Term
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Definition
| Principal ideas of liberty and equality. Demanded representative govt. and individual freedoms (Bill of Rights). |
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Definition
| Beliefs in the old ways of classes and their privileges. |
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Definition
| Beliefs in the new ways that extend past even liberalism with republican ideas. They want individual control. |
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Term
| Laissez-Faire Economic Doctrine |
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Definition
| A doctrine of economic liberalism that believed in unrestricted private enterprise and no government interference in the economy. |
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Term
| Great Powers at this time (Late 1800s/Early 1900s) |
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Definition
| Britain, France, Prussia, Austria, Russia |
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Term
| Ottoman Empire and Greek Independence |
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Definition
| Received help from European powers to beat Ottoman Empire. Reduced the power of the Ottoman Empire |
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Definition
| Becomes the Germanic Confederation (1515-1866) led by Austria. Ended by Napoleon |
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Term
| Legitimate (Pre and Post Napoleonic)Monarchs |
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Definition
| Supported by the Congress of Vienna to restore order from revolution. |
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Term
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Definition
| Goal of the Congress of Vienna. Meetings of European leaders to oppose change. |
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Term
| The Balance of Power among European Powers |
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Definition
| Goal of the Congress of Vienna. |
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Term
| 1848 Revolutions in Most of Europe |
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Definition
| Ends the goals of the Congress of Vienna (Concert of Europe). Demands for nations and constitutions. Offers more radical solutions. Generally failed. |
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Term
| Garibaldi and his Red Shirts: Italian Nationalism |
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Definition
| Superpatriot. Secretly supported by Cavour, he and his thousand Red Shirts capture Sicily and move to Rome. Cavour's troops intercept and rejoice at unification. Parliamentary Monarchy led by Victor Emmanuel. |
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Term
| Count Cavour of Piedmont and Italian Unification |
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Definition
| Worked to bring Sardinia together and try to combine it with Italy. Through unsuccessful efforts with Napoleon III he gains little and resigns. Italian nationalism spreads and calls for Sardinia fusion. Cavour returns to power. |
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Term
| Napoleon III, Emperor of the French |
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Definition
| Nephew of Napoleon. Becomes President. Makes himself President for life. Makes himself Emperor. Improves infrastructure of Paris. |
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Term
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Definition
| Brief period of communism in Paris. Military surrounds city. People starve and begin to eat animals. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Anti-semitism and zionism |
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Definition
| Anti-semitism is the belief of negative feelings toward the Jewish. Zionism is the movement toward Jewish political nationhood started by Theodor Herzl. |
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Term
| Dreyfus Affair in the French Third Republic |
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Definition
| Divisive cases in which Alfred Dreyfus, a Jewish captain in the French army, was falsely accused and convicted of treason. Catholic Church sided with anti-Semites. Dreyfus found innocent. The French govt severed all ties between the church and the state. |
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Term
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Definition
| Becomes chief minister in 1862. Becomes one of the most important German figures ever. |
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Term
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Definition
| Forms the German Empire with Prussia and 24 smaller states |
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Term
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Definition
| (site of the coronation of William I). Getting back at France for Napoleon. |
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Term
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Definition
| Taken by Prussia from France |
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Term
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Definition
| Failed to unify German States |
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Term
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Definition
| "Small Germany" without Austria |
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Term
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Definition
| "Large Germany" led by Austria |
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Term
| William I, King of Prussia and German Emperor |
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Definition
| Basically controlled by Bismarck. |
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Term
| Franco-Prussian War and the creation of the German Empire |
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Definition
| Prussia Wins. Takes back Alsace-Lorraine. |
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Term
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Definition
| Fight against all institutions such as govt and churches with the use sabotage and terrorism. |
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Term
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Definition
| Russian leader of the Anarchists |
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Term
| Bourgeoisie and Proletariat |
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Definition
| The business elite class and the class of the people. |
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Term
| Class consciousness and class hostility |
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Definition
| Awareness of the separation between the classes and proletariat uprisings. (Related to Marxism). |
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Term
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Definition
An effort by various socialists to update Marxist doctrines to reflect the realities of the time.
Examples: Edouard Bernstein, German Political Leader |
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Term
| Dictatorship of the Proletariat |
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Definition
| According to Marxist theory, the Proletariat will eventually take over and the leaders of the Proletariat will rule. |
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Term
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Definition
| Used in Marxism to create a group of people that work in the same area and stand up for their rights. |
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Term
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Definition
| Socialists but not Marxists |
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Term
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Definition
| The desire for countries to expand their empires. |
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Term
| Social Darwinism and Herbert Spencer |
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Definition
| The application of the theory of biological evolution to human affairs, it sees the human race as driven to evergreater specialization and progress by an unending economic struggle that determines the survival of the fittest. By Herbert Spencer. |
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Term
| The Survival of the Fittest |
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Definition
| Idea by Herbert Spencer. Involves Social Darwinism and states that the most advanced races will survive. |
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Term
| J.A. Hobson on the Significance of Imperialism |
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Definition
| Critic. Said that vast funds spent on empires should be spent back home. |
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Term
| Lenin's Development of Hobson's theories |
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Definition
| Argued WWI was final conflict over this |
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Term
| Imperialism: "White Man's Burden" |
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Definition
| Rudyard Kipling. The idea that Europeans could and should civilize more primitive nonwhite peoples and that imperialism would eventually provide nonwhites with modern achievements and higher standards of living. |
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Term
| The "Scramble for Africa" among European Powers |
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Definition
| European countries trying to get land in Africa. Imperialism, resource, etc |
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Term
| The Congress of Berlin: Bismarck and Ferry |
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Definition
| Discussed what lands they wanted. |
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Term
| King Leopold II of the Belgians and the Congo |
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Definition
| Independently takes over Congo to have as own private territory (Congo Free State) then eventually gives land to Belgium |
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Term
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Definition
| Becomes The Belgian Congo |
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Term
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Definition
| Publicist. Explored Africa and the Congo |
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Term
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Definition
| British imperialist in Africa. Prime Minister of Cape Colony. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| The Ottoman Empire and Tanzimat |
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Definition
| A set of radical reforms designed to remake the Ottoman Empire on a western European model. Created after the destruction of the old ways of the Ottoman Empire. |
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Term
| The "Young Turks" of the Ottoman Empire |
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Definition
| Fervent patriots who seized power in the revolution of 1908, forcing the conservative sultan to implement reforms; they helped pave the way for the birth of modern secular Turkey. |
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Term
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Definition
| Commander in Ottoman Army that made himself ruler of Egypt and brought about its unification, modernization, and reform. |
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Term
| Suez Canal and the British Role (Disraeli) |
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Definition
| Funded a portion of the Suez Canal to be built by Egypt in order to gain waterway. |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| 1857. The last armed resistance to British rule in India. |
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Definition
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Term
| The Philippines and the Encomienda System |
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Definition
| Grants that allow for the rule over a certain number of the inhabitants. |
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Term
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Definition
| The war between the British and the Chinese over limitations on trade and the importation of opium into China. |
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Term
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Definition
| gave the British Hong Kong and extensive rights in China |
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Term
| Extraterritoriality in China |
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Definition
| The legal principle that exempts individuals from local law, applicable in China because of the agreements reached after China's loss in the Opium War. |
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Term
| Empress Dowager Cixi and her Grandson |
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Definition
| Last of Manchu dynasty rule. Pu yi is grandson emperor. Empress Dowager Cixi rules for him and is pretty bad. |
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Term
| Pu Yi, The Last Emperor of China |
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Definition
| The grandson of Cixi who is the last emperor of the last dynasty of China. |
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Term
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Definition
| Ports that were opened up to foreign countries by the Opium Wars, Britain, and the Open Door Policy. |
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Term
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Definition
| Name for the treaties that allowed foreign countries into China and such to trade. |
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Term
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Definition
| Taken over by the British and ran under their rules. |
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Term
| Nationalists (Guomintang) |
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Definition
| Lead the Chinese Republic in 1912 and Sun Yatsen |
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Term
| Taiping Rebellion 1851-1864 |
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Definition
| A massive rebellion by believers in the religious teachings of Hong Xiuquan. |
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Term
| Korea and its Significance for China and Japan |
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Definition
| Japan gets this land and helps to cause Russo-Japanese War. |
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Term
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Definition
| Rebellion against the occupying powers in China. A Chinese secret society that blamed the country's ills on foreigners, especially missionaries, and rose in rebellion in 1900. |
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Term
| The Open Door Policy in China |
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Definition
| Allows nations to trade freely with China but it remains one nation. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| 1st Major Leader, Chinese Republic |
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Term
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Definition
| The govt of Japan. Much like a military govt. Ends in 1867. |
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Term
| Commodore Matthew Perry and Gunboat Diplomacy |
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Definition
| The imposition of treaties and agreements under threat of military violence, such as the opening of Japan to trade after Commodore Perry's demands. |
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Term
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Definition
| Japan uses this to prove its new power. 1894-1895 |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Modernization of Japan. The 1867 ousting of the Tokugawa Shogunate that "restored" the power of the Japanese emperors. |
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Term
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Definition
| Ended by The Treaty of Portsmouth (NH) with the help of Teddy Roosevelt. 1904-1905 war fought over imperial influence and territory in NE China (Manchuria). |
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Term
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Definition
| Happened in New Hampshire. Ended Russo-Japanese War |
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Term
| President Theodore Roosevelt |
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Definition
| President who helped to end the Russo-Japanese war with the Treaty of Portsmouth in New Hampshire. Receives Nobel Peace Prize for this. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Leader of Austrian Government |
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Term
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Definition
| Russia, Prussia, Austria. Created after the defeat of Napoleon |
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Term
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Definition
| The idea that each people had its own genius and its own specific unity, which manifested itself especially in a common language and history, and often led to the desire for an independent political state. |
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Term
| Utopian Socialism and Robert Owen |
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Definition
| Created by Robert Owen. Everyone contributes the same and achieves the common goal |
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Term
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Definition
| Utopian society experiment by Robert Owen that failed. |
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Term
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Definition
| The idea of socialism formed by Frederic Engels which was based more on social status, classes, and economics than Utopian socialism. |
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Term
| Karl Marx and Frederic Engels |
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Definition
| Founders of Marxism and Scientific Socialism. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Liberia (Monrovia) and Americo-Liberians |
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Definition
| Black Americans that moved back to Africa to live in Liberia as free people. |
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Term
| The "Great Trek" (North) of the Boers 1835-1843 |
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Definition
| Escape north from Cape Colony from the British. |
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Term
| Boers/Afrikaners (Mostly Dutch) in South Africa |
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Definition
| Descendants of the Dutch settlers in the Cape Colony in southern Africa. Fought to build strong states in southern Africa. |
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