Term
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Definition
| • Takes deoxygenated blood from the heart, to the lungs, and returns it to the heart |
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Term
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Definition
| • Moves blood and oxygen to all the cells of the body, removing carbon dioxide, then returns it to the heart |
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Term
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Definition
| • From Body (Deoxygenated) → Right Atrium → Right Ventricle → Lungs (Oxygenated) → Left Atrium → Left Ventricle → Body |
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Term
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Definition
a double serous membrane
o fluid (white space) that is produced will be trapped within the double membrane; serous membrane
2 membranes of pericardium (outer and inner leaflets
• visceral pericardium
• Parietal pericardium |
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Term
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Definition
| Outside layer...further away from the heart |
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Term
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Definition
layer immediately next to the heart…IN CONTACT WITH THE HEART
Heart Wall |
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Term
| 3 layers of the heart wall |
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Definition
• Epicardium
• Myocardium
• Endocardium |
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Term
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Definition
– outermost layer
o Mesothelial cells – cover outermost surface of the heart (visceral pericardium)
• Mesothelial cells play a role in secreting serous fluid
o Connective tissues containing blood vessels and nerves for the heart function
o Adipose tissue that surrounds the vessels and nerves |
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Term
| In epicardium, ____ surrounds vessels |
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Definition
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Term
| In the epicardium, Mesothelial cells play a role in |
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Definition
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Term
| The middle, thickest layer of the heart wall is known as |
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Definition
myocardium,
o Contains cardiac muscle tissue |
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Term
| • Greatest force is produced by which chamber of the heart? |
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Definition
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Term
| o Desmosomes and intercalated discs have what function in myocardial tissue? |
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Definition
| maintain alignment of cells |
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Term
| Which layer of the heart is in direct contact with the blood? |
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Definition
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Term
| • Endocardium is lined with of what type of epithelial tissue? |
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Definition
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Term
| What types of tissue make up the endocardium? |
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Definition
| simple squamous (lining layer), connective tissue, smooth muscle cells |
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Term
| Describe the the subendocardial layer |
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Definition
o Deepest layer of dense connective tissue
continuous with the connective tissue of the myocardium |
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Term
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Definition
o Intrinsic conduction system
• Heart muscle cells contract, without nerve impulses, in a regular, continuous way |
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Term
| Describe how the signal is moved throughout the heart, causing a contraction |
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Definition
| SA Node autorhythmic cells → AV Node → AV Bundles (Bundles of His) → Bundle Branches → Purkinje Fibers |
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Term
| • Signals to contract, function in controlling the ________ pump in the cardiovascular system |
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Definition
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Term
| Where is the secondary pump in the cardiovascular system? |
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Definition
a secondary pump in the legs…skeletal muscle lies very close to the vein
• As we walk, skeletal muscle contracts, creates bulges, which will squeeze the blood in the vein and try to push it back to the superior vena cava |
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Term
| __________maintain the direction of blood in one direction help prevent backflow |
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Definition
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Term
| T/F Cardiovascular valves are present in veins and arteries |
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Definition
False
Valves of the cardiovascular system are seen only in Veins |
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Term
| Describe the vessels of cardiovascular system |
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Definition
| :Arteries → Arterioles → Capillaries → Venules → Veins |
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Term
| Compare and contrast veins and arteries |
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Definition
Arteries
• Arteries usually have a thicker layer, due to more muscle in the wall
• The lumen of the artery contains a lot of folding, i, waving
overall shape of artery is REGULAR
lining of the vein is smooth
• Shape is irregular – thin walls
• Diameter of the vein lumen is much greater than the artery |
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Term
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Definition
• Continuous
• Fenestrated
• Sinusoidal/discontinuous |
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Term
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Definition
Most common
simple squamous epithelial cells
clefts present
small vesicles help transport across the wall of the capillary… pinocytotic (small)
basement membrane helps to maintain integrity of the capillary wall
• also helps filter and exchange materials
• Least amount of exchange |
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Term
| Which type of capillary allows the least amount of exchange between blood and connective tissue? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
contains pores through the individual cells
pinocytotic vesicles
Intercellular clefts – gaps between cells
tight junctions
primary difference between and fenestrated and continuous is allows even greater exchange between blood and connective tissue |
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Term
| Sinusoidal/discontinuous Capillaries |
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Definition
very large spaces persist
the lumen is much wider than the lumen of the other 2 capillaries described
• Greatest amount of exchange
exists where prolonged exchange of blood and nutrients in necessary (i.e. liver cells) |
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Term
• Pericytes
(Aka Rouget cells or perivascular cells) |
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Definition
CT on outside of Capillaries (& Venules)
o Surrounded by basal lamina beneath the endothelial cells
giving rise to additional smooth muscle cells
• Give rise to fibroblasts |
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Term
| Walls of the capillaries don't contain ________ |
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Definition
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Term
| Direct Diffusion at Capillary Beds |
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Definition
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Term
| Direct Diffusion through Intercellular cleft at capillary beds |
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Definition
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Term
| Diffusion through pore at capillary bed |
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Definition
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Term
| Pinocytosis at capillary bed |
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Definition
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Term
| Purpose of Hemidesmosomes in cardiovascular system |
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Definition
| • Helps give support and adhesiveness to the components of the basement membrane |
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Term
| 3 layers of Blood vessels in cardiovascular system |
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Definition
Tunica Intima
Tunica Media
Tunica Externa |
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Term
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Definition
Inner Layer
Continuous with the endothelium of the heart wall |
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Term
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Definition
Middle Layer
Smooth muscle
can also contain internal elastic lamina (absent from most of the veins)
Controlled by sympathetic nervous system (fight or flight) |
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Term
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Definition
Mostly fibrous connective tissue
outermost layer (also known as adventicia)
connective tissue that surrounds external organs and tissues |
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Term
| In which types of vessels do tunicas exist? |
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Definition
Arteries, Capillaries
NOT CAPILLARIES |
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Term
| 3 Classifications of Arteries |
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Definition
| Elastic, Muscular, Arterioles |
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Term
| Elastic Artery (Conducting Artery) |
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Definition
o Largest of all arteries in the body
are smooth muscle cells and elastic fibers in tunica media
o Vasa vasorum (vessels of vessels) are present in the tunica adventitia
contains Weibel-Palade Bodies |
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Term
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Definition
component of Elastic Arteries
• Rod–like structures in the endothelial cells of arteries
• Contain von Willebrand factor (aka coagulating factor VIII)
• Formed within endothelium, primarily in arteries but in other vessels as well
Contain factor in the clotting cascade |
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Term
| In elastic arteries, where are the Vasa Vasorum located? |
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Definition
present in the tunica adventitia
• Provide nutrients to the wall of the vessels |
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Term
| Muscular Artery (Distributing Artery) |
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Definition
o Take blood from elastic arties and feed them into surrounding arterioles
o circular arrangement of smooth muscles cells in the tunica media; may approach 8 layers of muscle |
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Term
| Describe the Tunica Adventitia of the Muscular Artery |
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Definition
external elastic lamina separating the t. media and t.adventia
• Layer is approx. the same width as tunica media |
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Term
| Describe the Tunica Media of the Muscular Artery |
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Definition
• More smooth muscle & less elastin than in elastic arteries
Predominant in the conducting arteries |
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Term
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Definition
o arterial vessels less than 100 um
o internal elastic lamina is present in the tunica intima
o Spirals of (one or two layers) of smooth muscle cells and +/- external elastic lamina in the tunica media
o tunica adventitia approaches the width of the tunica media |
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Term
| Describe the tunica intima of arterioles |
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Definition
| o internal elastic lamina is present |
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Term
| Describe the Tunica MEdia of Aterioles |
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Definition
| o Spirals of (one or two layers) of smooth muscle cells and +/- external elastic lamina |
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Term
| Describe the tunica media of elastic arteries |
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Definition
| smooth muscle cells and elastic fibers |
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Term
| Describe the tunica adventitia |
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Definition
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Term
| __________ is absent in smaller venules but present in larger ones. |
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Definition
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Term
| Compare the walls and lumen of the venules to arterioles |
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Definition
| o much larger lumen and thinner walls than arteriol |
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Term
| Where are pericytes seen in venules |
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Definition
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Term
| Where do medium-sized veins collect blood? |
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Definition
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Term
| Describe the tunica intima of medium-sized veins |
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Definition
| contains thin internal elastic lamina and valves |
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Term
| Which layer tissue is generally the bulk of the vessel in medium-sized veins |
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Definition
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Term
| Describe the layers of large veins |
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Definition
| Thin walls with valves that are not well defined The Tunica Adventita is the thickest longitudinally arranged smooth muscle fibers |
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Term
| In which valves are the vasa vasorum frequently seen in large veins? |
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Definition
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Term
| Describe the blood pressure in each type of vessel |
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Definition
| Arteries → Arterioles → Capillaries → Venules → Veins → Vena Cava |
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Term
| Do heart muscles need nerve impulses to contract? |
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Definition
| No, they have a nodal system, which controls contraction |
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Term
| in which covering of the heart will fluid produced be trapped within a double membrane? |
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Definition
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Term
| which valves are pericytes found? |
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Definition
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Term
| Pericytes are surrounded by _________ beneath the endothelial cell |
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Definition
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