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| Atlantic Coastal Plain/Tidewater |
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| sandy beaches, hot humid climate, superficial fertility, pines and cedars, fine deep harbors |
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| between Atlantic Coastal Plain and Piedmont. rivers and rapids, where many cities developed, trade made much easier, can move goods easier by water, and cheaper. |
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| layer of topsoil and then clay, rolling hills, superficial fertility but slightly more fertile than tidewater. |
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| 2500-4200', tall by walking standards, hard to expand west. |
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| very fertile limestone based soil, can maintain large amounts of crops and livestock but cannot ship them out easily. |
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| Fertile land but hard to ship out goods until railroads were invented. |
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| High quality limestone based soil. |
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| half of Florida and gulf coast. |
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| Poor rocky soil, not good for agriculture, growing season is very short |
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| very wide, shallow river, needs shallow boats, all rivers and streams empty into the Mississippi. |
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| Mississippi overflows but when water recedes topsoil is left behind. Fabulous soil, very fertile |
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| Prince Henry the Navigator |
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| Had interest in exploring and the seas. Wanted to go to China, land travel was difficult and dangerous. Got people to advance down the African Coast. 1487, made it to Cape where to oceans meet. Very turbulent water. By 1492, people had made it around the coast and to the indies. |
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| Convinced Isabella to comission 4 ships to the New World. Three ships made it. Columbus made 4 trips to New World. |
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| Claimed a lot of land along the North American East Coast for England. |
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| Made it to Quebec and Great Lakes and then down the Mississippi to the Gulf of Mexico. |
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| Small, highly maneuverable boat with a shallow hull and a movable sail for exploiting wind from any direction. |
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| Mercantilism suggests that the ruling government should advance these goals by playing a protectionist role in the economy; by encouraging exports and discouraging imports, notably through the use of tariffs and subsidies |
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| Experimented with tobacco which grew well on the coast. Began to send tobacco back to England. For first time, idleness was eliminated, making keen profits. Incentive to work. Demand for labor increase. Want people to labor on the farms. |
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| Work for agreed amount of time. Gets free food and housing and when time is up he will be released, given tools, and land. Left with experience and skill, great opportunity...apprentice. |
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| System where land was granted to anyone who would pay for the cost of the transportation of indentured servants. |
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| Indians taught settlers this method to grow corn. Slash trees to kill them to allow light to the ground. Sprinkle kernels and push them into the ground. Would only take 48 hours of work to produce food for the family for the year. |
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| adult males, representatives from plantations created legislature (1619). Recommended legislation to help immigration, fix prices on tobacco, everyone must grow food. Punish drunkeness and swearing, makes church mandatory. |
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| Surprise attack by the Indians. 347 people died. |
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| Nearly everyone in England was catholic until King Henry the 8th decided he wanted a divorce (not allowed in Catholocism). Therefore, using his royal powers, he broke away from the Catholic faith to create the Church of England (Anglicans). People didn't want to convert, but Kind started persecuting Catholics. |
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| Very important person, Secretary of State on the privy council. Openly Catholic, and used his relationship with the King James I to gain land in New World for Catholic refuge. Was granted the land of Maryland. |
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| Colony was a throwback to Feudalism. Lord of the Manor was a wealthy man responsible for bringing over tenant farmers. Lords were responsible for tenants. |
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| Extremists who wanted to eliminate all bits of Catholicism |
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| A group of Puritans who thought that each congregation should be run separately. |
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| Group of Puritans who believed that there should be a system of structure throughout Puritan relgion. |
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| Branch of Congregationalism that believed the Church of England is hopeless and can't be saved. Want to seperate wholely from the Church of England. |
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| Puritans believe God is all knowing, not mechanistic. Still have choice, just God already knows what that choice is going to be. |
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| Living a Godly life and believing that you will be saved. Believe they have lived the Gospel and absorbed all of the lessons. Appeal to the saved and become a full member of the Church. |
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| Pilgrims were separatists who moved to Holland but didn't like their children growing up Dutch and possibly having to fight for Holland. Crown saw two fold advantage of sending them to New World. Get rid of the trouble makers and use them to stop Swedish and Dutch expansion in the New World (already had claims in New England). Pilgrims settled in Plymouth, and weren't the most populous group, but were the most organized and therefore rose to prominence. 65 day trip to New World, only 4 died on Mayflower. However, first winter was harsh and William Bradford took over colony when original leader died in winter. |
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| Taught pilgrims many things. From Wampanoags, taught them how to kill trees, make syrup, how to drag down corn, how to fertilize lands with fish heads, which fish to eat. |
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| Massachusetts Bay Company |
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| Eventually absorbed the Plymouth Colony. Were a group of Congregationalists who didn't want to seperate themselves from the Church of England. Included many prominent men. |
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| Lead a group of Puritans to the New World and with the Cambridge Agreement, was established governor of the new Massachusetts Bay Colony (no longer privately owned). Settled in Boston and tried to create a godly commonwealth. Religion dominated society. |
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| became impatient with others, resented by old friends, forgot that humans are flawed. Separated so much that he would only pray with his wife. He was banished and founded Rhode Island and established seperation of Church and State. |
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| started out doing good deeds, would summarize sermons for those who couldn't attend church. She claims that she had personal revelations. Brought to trial and kicked out of Massachusetts during winter while pregnant. Went to found Plymouth Rhode Island. |
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| Founded by Thomas Hooker, Hartford wanted to block Dutch expansion. Fertile area with short growing season. Founded the government of Fundamental Orders of Connecticut |
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| Spill over from Massachusetts Bay Colony |
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| Founded by Dutch when they arrived in 1624 in Manhattan. Awarded manors to individuals, patroonships. Tenant farmers blocked expansion of New York. Albany had more people than NYC. |
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| Second Anglo-Dutch War (1664) |
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| King gave New Netherlands to Duke of York. Was renamed New York. |
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| Society of Friends, Quakers (George Fox). Laid out very nicely and becomes populous. Allowed religious toleration. Becomes most balanced and lucrative colony. |
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| Land grant from Duke of York. Already settled by Dutch and Swedish. |
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| North Carolina (Part of Carolina) |
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| Spill over from Virginia, too hard to control from Charleston, split into North and South Carolina. South Carolina settled very independently. |
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