Term
| when was the Archaic Period for Greece |
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Definition
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Term
| what are some things the Greeks adopted from other cultures |
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Definition
religion from the persians
alphabet from thePhoenicians |
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Term
| what works did Homer write |
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Definition
The Iliad
the Odyssey
the entire epic cycle |
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Term
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Definition
| generally they are long and formally written poems that describe heroes and their journey |
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Definition
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Term
| who was achilles and why was he significant |
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Definition
| leader of the myrmidons, revered greek warrior, refused to fight at first because of disagreement with king, killed hector |
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Term
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Definition
prince of troy
great warrior
killed by achilles |
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Definition
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Term
| was greece one big empire or independant cities |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
greek military formation
shields and spears |
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Term
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Definition
greek citizen-soldier
used in phalanx formation |
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Term
| how did phalanxes transform greek politics |
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Definition
| lower class individuals rose in rank due to military service and gave them more power |
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Term
who coined the phrase "man is a political animal"
what did he mean |
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Definition
aristotle
he meant that man survives best in a society where there are rules and customs |
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Term
| why is athens so important |
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Definition
trading hub
lots of science and art
invention of democracy |
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Term
| who was solon and what did he do |
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Definition
athenian leader
had failed attempts at reform
credited with laying foundations for democracy |
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Term
| what and when were the greco-persian wars |
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Definition
series of wars between persia and greece
from 499-449 bc |
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Term
| when was the battle of marathon and why is it significant |
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Definition
490 BC
it turned back the persian assault on greece
encouraged greek city states that they could beat persia |
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Term
| what was the battle of thermopylae |
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Definition
persia built up a huge army, greeks go to block them
7000 greeks hold off 200,000 persians for 2 days until betrayed
king lets the men go, 300 spartans,700 thespians, 400 thebans stayed
think 300 |
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Term
| what was the battle of salamis |
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Definition
naval battle in strait of salamis
massive persian navy sails into small strait and cant maneuver
greeks take advantage and win
480 BC |
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Term
| what were the results of the greco-persian war |
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Definition
persians- ended all hopes of westward expansion
greeks- established athens and sparta as powers |
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Term
| what and when was the classical age of greece |
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Definition
period in greek culture where politics, art, architecture, literature, and philosophy grew
5th-4th century Bc |
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Term
| who was pericles and what did he do |
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Definition
prominent leader of athens during golden age
turned delian league into athenian empire
led athens in the 1st 2 years of peloponnesian war |
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Term
| what was the assembly and what did it do |
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Definition
principle assembly of democracy in athens during the golden age
made laws, elected leaders, etc |
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Term
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Definition
| male citizens with 2 years military service |
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Term
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Definition
| how things relate in size |
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Term
| who were some of greece's philosophers |
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Definition
| socrates, plato, aristotle |
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Term
| what was the dark side of athenian democracy |
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Definition
many people had slaves
roughly 1/3 of the population was enslaved |
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Term
| what were the peloponnesian wars |
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Definition
war between athens and the peloponnesian league
(sparta) |
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Term
| why did the peloponnesian war occur |
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Definition
| sparta had fear athens was becoming too powerful and attacked when athens was trying to subdue a rebellion |
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Term
| what were the results of the peloponnesian war |
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Definition
sparta beat athens
weakened athens militarily and economically
eventually to the point where macedonia could take over |
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Term
| who was alexander the great and what did he accomplish |
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Definition
king of macedon, conquered greece and had empire stretching from mediterranean to himalayas
undefeated in battle
spread culture through his conquest |
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Term
| why did rome transform from a monarchy to a republic |
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Definition
the people were tired of the harsh rule of kings
also the "rape of lucretia" |
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Term
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Definition
roman citizen of higher political rank
based purely off of birth |
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Term
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Definition
roman common class citizen
based off of birth |
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Term
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Definition
political institution in ancient rome that survived from the cities earliest days until 603 ad
not very powerful in early or late years |
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Term
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Definition
roman noble woman
raped by kings son then committed suicide
one of the main causes for rome switching to republic |
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Term
| what was romes approach to war |
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Definition
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Term
| how did romans treat conquered italians |
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Definition
they established order then granted them the right to become citizens, enabling them to control the empire
they also had to pay tax and contribute to military |
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Term
| how did plebians gain political power |
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Definition
through advancing in military
creating their own organizations
threat of leaving and abondoning the city |
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Term
| what was roman democracy really like |
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Definition
| unfair, elites had almost all the power and their votes counted more |
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Term
| why was rome so successful at war |
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Definition
superior disclipline, training, commanders, training, and strategy
also utilized prisoners of war by turning them into soldiers |
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Term
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Definition
wars between rome and carthage from 246-146 bc
started due to conflict of expansion |
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Term
| what was the result of the punic wars |
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Definition
rome won and burned down the city of carthage
established itself as the mediterranean power and had control of trade |
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Term
| what factors led to the fall of the roman republic |
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Definition
the senators were heavily taxing the people to pay for social programs
the people rebelled then caesar subdued and took control of rome |
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Term
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Definition
very successful military general for rome during the middle republic
rose up political ranks quickly due to military success
became a consul of the republic |
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Term
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Definition
first dictator of rome
skilled commander and started civil war after rome demanded he lay down military command
he won the war and complete control of rome
assassinated by group of senators led by marcus brutus on march 15 44BC |
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Term
| who was octavian/augustus |
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Definition
founder and first emperor of rome
often considered greatest emperor
reforms including police, firefighters, and pretorian guard |
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Term
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Definition
roman ploitician and general, close friend of caesar
formed the second triumvirate with augustus
had a disagreement and it broke apaart causing civil war which augustus won
committed suicide with cleopatra shortly after |
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Term
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Definition
last pharaoh of egypt
had child with caesar which was rejected from the throne
had child with marc antony |
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Term
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Definition
roman philosopher, consul, orator
credited with having a huge impact on the latin language |
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Term
| what happened between caesar, augustus, antony, cleopatra, and cicero |
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Definition
julius and pompey both wanted power
caesar gets power but is killed
marc antony and augustus form alliance
antony is killed then cleopatra kills herself
augustus gets power and has pax romana |
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Term
what does it mean to cross the rubicon
when did it happen |
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Definition
metaphorically- point of no return
physically- crossing the river
happened in 49 BC |
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Term
| what did caesar do as dictator |
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Definition
most accomplishment were military he conquered most of europe
also invented the julian calendar |
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Term
| why were people unhappy with caesar |
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Definition
| they felt he had too much power |
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Term
| who came after caesar and what was his title |
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Definition
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Term
| how do you rule as an emperor in a society that hates monarchs |
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Definition
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Term
| what were some characteristics of the pax romana |
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Definition
| no major wars, trade flourished, higher standard of living |
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Term
| what was the greatest size of rome and who was ruling |
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Definition
6.5 million square kilometers
Trajan |
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Term
| what were the difficulties of roman expansion |
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Definition
| vast territory and many people hard to control |
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Term
| what was the crisis of the 3rd century |
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Definition
emperor was killed sparking civil war where one general would take control until assassinated then another
there was war on all sides from france, germany, and persia
money lost nearly all value and empire nearly collapsed |
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Term
| who was diocletian and how did he combat the crisis |
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Definition
emperor after aurelian
he reformed economy, created new currency, reformed taxes so they could be paid in different ways
redesigned military defense into layers and increased cavalry
reorganized empire into 4 parts with individual leaders |
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Term
| what were constantines most important contributions |
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Definition
played major role in spreading christianity
reunited rome under 1 emperor
successful military career |
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Term
| what was the edict of milan and when was it issued |
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Definition
established tolerance for christianity in rome
issued in february 313 |
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Term
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Definition
greek writer
Iliad and the odyssey |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| temple dedicated to athena |
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Term
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Definition
| greek philosopher, questioned the world |
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Term
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Definition
greek philosopher
"dont trust your senses"
not in favor of democracy |
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Term
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Definition
greek philosopher
interested in logic
"man is a political animal" |
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Term
| what was the story of romulus and remus |
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Definition
they were born and abondoned by their mom
raised by a wolf then a farmer
decided they wanted to be kings so they built a city
fought over who was king until romulus killed remus
how rome was made |
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