Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| brain, brainstem, and spinal cord |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| contains nerves and ganglia |
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Term
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Definition
| balance between catabolism and anabolism; fluid balance and blood distribution; blood gas concentration and pH |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| a stereotyped motor response to a given sensory stimulus |
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Term
| afferent and efferent neurons |
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Definition
| peripheral components of the autonomic reflex arc |
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Term
| central components of the autonomic reflex arc |
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Definition
| spinal cord grey matter; the hypothalamus; the medulla oblongata |
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Term
| parasympathetic and sympathetic |
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Definition
| 2 main divisions of the autonomic nervous system |
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Term
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Definition
| another name for the autonomic nervous system |
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Term
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Definition
| "Rest and Digest"; associated with anabolism |
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Term
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Definition
| "Fight or Flight"; associated with catabolsim |
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Term
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Definition
| "sympathetic chain ganglia", which compose the sympathetic chain/trunk |
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Term
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Definition
| regulated by sympathetic and parasympathetic input |
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Term
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Definition
| outer lining of GI organs |
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Term
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Definition
| within loose connective tissue of GI organs |
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Term
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Definition
| input and output balance between both parasympathetic and sympathetic divisions of the autonomic nervous system |
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Term
| only sympathetic innervation |
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Definition
| sweat glands, liver, spleen, most blood vessels, adrenal medulla |
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Term
| Cholinergic Sympathetic Innervation |
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Definition
| sweat glands in all domestic spp. (except horses) and blood vessels of skeletal mm. |
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Term
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Definition
| cholinergic sympathetic postganglionic receptors |
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Term
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Definition
| neurotransmitter released by postganglionic cholinergic sympathetic neurons |
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Term
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Definition
| mimics a neurotransmitter |
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Term
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Definition
| antagonizes a neurotransmitter |
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Term
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Definition
| links the sympathetic nervous system with the endocrine system |
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Term
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Definition
| cells within the adrenal medulla that share embryonic origin with ganglionic neurons; release epinephrine upon stimulation by sympathetic preganglionic neurons |
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Term
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Definition
| responsible for the "Defense-Alarm Reaction" and circulating epinephrine |
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Term
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Definition
| dictate the effect of neurotransmitters |
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Term
| neurotransmitter effects on receptors |
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Definition
| changes in ion permeability (ligand-gated ion channels); and changes in intracellular activity (second messenger sysstem) |
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Term
| Nicotinic ACh Receptor (nAChR) |
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Definition
| ligand-gated ion channel; excitatory to target |
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Term
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Definition
| inactivates nAChR and mAChR |
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Term
| Muscarinic ACh Receptor (mAChR) |
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Definition
| G-Protein linked channel; stimulatory or inhibitory |
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Term
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Definition
| mAChR within the nervous system |
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Term
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Definition
| mAChR inhibitory to cardiac m., conductile tissue, and sympathetic neurons |
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Term
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Definition
| mAChR with parasympathetic GI effects; affects exocrine glands and endothelium |
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Term
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Definition
| elicited by M3, after M3 activation by cholinergic sympathetic innervation in skeletal mm., to elicit vasodialation |
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Term
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Definition
| sympathetic post-ganglionic neurotransmitter |
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Term
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Definition
| acted upon by norepinephrine |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| subtypes of adrenergic receptors |
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Term
| Alpha 1 Adrenergic Receptors |
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Definition
| excitatory to smooth mm. (splanchnic vessels, erector pili, GI sphincters) |
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Term
| Alpha 2 Adrenergic Receptors |
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Definition
| inhibitory to presynaptic neurons and parasympathetic neurons |
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Term
| Beta 1 Adrenergic Receptors |
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Definition
| excitatory to cardiac m. and conductile tissue |
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Term
| Beta 2 Adrenergic Receptors |
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Definition
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Term
| Signs of Horner's Syndrome |
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Definition
| miotic pupil, enophthalmos, third eyelid protrusion, ptosis, and hyperhidrosis (in horses) |
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Term
| Signs of loss of sympathetic input |
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Definition
| ipsilateral vasodilation and denervation supersensitivity |
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Term
| Denervation Supersensitivity |
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Definition
| adrenergic receptors on sweat glands |
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