity along a neuron |
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Term
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Definition
| gaps between myelin sheaths in which voltage-gated channels are concentrated |
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Term
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Definition
| event that opens voltage gated Na+ channels |
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Term
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Definition
| constitute release of neurotransmitter |
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Term
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Definition
| constitute transduction of chemical (neurotransmitters) to electrical signals |
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Term
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Definition
| carry Ca+ ions via exocytosis into synaptic cleft |
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Term
| small molecule transmitters |
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Definition
| acetylcholine, glutamate, GABA, glycine, serotonin, the catecholamines, and the purines |
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Term
| main subsets of neurotransmitters |
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Definition
| small molecule transmitters and peptides |
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Term
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Definition
| portion of neuron in which small molecule transmitters are created and packaged |
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Term
| peptide neurotransmitters |
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Definition
| small, neuromodulatory proteins; over 50 identified; many act as hormones elsewhere; function through second messengers |
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Term
| ligand-gated ion channels |
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Definition
| opened by neurotransmitters |
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Term
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Definition
| excitatory ligand-gated ion channel |
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Term
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Definition
| inhibitory ligand-gated ion channel |
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Term
| excitatory post synaptic potential (EPSP) |
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Definition
| <1 mv; summate with IPSPs to determine if a trigger zone reaches threshold level |
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Term
| triggering an action potential |
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Definition
| hundreds of potentials are required |
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Term
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Definition
| addition of potentials arriving from different regions |
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Term
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Definition
| addition of potentials within the same time window |
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Term
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Definition
| support cells of the nervous system |
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Term
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Definition
| background matter in nervous tissue slides (cross sections of neurons, etc.) |
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Term
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Definition
| intracellular components of neuronal cell bodies |
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Term
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Definition
| increased conduction; faster reactions; "superficial pain" |
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Term
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Definition
| reduced conduction; slower reaction; "deep pain" |
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Term
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Definition
| creates mylen sheath in CNS |
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Term
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Definition
| creates mylen sheath in PNS |
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Term
| single nucleus in a PNS nerve |
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Definition
| could belong to a schwann cell, an endothelial cell, or a CT cell; NOT THE NUCLEUS OF A NEURONAL CELL BODY |
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