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| clergyman without experience in either mechanics or textiles patented a water-driven loom. |
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| an instrument maker at university of Glasgow , development of the general- purpose steam engine |
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| built a refined blast furnace that made it possible to produce large quantities of steel cheaply. |
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| self- educated Englishman, built the first steam-powered locomotive. |
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| inventor of the cotton gin (1793). |
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| Russian finance minister (1892-1903) who oversaw construction of the trans-Siberian railroad |
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| author of the Japanese Constitution of 1889 |
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| founder of the Anarchist movement |
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| became the first prime minister of Canada, and he moved to incorporate all of British North America into the Dominion. Negotiated the purchase of the huge Northwest Territories from the Hudson Bay Company in 1869, persuaded Manitoba, British Columbia, and Prince Edward Island to join the Dominion. He oversaw construction of a transcontinental railroad, completed in 1885. |
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| Latin American term for 19th century local military leaders. |
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| conservative Argentine politician who ruled the country from 1829 to 1852. |
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| President of Mexico, a Mexican of indigenous ancestry, was forced out of Mexico City until 1861. |
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| dictator of Mexico, overthrown by middle-class Mexicans joined with peasants and workers. |
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| revolutionary leader, charismatic agrarian rebel who organized huge armies fighting for tierra y libertad (land and liberty). Son of a mestizo peasant. |
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| leader of the metis and indigenous people of western Canada. |
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| argentine cowboys, highly romantic figures. |
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| student from Oxford University went to South Africa in claims in the diamond fields. British financier and statesman in Southern Africa who made his fortune in gold and diamonds. |
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| battle that opened the door for British colonial rule in Sudan. |
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| the thirteenth sultan of the Ottoman Empire, famous for instituting extensive military and legal reforms. |
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| reformers drew considerable inspiration from Enlightenment thought and the constitutional foundations of western European states. Make Ottoman law more acceptable to Europeans so they could have the capitulations lifted and recover Ottoman sovereignty. |
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| Taiping Rebellion leader 1840s-1860s, claims to be Jesus’s younger brother and committed suicide in 1862. |
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| descendants of Dutch settlers that founded Cape Town in 1652. Also known as Afrikaners. |
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| indigenous peoples of New Zealand |
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| leader of Filipino rebels turned their arms against the new intruders. Resulted in insurrection that raged until 1902. |
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| Joseph Arthur de Gobineau |
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| French nobleman took race as the most important index of human potential. Claims there is no such thing as biologically pure race. Divided humans into four main racial groups. |
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