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| Includes Native American societies that constructed massive earthen mounds as monuments and building foundations, for example the Adena, Hopewell, and Mississippian. |
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| German iconic figure of Protestant reformation |
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| only known fully developed written language of the pre-Columbian Americas |
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| mound-building, Native American culture that relied on maise |
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| was the strongest empire of the early colonial time period |
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| Led an expedition northward from Mexico in search of fabled cities of gold; gave Spain a claim to most of the American Southwest |
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| First permanent English settlement in America est 1607 |
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| Native Americans who occupied Virginia upon the arrival of settlers |
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| 50 acres of land for each settler a colonist brought to Virginia |
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| Religious Toleration Act of 1649 |
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| passed in Maryland it created the first legal limitations on free speech |
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| first governing document of Plymouth Colony |
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| One of the founders of Massachusetts Bay Colony and the colony's first governor |
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| banished from Massachusetts for her views against colonial government and her heretical beliefs |
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| English Quaker who founded colony of Pennsylvania in 1681 |
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| Led an Indian resistance to colonial expansion in New England in 1675 |
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| Patuxet Indian who taught Pilgrims survival techniques and was a translator |
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| the stage of the triangular trade in which millions of people from Africa were shipped to the New World, as part of the Atlantic slave trade. |
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| British policy to relax the enforcement of strict regulations first initiated by Sir Robert Walpole. |
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| religious movement within Lutheranism |
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| English evangelical preacher of the Great Awakening whose charismatic style attracted huge crowds during his preaching tours of the colonies |
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| various conflict between powers and also between settlers and Native Americans |
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| had jurisdiction in the British colonies, no jury |
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| American patriots who opposed British presence in the colonies |
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| British Army soldiers killed five civilian men and injured six others |
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| Committees of Correspondence |
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| shadow governments organized by the Patriot leaders of the Thirteen Colonies before the American Revolution |
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| Britain's king during the French and Indian War and the American revolution |
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| Subjects rule themselves but are required to contribute goods and labor to an imperial government in return for services and protection |
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| began as an internal attempt to reform the Roman Catholic Church but soon led to the breakup of the Church into competing denominations |
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| one of the most powerful Indian groups in central Mexico, conquered by Spanish |
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| Italian explorer in the service of Spain, attempted to reach Asia by sailing west from Europe thereby arriving in America in 1492. |
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| founded colonies in much of eastern North America, on a number of Caribbean islands, and in South America. Most colonies were developed to export products such as fish, sugar, and furs |
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| The exchange of people, plants, and animals among Europe, Africa, and North America that occurred after Columbus' discovery. |
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| companies are financed by stocks, holders share in profits and losses |
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| Powhatan Indian who married John Rolfe |
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| Founded by Lord Baltimore |
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| Members of the Church of England who wanted reform to make it a more Protestant Church |
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| Founded by Puritans in 1630 |
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| emphasizes hard work, frugality and prosperity as a display of a person's salvation in the Christian faith |
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| series of hearings and prosecutions of people accused of witchcraft in colonial Massachusetts |
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| four groups of people that moved from distinct regions of England to the US. The argument is that the culture of each of the groups persisted and that these cultures provide the basis for the modern United States |
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| government control of foreign trade |
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| Separatist who led Pilgrims to America; first governor of Plymouth Plantations |
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| contracting to work for a fixed period of time, typically three to seven years, in exchange for transportation, food, clothing, lodging and other necessities |
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| Slave revolt in South Carolina in 1739; it prompted the colony to pass harsher laws governing the movement of slaves and the capture of runaways |
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| English philosopher who came up with the idea of inalienable rights and the social contract (gov't right to rule comes from the consent of governed) |
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| an eighteenth century intellectual movement that stressed the pursuit of knowledge through reason and challenged the value of religious belief, emotion, and tradition |
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| introduced the Great Awakening to Massachusetts |
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| those who remained with their previous beliefs after the Great Awakening |
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| Seven Years War; Concluded with British victory and the signing of the Treaty of Paris |
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| tax on most printed materials, a direct result of the French-Indian War to help pay for troops stationed in North America |
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| Established a precedent that Parliament had the right to tax the colonists |
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| American colonist and revolutionary who wrote Common Sense, a pamphlet which argued against monarchy and George III |
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| similar to the Stamp Act, its primary objective was to convince colonists to purchase taxed tea, thus implicitly agreeing to accept Parliament's right of taxation |
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| British prime minister who sought to impose taxes on colonists |
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| The King's right to rule comes directly from the will of God |
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| Written by Martin Luther in 1517, widely regarded as the catalyst for Protestant Reformation |
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| Southwestern Native Americans who lived in adobes |
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| conquered the Aztecs and claimed Mexico for Spain |
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| Founded by Raleigh, was mysteriously abandoned with no explanation |
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| English explorer who was saved from the Powhattan's by Pocahontas |
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| English settler, cultivated tobacco and married Pocahontas |
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| founded the first English settlement on the island of Newfoundland |
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| English Puritans who advocated complete separation from the Church of England |
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| Puritan minister banished from Massachusetts for criticizing its religious rules and government policies; founded Providence based on religious freedom and the separation of church and state |
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| colonies where the landowners remain subjects to their mother country |
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| uprising in the Virginia Colony by those who resented friendly policies towards Native Americans; Jamestown was burned down as a result and many Native Americans were murdered |
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| King James II of England was overthrown and William and Mary take over throne |
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| English philanthropist who established the colony of Georgia for debtors and those seeking a new life |
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| Frontier settlers in the Carolinas who protested the lack of gov't services in their area including law enforcement |
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| was the de facto leader of Great Britain for a time |
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| Belief that God created the universe in such a way that it could operate without any further divine intervention such as miracles |
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| religious revivals based on preaching and emotionalism, traveling evangelists |
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| People who converted their ways of thinking during the Great Awakening |
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| Tea was dumped into Boston Harbor to protest taxation |
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| Series of laws passed by Britain relating to Thirteen colonies |
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