Term
| Before the Prophet Muhammad, Ka'aba was: |
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Definition
| The major religious shrine in Arab |
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Term
| The initial purpose of the Crusades was: |
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Definition
| To conduct peaceful pilgrimages to the birthplace of Jesus |
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Term
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Definition
| Muslim scholar synthesized the Greek and Islamic knowledge in medicine and produced work that had been translated into Latin and remained the leading medical test book in Europe for almost 500 years |
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Term
| The Shi'ites believed that: |
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Definition
Legit leadership of Islam could only come from the house and descendants of Ali
All the Muslims must make Hajj at least once
Salvation comes from faith in God and following God's law |
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Term
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Definition
| Nomadic camel and goat herders in Arab |
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Term
| Which of the following councils ended the Great Schism within the Medieval papacy in 1415? |
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Definition
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Term
| The individual most responsible for carrying out Protestant reformation in England was: |
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Definition
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Term
| The chief purpose of the Magna Carta was: |
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Definition
| To have the king recognize the feudal rights of his vassals |
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Term
| Who founded the Carolingian Dynasty? |
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Definition
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Term
| Who was the late 13th century monarch that clashed with the papacy over clerical taxation? |
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Definition
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Term
| The Germanic king who united the Franks under his rule, established the earliest kingdom, and embraced Christianity was: |
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Definition
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Term
| Which of the following did Martin Luther consider a sacrament: |
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Definition
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Term
| The reforms of Charles Alexander de Calonne included: |
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Definition
| The introduction of new taxes in France |
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Term
| In 1776, the institution that declared the independence of North American colonies from England was: |
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Definition
| Second Continental Congress |
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Term
| The powerful Islamic state that emerged in Anatolia in the late 15th century that encompasses Southeast Europe, West Asia, and North Africa |
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Definition
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Term
| The Germanic warrior who defeated the Muslims at the Battle of Tours |
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Definition
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Term
| First European states to launch the age of European overseas exploration were: |
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Definition
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Term
| The great humanist scholar associated with the Platonic philosophy and the author of the Narration of the Dignity of Man was: |
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Definition
| Giovanni Pico della Mirandola |
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Term
| The 16th century European scholar that rediscovered and mathematically explained the old heliocentric theory |
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Definition
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Term
| In Unum Sanctum, the Pope: |
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Definition
| Rejected the rights of the kings to tax the clergy |
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Term
| Which of the following best describes the general policy of the Mughal: |
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Definition
| Although Muslims dominated the government, the early Mughal state encouraged religious toleration and promoted Hindu-Muslim cultural synthesis |
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Term
| What aristocratic family of France was responsible for the counter-reformation and stood behind the struggle against the Huguenots? |
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Definition
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Term
| The founder of the Safavid Dynasty was: |
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Definition
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Term
| Which of the following statements best describe the Enlightenment's concept of Laissez-Faire? |
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Definition
| It emphasized economic liberalism and opposed mercantilism |
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Term
| In his Politics Drawn from Scripture, Jacques Bosset: |
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Definition
| provided religious basis for the principle of "divine right" by identifying the person of king with God |
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Term
| The term Sharia refers to: |
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Definition
| a code of moral behavior and daily conduct |
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Term
| The major scientific discovery of the 17th century associated with Isaac Newton regarded |
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Definition
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Term
| Most enlightenment philosophies: |
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Definition
| Believed the human society was governed by certain scientific laws, rejected absolutism and valued limited constitutional monarchy, and believed that people as a part of a scientifically ruled universe were rational |
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Term
| The Renaissance humanist who was associated with civic humanism and the author of History of Florence was |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| The elite military corps in the Ottoman Empire composed of formerly enslaved boys |
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Term
| What European state established and maintained commercial supremacy in the Indian Ocean during the first half of the 16th century: |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| believed in economic freedom and stressed that the state should not intervene in the economy |
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Term
| During the late 17th and early 18th century, the following European states emerged as the major absolutist monarchies except: |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| a tax in Islamic states imposed on non-Muslim subjects |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| The spanish policy known as the reconquista refers to: |
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Definition
| the struggle of Christian Spaniards to drive Muslims out of Spain |
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Term
| Civic humanists tried to preserve the republican form of government in Florence by: |
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Definition
| the involvement in the civic activities and celebration of active political life |
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Term
| Scholastic theologians attempted to produce a body of systematic studies by: |
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Definition
| Applying logic to fundamental religious questions |
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Term
| The term renaissance refers to: |
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Definition
| Cultural revival during the later middle ages |
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Term
| In his philosophical work, Marsilio Ficino attempted to: |
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Definition
| Apply pagan philosophy to Christianity |
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Term
| What was John Calvin's major contribution to Protestantism? |
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Definition
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Term
| The concept of papal supremacy that the medieval catholic church upheld emphasized: |
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Definition
| The right of the pope to interfere in secular matters of the state |
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Term
| Which of the following statements best characterized the fundamental distinction between Christian humanists and Protestant reformers? |
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Definition
| Christian humanists believe that God in his omnipotence has predestined people for salvation, whereas Protestant reformers emphasize that salvation depends on free will of the individual |
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Term
| In the 95 Theses, Martin Luther |
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Definition
| Attacked the sale of indulgences, proposed the idea of justification by faith, and rejected the idea of transubstantiation |
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Term
| The peaceful treaty that ended the Thirty Years War and gave Calvinists legal recognition was: |
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Definition
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Term
| The Council of Trent met in 1545 to: |
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Definition
| address the issues posed by the Protestant Reformation |
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Term
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Definition
| Tried to restore the Catholic Church service in England |
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Term
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Definition
| granted the French Huguenots freedom of worship and right of assembly |
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Term
| According to the old scholarly theory, a civilization emerged in Mesopotamia because of: |
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Definition
| The need to control and distribute water sources |
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Term
| The form of writing developed by Sumerians during the Plato-literate period was |
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Definition
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Term
| Religion in Mesopotamia included all of the following beliefs except: |
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Definition
Human beings could look forward to an after life
(They did believe: the gods were carious and childish, the gods controlled the natural world, and the gods were immortal) |
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Term
| The views of Legalism on human nature are best reflected in which of the following statements: |
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Definition
| People are born selfish and evil and thus must be controlled by harsh laws |
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Term
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Definition
| A Semitic ruler who conquered the Sumerian city states and established an empire |
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Term
| The last powerful state which emerged in the Mesopotamian valley before the Greek conquest was: |
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Definition
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Term
| Perhaps the first most skillful manufacturers of iron in the Near East were the |
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Definition
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Term
| The major development associated with the Phoenicians was: |
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Definition
| The invention of a 26 letter alphabet eventually adopted by the Greeks |
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Term
| The purpose of the pyramids of Egypt was to |
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Definition
| Preserve the kings body for eternity |
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Term
| In Hinduism, Dharma refers to |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Early Indus valley civilization was characterized by all of the following Neolithic features except: |
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Definition
a nomadic way of life
(was characterized by: writing, brick houses, bronze tools) |
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Term
| On top of Indian society were the |
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Definition
|
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Term
| The basic importance of Confucianism to the nature of Chinese society was that it provided |
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Definition
| support for the hierarchical ordering of relationships |
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Term
| The earliest Chinese civilization was characterized by all of the following except: |
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Definition
a nomadic way of life
(was characterized by: bronze tools, writing, cultivation mullet) |
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Term
| All of the following were major contributions of the Aryans to Indian civilization except: |
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Definition
making textiles
(were major contributions: the sacred Vedic literature, the caste system, religious beliefs) |
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Term
| The primary purpose of the oracle bones was to: |
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Definition
| communicate with the gods |
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Term
| The name "Wise Lord" is associated with: |
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Definition
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Term
| The chief purpose of the Book of the Dead was to |
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Definition
| help the dead to reach the next world safely |
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Term
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Definition
| taught that pain and sorrow are caused by desire |
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Term
| All but one of the following were consequences of Neolithic revolution: |
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Definition
spread of the nomadic way of life
(were consequences: domestication of animals, specialization of labor, and increased population) |
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Term
| Mahavira believed that the way to end Samstra was: |
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Definition
| Ascentism and non-violence |
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Term
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Definition
| An Egyptian King who united Egypt and started the first Egyptian Dynasty |
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Term
| If the appeal to the "Mandate of Heaven" enhanced the authority of the ruler, what was its major shortcoming from the perspective of the ruler? |
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Definition
| it implied that rulers who failed in their duties had lost their heavenly approval and could be overthrown |
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Term
| In the Hindu religion, karma refers to |
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Definition
| the sum of ones good and bad actions |
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Term
| Under Chandragupta Maurya, the Indian political system was |
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Definition
| highly organized and bureaucratic |
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Term
| What of the following features is not true about civilization: |
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Definition
nomadic life
(is true: urbanized life, representative arts, system of writing) |
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Term
| What of the following distinguished Mesopotamian and Egyptian religions? |
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Definition
| Egyptians believed in afterlife |
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Term
| This leader unified lower and upper Egypt and established the first ruling dynasty |
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Definition
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Term
| Religious beliefs of early Chinese civilization was characterized by all of the following features except: |
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Definition
monotheism
(was characterized by: ancestral worship, polytheism, belief in a supreme "Deity Above") |
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Term
| First hominids to make stone tools were |
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Definition
|
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Term
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Definition
| a deity associated with evil Zoroastrianism |
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Term
| The concept of wuwei in Taoism refers to |
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Definition
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Term
| This ruler founded the Mauryan Empire: |
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Definition
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Term
| In Jainism, the major way to achieve Moksha was: |
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Definition
| Ascentism and non-violence |
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